[med-svn] [daligner] 01/02: Imported Upstream version 1.0

Afif Elghraoui afif-guest at moszumanska.debian.org
Sun Aug 16 04:24:39 UTC 2015


This is an automated email from the git hooks/post-receive script.

afif-guest pushed a commit to branch master
in repository daligner.

commit 5b1311cabd0be48343674a66db4796c1ecdf9bbf
Author: Afif Elghraoui <afif at ghraoui.name>
Date:   Sat Aug 15 20:01:35 2015 -0700

    Imported Upstream version 1.0
---
 DB.c                    | 1580 ++++++++++++++++++++
 DB.h                    |  442 ++++++
 HPCdaligner.c           |  580 ++++++++
 HPCmapper.c             |  621 ++++++++
 LAcat.c                 |  194 +++
 LAcheck.c               |  347 +++++
 LAmerge.c               |  362 +++++
 LAshow.c                |  606 ++++++++
 LAsort.c                |  258 ++++
 LAsplit.c               |  244 +++
 LAupgrade.Dec.31.2014.c |  191 +++
 Makefile                |   48 +
 QV.c                    | 1406 ++++++++++++++++++
 QV.h                    |  125 ++
 README                  |  375 +++++
 align.c                 | 3745 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 align.h                 |  349 +++++
 daligner.c              |  702 +++++++++
 filter.c                | 1837 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 filter.h                |   74 +
 20 files changed, 14086 insertions(+)

diff --git a/DB.c b/DB.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27b202e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/DB.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1580 @@
+/************************************************************************************\
+*                                                                                    *
+* Copyright (c) 2014, Dr. Eugene W. Myers (EWM). All rights reserved.                *
+*                                                                                    *
+* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,   *
+* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this     *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.                                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this  *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or     *
+*    other materials provided with the distribution.                                 *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · The name of EWM may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from     *
+*    this software without specific prior written permission.                        *
+*                                                                                    *
+* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY EWM ”AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,    *
+* INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND       *
+* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL EWM BE LIABLE   *
+* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES *
+* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS  *
+* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY      *
+* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING     *
+* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN  *
+* IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+* For any issues regarding this software and its use, contact EWM at:                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*   Eugene W. Myers Jr.                                                              *
+*   Bautzner Str. 122e                                                               *
+*   01099 Dresden                                                                    *
+*   GERMANY                                                                          *
+*   Email: gene.myers at gmail.com                                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+\************************************************************************************/
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Compressed data base module.  Auxiliary routines to open and manipulate a data base for
+ *    which the sequence and read information are separated into two separate files, and the
+ *    sequence is compressed into 2-bits for each base.  Support for tracks of additional
+ *    information, and trimming according to the current partition.  Eventually will also
+ *    support compressed quality information.
+ *
+ *  Author :  Gene Myers
+ *  Date   :  July 2013
+ *  Revised:  April 2014
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+
+#include "DB.h"
+
+#ifdef HIDE_FILES
+#define PATHSEP "/."
+#else
+#define PATHSEP "/"
+#endif
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  GENERAL UTILITIES
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+char *Prog_Name;
+
+#ifdef INTERACTIVE
+
+char Ebuffer[1000];
+
+#endif
+
+void *Malloc(int64 size, char *mesg)
+{ void *p;
+
+  if ((p = malloc(size)) == NULL)
+    { if (mesg == NULL)
+        EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Out of memory\n",Prog_Name);
+      else
+        EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Out of memory (%s)\n",Prog_Name,mesg);
+    }
+  return (p);
+}
+
+void *Realloc(void *p, int64 size, char *mesg)
+{ if ((p = realloc(p,size)) == NULL)
+    { if (mesg == NULL)
+        EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Out of memory\n",Prog_Name);
+      else
+        EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Out of memory (%s)\n",Prog_Name,mesg);
+    }
+  return (p);
+}
+
+char *Strdup(char *name, char *mesg)
+{ char *s;
+
+  if (name == NULL)
+    return (NULL);
+  if ((s = strdup(name)) == NULL)
+    { if (mesg == NULL)
+        EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Out of memory\n",Prog_Name);
+      else
+        EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Out of memory (%s)\n",Prog_Name,mesg);
+    }
+  return (s);
+}
+
+FILE *Fopen(char *name, char *mode)
+{ FILE *f;
+
+  if (name == NULL || mode == NULL)
+    return (NULL);
+  if ((f = fopen(name,mode)) == NULL)
+    EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Cannot open %s for '%s'\n",Prog_Name,name,mode);
+  return (f);
+}
+
+char *PathTo(char *name)
+{ char *path, *find;
+
+  if (name == NULL)
+    return (NULL);
+  if ((find = rindex(name,'/')) != NULL)
+    { *find = '\0';
+      path = Strdup(name,"Extracting path from");
+      *find = '/';
+    }
+  else
+    path = Strdup(".","Allocating default path");
+  return (path);
+}
+
+char *Root(char *name, char *suffix)
+{ char *path, *find, *dot;
+  int   epos;
+
+  if (name == NULL)
+    return (NULL);
+  find = rindex(name,'/');
+  if (find == NULL)
+    find = name;
+  else
+    find += 1;
+  if (suffix == NULL)
+    { dot = strchr(find,'.');
+      if (dot != NULL)
+        *dot = '\0';
+      path = Strdup(find,"Extracting root from");
+      if (dot != NULL)
+        *dot = '.';
+    }
+  else
+    { epos  = strlen(find);
+      epos -= strlen(suffix);
+      if (epos > 0 && strcasecmp(find+epos,suffix) == 0)
+        { find[epos] = '\0';
+          path = Strdup(find,"Extracting root from");
+          find[epos] = suffix[0];
+        }
+      else
+        path = Strdup(find,"Allocating root");
+    }
+  return (path);
+}
+
+char *Catenate(char *path, char *sep, char *root, char *suffix)
+{ static char *cat = NULL;
+  static int   max = -1;
+  int len;
+
+  if (path == NULL || root == NULL || sep == NULL || suffix == NULL)
+    return (NULL);
+  len =  strlen(path);
+  len += strlen(sep);
+  len += strlen(root);
+  len += strlen(suffix);
+  if (len > max)
+    { max = ((int) (1.2*len)) + 100;
+      if ((cat = (char *) realloc(cat,max+1)) == NULL)
+        { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Out of memory (Making path name for %s)\n",Prog_Name,root);
+          return (NULL);
+        }
+    }
+  sprintf(cat,"%s%s%s%s",path,sep,root,suffix);
+  return (cat);
+}
+
+char *Numbered_Suffix(char *left, int num, char *right)
+{ static char *suffix = NULL;
+  static int   max = -1;
+  int len;
+
+  if (left == NULL || right == NULL)
+    return (NULL);
+  len =  strlen(left);
+  len += strlen(right) + 40;
+  if (len > max)
+    { max = ((int) (1.2*len)) + 100;
+      if ((suffix = (char *) realloc(suffix,max+1)) == NULL)
+        { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Out of memory (Making number suffix for %d)\n",Prog_Name,num);
+          return (NULL);
+        }
+    }
+  sprintf(suffix,"%s%d%s",left,num,right);
+  return (suffix);
+}
+
+
+#define  COMMA  ','
+
+//  Print big integers with commas/periods for better readability
+
+void Print_Number(int64 num, int width, FILE *out)
+{ if (width == 0)
+    { if (num < 1000ll)
+        fprintf(out,"%lld",num);
+      else if (num < 1000000ll)
+        fprintf(out,"%lld%c%03lld",num/1000ll,COMMA,num%1000ll);
+      else if (num < 1000000000ll)
+        fprintf(out,"%lld%c%03lld%c%03lld",num/1000000ll,
+                                           COMMA,(num%1000000ll)/1000ll,COMMA,num%1000ll);
+      else
+        fprintf(out,"%lld%c%03lld%c%03lld%c%03lld",num/1000000000ll,
+                                                   COMMA,(num%1000000000ll)/1000000ll,
+                                                   COMMA,(num%1000000ll)/1000ll,COMMA,num%1000ll);
+    }
+  else
+    { if (num < 1000ll)
+        fprintf(out,"%*lld",width,num);
+      else if (num < 1000000ll)
+        { if (width <= 4)
+            fprintf(out,"%lld%c%03lld",num/1000ll,COMMA,num%1000ll);
+          else
+            fprintf(out,"%*lld%c%03lld",width-4,num/1000ll,COMMA,num%1000ll);
+        }
+      else if (num < 1000000000ll)
+        { if (width <= 8)
+            fprintf(out,"%lld%c%03lld%c%03lld",num/1000000ll,COMMA,(num%1000000ll)/1000ll,
+                                               COMMA,num%1000ll);
+          else
+            fprintf(out,"%*lld%c%03lld%c%03lld",width-8,num/1000000ll,COMMA,(num%1000000ll)/1000ll,
+                                                COMMA,num%1000ll);
+        }
+      else
+        { if (width <= 12)
+            fprintf(out,"%lld%c%03lld%c%03lld%c%03lld",num/1000000000ll,COMMA,
+                                                       (num%1000000000ll)/1000000ll,COMMA,
+                                                       (num%1000000ll)/1000ll,COMMA,num%1000ll);
+          else
+            fprintf(out,"%*lld%c%03lld%c%03lld%c%03lld",width-12,num/1000000000ll,COMMA,
+                                                        (num%1000000000ll)/1000000ll,COMMA,
+                                                        (num%1000000ll)/1000ll,COMMA,num%1000ll);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+//  Return the number of digits, base 10, of num
+
+int  Number_Digits(int64 num)
+{ int digit;
+
+  digit = 0;
+  while (num >= 1)
+    { num /= 10;
+      digit += 1;
+    }
+  return (digit);
+}
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  READ COMPRESSION/DECOMPRESSION UTILITIES
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+//  Compress read into 2-bits per base (from [0-3] per byte representation
+
+void Compress_Read(int len, char *s)
+{ int   i;
+  char  c, d;
+  char *s0, *s1, *s2, *s3;
+
+  s0 = s;
+  s1 = s0+1;
+  s2 = s1+1;
+  s3 = s2+1;
+
+  c = s1[len];
+  d = s2[len];
+  s0[len] = s1[len] = s2[len] = 0;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < len; i += 4)
+    *s++ = (char ) ((s0[i] << 6) | (s1[i] << 4) | (s2[i] << 2) | s3[i]);
+
+  s1[len] = c;
+  s2[len] = d;
+}
+
+//  Uncompress read form 2-bits per base into [0-3] per byte representation
+
+void Uncompress_Read(int len, char *s)
+{ int   i, tlen, byte;
+  char *s0, *s1, *s2, *s3;
+  char *t;
+
+  s0 = s;
+  s1 = s0+1;
+  s2 = s1+1;
+  s3 = s2+1;
+
+  tlen = (len-1)/4;
+
+  t = s+tlen;
+  for (i = tlen*4; i >= 0; i -= 4)
+    { byte = *t--;
+      s0[i] = (char) ((byte >> 6) & 0x3);
+      s1[i] = (char) ((byte >> 4) & 0x3);
+      s2[i] = (char) ((byte >> 2) & 0x3);
+      s3[i] = (char) (byte & 0x3);
+    }
+  s[len] = 4;
+}
+
+//  Convert read in [0-3] representation to ascii representation (end with '\n')
+
+void Lower_Read(char *s)
+{ static char letter[4] = { 'a', 'c', 'g', 't' };
+
+  for ( ; *s != 4; s++)
+    *s = letter[(int) *s];
+  *s = '\0';
+}
+
+void Upper_Read(char *s)
+{ static char letter[4] = { 'A', 'C', 'G', 'T' };
+
+  for ( ; *s != 4; s++)
+    *s = letter[(int) *s];
+  *s = '\0';
+}
+
+//  Convert read in ascii representation to [0-3] representation (end with 4)
+
+void Number_Read(char *s)
+{ static char number[128] =
+    { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+      0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2,
+      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+      0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0,
+      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+      0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2,
+      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+      0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0,
+      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    };
+
+  for ( ; *s != '\0'; s++)
+    *s = number[(int) *s];
+  *s = 4;
+}
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  DB OPEN, TRIM & CLOSE ROUTINES
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+
+// Open the given database or dam, "path" into the supplied HITS_DB record "db". If the name has
+//   a part # in it then just the part is opened.  The index array is allocated (for all or
+//   just the part) and read in.
+// Return status of routine:
+//    -1: The DB could not be opened for a reason reported by the routine to EPLACE
+//     0: Open of DB proceeded without mishap
+//     1: Open of DAM proceeded without mishap
+
+int Open_DB(char* path, HITS_DB *db)
+{ HITS_DB dbcopy;
+  char   *root, *pwd, *bptr, *fptr, *cat;
+  int     nreads;
+  FILE   *index, *dbvis;
+  int     status, plen, isdam;
+  int     part, cutoff, all;
+  int     ufirst, tfirst, ulast, tlast;
+
+  status = -1;
+  dbcopy = *db;
+
+  plen = strlen(path);
+  if (strcmp(path+(plen-4),".dam") == 0)
+    root = Root(path,".dam");
+  else
+    root = Root(path,".db");
+  pwd = PathTo(path);
+
+  bptr = rindex(root,'.');
+  if (bptr != NULL && bptr[1] != '\0' && bptr[1] != '-')
+    { part = strtol(bptr+1,&fptr,10);
+      if (*fptr != '\0' || part == 0)
+        part = 0;
+      else
+        *bptr = '\0';
+    }
+  else
+    part = 0;
+
+  isdam = 0;
+  cat = Catenate(pwd,"/",root,".db");
+  if (cat == NULL)
+    return (-1);
+  if ((dbvis = fopen(cat,"r")) == NULL)
+    { cat = Catenate(pwd,"/",root,".dam");
+      if (cat == NULL)
+        return (-1);
+      if ((dbvis = fopen(cat,"r")) == NULL)
+        { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Could not open database %s\n",Prog_Name,path);
+          goto error;
+        }
+      isdam = 1;
+    }
+
+  if ((index = Fopen(Catenate(pwd,PATHSEP,root,".idx"),"r")) == NULL)
+    goto error1;
+  if (fread(db,sizeof(HITS_DB),1,index) != 1)
+    { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Index file (.idx) of %s is junk\n",Prog_Name,root);
+      goto error2;
+    }
+
+  { int   p, nblocks, nfiles;
+    int64 size;
+    char  fname[MAX_NAME], prolog[MAX_NAME];
+
+    nblocks = 0;
+    if (fscanf(dbvis,DB_NFILE,&nfiles) != 1)
+      { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Stub file (.db) of %s is junk\n",Prog_Name,root);
+        goto error2;
+      }
+    for (p = 0; p < nfiles; p++)
+      if (fscanf(dbvis,DB_FDATA,&tlast,fname,prolog) != 3)
+        { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Stub file (.db) of %s is junk\n",Prog_Name,root);
+          goto error2;
+        }
+    if (fscanf(dbvis,DB_NBLOCK,&nblocks) != 1)
+      if (part == 0)
+        { cutoff = 0;
+          all    = 1;
+        }
+      else
+        { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: DB %s has not yet been partitioned, cannot request a block !\n",
+                         Prog_Name,root);
+          goto error2;
+        }
+    else
+      { if (fscanf(dbvis,DB_PARAMS,&size,&cutoff,&all) != 3)
+          { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Stub file (.db) of %s is junk\n",Prog_Name,root);
+            goto error2;
+          }
+        if (part > nblocks)
+          { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: DB %s has only %d blocks\n",Prog_Name,root,nblocks);
+            goto error2;
+          }
+      }
+
+    if (part > 0)
+      { for (p = 1; p <= part; p++)
+          if (fscanf(dbvis,DB_BDATA,&ufirst,&tfirst) != 2)
+            { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Stub file (.db) of %s is junk\n",Prog_Name,root);
+              goto error2;
+            }
+        if (fscanf(dbvis,DB_BDATA,&ulast,&tlast) != 2)
+          { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Stub file (.db) of %s is junk\n",Prog_Name,root);
+            goto error2;
+          }
+      }
+    else
+      { ufirst = tfirst = 0;
+        ulast  = db->ureads;
+        tlast  = db->treads;
+      }
+  }
+
+  db->trimmed = 0;
+  db->tracks  = NULL;
+  db->part    = part;
+  db->cutoff  = cutoff;
+  db->all     = all;
+  db->ufirst  = ufirst;
+  db->tfirst  = tfirst;
+
+  nreads = ulast-ufirst;
+  if (part <= 0)
+    { db->reads = (HITS_READ *) Malloc(sizeof(HITS_READ)*(nreads+2),"Allocating Open_DB index");
+      db->reads += 1;
+      if (fread(db->reads,sizeof(HITS_READ),nreads,index) != (size_t) nreads)
+        { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Index file (.idx) of %s is junk\n",Prog_Name,root);
+          free(db->reads);
+          goto error2;
+        }
+    }
+  else
+    { HITS_READ *reads;
+      int        i, r, maxlen;
+      int64      totlen;
+
+      reads  = (HITS_READ *) Malloc(sizeof(HITS_READ)*(nreads+2),"Allocating Open_DB index");
+      reads += 1;
+
+      fseeko(index,sizeof(HITS_READ)*ufirst,SEEK_CUR);
+      if (fread(reads,sizeof(HITS_READ),nreads,index) != (size_t) nreads)
+        { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Index file (.idx) of %s is junk\n",Prog_Name,root);
+          free(reads);
+          goto error2;
+        }
+
+      totlen = 0;
+      maxlen = 0;
+      for (i = 0; i < nreads; i++)
+        { r = reads[i].rlen;
+          totlen += r;
+          if (r > maxlen)
+            maxlen = r;
+        }
+
+      db->maxlen = maxlen;
+      db->totlen = totlen;
+      db->reads  = reads;
+    }
+
+  ((int *) (db->reads))[-1] = ulast - ufirst;   //  Kludge, need these for DB part
+  ((int *) (db->reads))[-2] = tlast - tfirst;
+
+  db->nreads = nreads;
+  db->path   = Strdup(Catenate(pwd,PATHSEP,root,""),"Allocating Open_DB path");
+  if (db->path == NULL)
+    goto error2;
+  db->bases  = NULL;
+  db->loaded = 0;
+
+  status = isdam;
+
+error2:
+  fclose(index);
+error1:
+  fclose(dbvis);
+error:
+  if (bptr != NULL)
+    *bptr = '.';
+
+  free(pwd);
+  free(root);
+
+  if (status < 0)
+    *db = dbcopy;
+
+  return (status);
+}
+
+
+// Trim the DB or part thereof and all loaded tracks according to the cuttof and all settings
+//   of the current DB partition.  Reallocate smaller memory blocks for the information kept
+//   for the retained reads.
+
+void Trim_DB(HITS_DB *db)
+{ int         i, j, r;
+  int         allflag, cutoff;
+  int64       totlen;
+  int         maxlen, nreads;
+  HITS_TRACK *record;
+  HITS_READ  *reads;
+
+  if (db->trimmed) return;
+
+  if (db->cutoff <= 0 && db->all) return;
+
+  cutoff = db->cutoff;
+  if (db->all)
+    allflag = 0;
+  else
+    allflag = DB_BEST;
+
+  reads  = db->reads;
+  nreads = db->nreads;
+
+  for (record = db->tracks; record != NULL; record = record->next)
+    if (strcmp(record->name,". at qvs") == 0)
+      { uint16 *table = ((HITS_QV *) record)->table;
+
+        j = 0;
+        for (i = 0; i < db->nreads; i++)
+          if ((reads[i].flags & DB_BEST) >= allflag && reads[i].rlen >= cutoff)
+            table[j++] = table[i];
+      }
+    else
+      { int   *anno4, size;
+        int64 *anno8;
+        char  *anno, *data;
+
+        size = record->size;
+        data = (char *) record->data; 
+        if (data == NULL)
+          { anno = (char *) record->anno;
+            j = 0;
+            for (i = r = 0; i < db->nreads; i++, r += size)
+              if ((reads[i].flags & DB_BEST) >= allflag && reads[i].rlen >= cutoff)
+                { memmove(anno+j,anno+r,size);
+                  j += size;
+                }
+            memmove(anno+j,anno+r,size);
+          }
+        else if (size == 4)
+          { int ai;
+
+            anno4 = (int *) (record->anno);
+            j = anno4[0] = 0;
+            for (i = 0; i < db->nreads; i++)
+              if ((reads[i].flags & DB_BEST) >= allflag && reads[i].rlen >= cutoff)
+                { ai = anno4[i];
+                  anno4[j+1] = anno4[j] + (anno4[i+1]-ai);
+                  memmove(data+anno4[j],data+ai,anno4[i+1]-ai);
+                  j += 1;
+                }
+            record->data = Realloc(record->data,anno4[j],NULL);
+          }
+        else // size == 8
+          { int64 ai;
+
+            anno8 = (int64 *) (record->anno);
+            j = anno8[0] = 0;
+            for (i = 0; i < db->nreads; i++)
+              if ((reads[i].flags & DB_BEST) >= allflag && reads[i].rlen >= cutoff)
+                { ai = anno8[i];
+                  anno8[j+1] = anno8[j] + (anno8[i+1]-ai);
+                  memmove(data+anno8[j],data+ai,anno8[i+1]-ai);
+                  j += 1;
+                }
+            record->data = Realloc(record->data,anno8[j],NULL);
+          }
+        record->anno = Realloc(record->anno,record->size*(j+1),NULL);
+      }
+
+  totlen = maxlen = 0;
+  for (j = i = 0; i < nreads; i++)
+    { r = reads[i].rlen;
+      if ((reads[i].flags & DB_BEST) >= allflag && r >= cutoff)
+        { totlen += r;
+          if (r > maxlen)
+            maxlen = r;
+          reads[j++] = reads[i];
+        }
+    }
+  
+  db->totlen  = totlen;
+  db->maxlen  = maxlen;
+  db->nreads  = j;
+  db->trimmed = 1;
+
+  if (j < nreads)
+    { db->reads = Realloc(reads-1,sizeof(HITS_READ)*(j+2),NULL);
+      db->reads += 1;
+    }
+}
+
+// Shut down an open 'db' by freeing all associated space, including tracks and QV structures, 
+//   and any open file pointers.  The record pointed at by db however remains (the user
+//   supplied it and so should free it).
+
+void Close_DB(HITS_DB *db)
+{ HITS_TRACK *t, *p;
+
+  if (db->loaded)
+    free(((char *) (db->bases)) - 1);
+  else if (db->bases != NULL)
+    fclose((FILE *) db->bases);
+  free(db->reads-1);
+  free(db->path);
+
+  Close_QVs(db);
+
+  for (t = db->tracks; t != NULL; t = p)
+    { p = t->next;
+      free(t->anno);
+      free(t->data);
+      free(t);
+    }
+}
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  QV LOAD & CLOSE ROUTINES
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+HITS_DB *Active_DB = NULL;  //  Last db/qv used by "Load_QVentry"
+HITS_QV *Active_QV;         //    Becomes invalid after closing
+
+int Load_QVs(HITS_DB *db)
+{ FILE        *quiva, *istub, *indx;
+  char        *root;
+  uint16      *table;
+  HITS_QV     *qvtrk;
+  QVcoding    *coding, *nx;
+  int          ncodes;
+
+  if (db->tracks != NULL && strcmp(db->tracks->name,". at qvs") == 0)
+    return (0);
+
+  if (db->trimmed)
+    { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Cannot load QVs after trimming the DB\n",Prog_Name);
+      EXIT(1);
+    }
+
+  if (db->reads[db->nreads-1].coff < 0)
+    { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: The requested QVs have not been added to the DB!\n",Prog_Name);
+      EXIT(1);
+    }
+
+  //  Open .qvs, .idx, and .db files
+
+  quiva = Fopen(Catenate(db->path,"","",".qvs"),"r");
+  if (quiva == NULL)
+    return (-1);
+
+  istub  = NULL;
+  indx   = NULL; 
+  table  = NULL;
+  coding = NULL;
+  qvtrk  = NULL;
+
+  root = rindex(db->path,'/') + 2;
+  istub = Fopen(Catenate(db->path,"/",root,".db"),"r");
+  if (istub == NULL)
+    goto error;
+
+  { int   first, last, nfiles;
+    char  prolog[MAX_NAME], fname[MAX_NAME];
+    int   i, j;
+
+    if (fscanf(istub,DB_NFILE,&nfiles) != 1)
+      { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Stub file (.db) of %s is junk\n",Prog_Name,root);
+        goto error;
+      }
+
+    if (db->part > 0)
+      { int       pfirst, plast;
+        int       fbeg, fend;
+        int       n, k;
+        FILE     *indx;
+
+        //  Determine first how many and which files span the block (fbeg to fend)
+
+        pfirst = db->ufirst;
+        plast  = pfirst + db->nreads;
+
+        first = 0;
+        for (fbeg = 0; fbeg < nfiles; fbeg++)
+          { if (fscanf(istub,DB_FDATA,&last,fname,prolog) != 3)
+              { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Stub file (.db) of %s is junk\n",Prog_Name,root);
+                goto error;
+              }
+            if (last > pfirst)
+              break;
+            first = last;
+          }
+        for (fend = fbeg+1; fend <= nfiles; fend++)
+          { if (last >= plast)
+              break;
+            if (fscanf(istub,DB_FDATA,&last,fname,prolog) != 3)
+              { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Stub file (.db) of %s is junk\n",Prog_Name,root);
+                goto error;
+              }
+            first = last;
+          }
+
+        indx   = Fopen(Catenate(db->path,"","",".idx"),"r");
+        ncodes = fend-fbeg;
+        coding = (QVcoding *) Malloc(sizeof(QVcoding)*ncodes,"Allocating coding schemes");
+        table  = (uint16 *) Malloc(sizeof(uint16)*db->nreads,"Allocating QV table indices");
+        if (indx == NULL || coding == NULL || table == NULL)
+          { ncodes = 0;
+            goto error;
+          }
+
+        //  Carefully get the first coding scheme (its offset is most likely in a HITS_RECORD
+        //    in .idx that is *not* in memory).  Get all the other coding schemes normally and
+        //    assign the tables # for each read in the block in "tables".
+
+        rewind(istub);
+        fscanf(istub,DB_NFILE,&nfiles);
+
+        first = 0;
+        for (n = 0; n < fbeg; n++)
+          { fscanf(istub,DB_FDATA,&last,fname,prolog);
+            first = last;
+          }
+
+        for (n = fbeg; n < fend; n++)
+          { fscanf(istub,DB_FDATA,&last,fname,prolog);
+
+            i = n-fbeg;
+            if (first < pfirst)
+              { HITS_READ read;
+
+                fseeko(indx,sizeof(HITS_DB) + sizeof(HITS_READ)*first,SEEK_SET);
+                if (fread(&read,sizeof(HITS_READ),1,indx) != 1)
+                  { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Index file (.idx) of %s is junk\n",Prog_Name,root);
+                    ncodes = i;
+                    goto error;
+                  }
+                fseeko(quiva,read.coff,SEEK_SET);
+                nx = Read_QVcoding(quiva);
+                if (nx == NULL)
+                  { ncodes = i;
+                    goto error;
+                  }
+                coding[i] = *nx;
+              }
+            else
+              { fseeko(quiva,db->reads[first-pfirst].coff,SEEK_SET);
+                nx = Read_QVcoding(quiva);
+                if (nx == NULL)
+                  { ncodes = i;
+                    goto error;
+                  }
+                coding[i] = *nx;
+                db->reads[first-pfirst].coff = ftello(quiva);
+              }
+
+            j = first-pfirst;
+            if (j < 0)
+              j = 0;
+            k = last-pfirst;
+            if (k > db->nreads)
+              k = db->nreads;
+            while (j < k)
+              table[j++] = (uint16) i;
+
+            first = last;
+	  }
+
+        fclose(indx);
+        indx = NULL;
+      }
+
+    else
+      { //  Load in coding scheme for each file, adjust .coff of first read in the file, and
+        //    record which table each read uses
+
+        ncodes = nfiles;
+        coding = (QVcoding *) Malloc(sizeof(QVcoding)*nfiles,"Allocating coding schemes");
+        table  = (uint16 *) Malloc(sizeof(uint16)*db->nreads,"Allocating QV table indices");
+        if (coding == NULL || table == NULL)
+          goto error;
+  
+        first = 0;
+        for (i = 0; i < nfiles; i++)
+          { if (fscanf(istub,DB_FDATA,&last,fname,prolog) != 3)
+              { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Stub file (.db) of %s is junk\n",Prog_Name,root);
+                goto error;
+              }
+  
+            fseeko(quiva,db->reads[first].coff,SEEK_SET);
+            nx = Read_QVcoding(quiva);
+            if (nx == NULL)
+              { ncodes = i;
+                goto error;
+              }
+            coding[i] = *nx;
+	    db->reads[first].coff = ftello(quiva);
+
+            for (j = first; j < last; j++)
+              table[j] = (uint16) i;
+
+            first = last;
+          }
+      }
+
+    //  Allocate and fill in the HITS_QV record and add it to the front of the
+    //    track list
+
+    qvtrk = (HITS_QV *) Malloc(sizeof(HITS_QV),"Allocating QV pseudo-track");
+    if (qvtrk == NULL)
+      goto error;
+    qvtrk->name   = Strdup(". at qvs","Allocating QV pseudo-track name");
+    if (qvtrk->name == NULL)
+      goto error;
+    qvtrk->next   = db->tracks;
+    db->tracks    = (HITS_TRACK *) qvtrk;
+    qvtrk->ncodes = ncodes;
+    qvtrk->table  = table;
+    qvtrk->coding = coding;
+    qvtrk->quiva  = quiva;
+  }
+
+  fclose(istub);
+  return (0);
+
+error:
+  if (qvtrk != NULL)
+    free(qvtrk);
+  if (table != NULL)
+    free(table);
+  if (coding != NULL)
+    { int i;
+      for (i = 0; i < ncodes; i++)
+        Free_QVcoding(coding+i);
+      free(coding);
+    }
+  if (indx != NULL)
+    fclose(indx);
+  if (istub != NULL)
+    fclose(istub);
+  fclose(quiva);
+  EXIT(1);
+}
+
+// Close the QV stream, free the QV pseudo track and all associated memory
+
+void Close_QVs(HITS_DB *db)
+{ HITS_TRACK *track;
+  HITS_QV    *qvtrk;
+  int         i;
+
+  Active_DB = NULL;
+
+  track = db->tracks;
+  if (track != NULL && strcmp(track->name,". at qvs") == 0)
+    { qvtrk = (HITS_QV *) track;
+      for (i = 0; i < qvtrk->ncodes; i++)
+        Free_QVcoding(qvtrk->coding+i);
+      free(qvtrk->coding);
+      free(qvtrk->table);
+      fclose(qvtrk->quiva);
+      db->tracks = track->next;
+      free(track);
+    }
+  return;
+}
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  TRACK LOAD & CLOSE ROUTINES
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+//  Return status of track:
+//     1: Track is for trimmed DB
+//     0: Track is for untrimmed DB
+//    -1: Track is not the right size of DB either trimmed or untrimmed
+//    -2: Could not find the track 
+
+int Check_Track(HITS_DB *db, char *track)
+{ FILE       *afile;
+  int         tracklen, ispart;
+  int         ureads, treads;
+
+  afile = NULL;
+  if (db->part > 0)
+    { afile  = fopen(Catenate(db->path,Numbered_Suffix(".",db->part,"."),track,".anno"),"r");
+      ispart = 1;
+    }
+  if (afile == NULL)
+    { afile  = fopen(Catenate(db->path,".",track,".anno"),"r");
+      ispart = 0;
+    }
+  if (afile == NULL)
+    return (-2);
+
+  if (fread(&tracklen,sizeof(int),1,afile) != 1)
+    return (-1);
+
+  fclose(afile);
+
+  if (ispart)
+    { ureads = ((int *) (db->reads))[-1];
+      treads = ((int *) (db->reads))[-2];
+    }
+  else
+    { ureads = db->ureads;
+      treads = db->treads;
+    }
+
+  if (tracklen == treads)
+    return (1);
+  else if (tracklen == ureads)
+    return (0);
+  else
+    return (-1);
+}
+
+// If track is not already in the db's track list, then allocate all the storage for it,
+//   read it in from the appropriate file, add it to the track list, and return a pointer
+//   to the newly created HITS_TRACK record.  If the track does not exist or cannot be
+//   opened for some reason, then NULL is returned.
+
+HITS_TRACK *Load_Track(HITS_DB *db, char *track)
+{ FILE       *afile, *dfile;
+  int         tracklen, size;
+  int         nreads, ispart;
+  int         treads, ureads;
+  void       *anno;
+  void       *data;
+  char       *name;
+  HITS_TRACK *record;
+
+  if (track[0] == '.')
+    { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Track name, '%s', cannot begin with a .\n",Prog_Name,track);
+      EXIT(NULL);
+    }
+
+  for (record = db->tracks; record != NULL; record = record->next)
+    if (strcmp(record->name,track) == 0)
+      return (record);
+
+  afile = NULL;
+  if (db->part)
+    { afile  = fopen(Catenate(db->path,Numbered_Suffix(".",db->part,"."),track,".anno"),"r");
+      ispart = 1;
+    }
+  if (afile == NULL)
+    { afile = fopen(Catenate(db->path,".",track,".anno"),"r");
+      ispart = 0;
+    }
+  if (afile == NULL)
+    { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Track '%s' does not exist\n",Prog_Name,track);
+      return (NULL);
+    }
+
+  dfile  = NULL;
+  anno   = NULL;
+  data   = NULL;
+  record = NULL;
+
+  if (ispart)
+    name = Catenate(db->path,Numbered_Suffix(".",db->part,"."),track,".data");
+  else
+    name = Catenate(db->path,".",track,".data");
+  if (name == NULL)
+    goto error;
+  dfile = fopen(name,"r");
+
+  if (fread(&tracklen,sizeof(int),1,afile) != 1)
+    { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Track '%s' annotation file is junk\n",Prog_Name,track);
+      goto error;
+    }
+  if (fread(&size,sizeof(int),1,afile) != 1)
+    { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Track '%s' annotation file is junk\n",Prog_Name,track);
+      goto error;
+    }
+  if (size <= 0)
+    { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Track '%s' annotation file is junk\n",Prog_Name,track);
+      goto error;
+    }
+
+  if (ispart)
+    { ureads = ((int *) (db->reads))[-1];
+      treads = ((int *) (db->reads))[-2];
+    }
+  else
+    { ureads = db->ureads;
+      treads = db->treads;
+    }
+
+  if (db->trimmed)
+    { if (tracklen != treads)
+        { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Track '%s' not same size as database !\n",Prog_Name,track);
+          goto error;
+        }
+      if ( ! ispart && db->part > 0)
+        fseeko(afile,size*db->tfirst,SEEK_CUR);
+    }
+  else
+    { if (tracklen != ureads)
+        { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Track '%s' not same size as database !\n",Prog_Name,track);
+          goto error;
+        }
+      if ( ! ispart && db->part > 0)
+        fseeko(afile,size*db->ufirst,SEEK_CUR);
+    }
+  nreads = db->nreads;
+
+  anno = (void *) Malloc(size*(nreads+1),"Allocating Track Anno Vector");
+  if (anno == NULL)
+    goto error;
+
+  if (dfile != NULL)
+    { int64 *anno8, off8, dlen;
+      int   *anno4, off4;
+      int    i;
+
+      if (fread(anno,size,nreads+1,afile) != (size_t) (nreads+1))
+        { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Track '%s' annotation file is junk\n",Prog_Name,track);
+          goto error;
+        }
+
+      if (size == 4)
+        { anno4 = (int *) anno;
+          off4  = anno4[0];
+          if (off4 != 0)
+            { for (i = 0; i <= nreads; i++)
+                anno4[i] -= off4;
+              fseeko(dfile,off4,SEEK_SET);
+            }
+          dlen = anno4[nreads];
+          data = (void *) Malloc(dlen,"Allocating Track Data Vector");
+        }
+      else
+        { anno8 = (int64 *) anno;
+          off8  = anno8[0];
+          if (off8 != 0)
+            { for (i = 0; i <= nreads; i++)
+                anno8[i] -= off8;
+              fseeko(dfile,off8,SEEK_SET);
+            }
+          dlen = anno8[nreads];
+          data = (void *) Malloc(dlen,"Allocating Track Data Vector");
+        }
+      if (data == NULL)
+        goto error;
+      if (dlen > 0)
+        { if (fread(data,dlen,1,dfile) != 1)
+            { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Track '%s' data file is junk\n",Prog_Name,track);
+              goto error;
+            }
+        }
+      fclose(dfile);
+      dfile = NULL;
+    }
+  else
+    { if (fread(anno,size,nreads,afile) != (size_t) nreads)
+        { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Track '%s' annotation file is junk\n",Prog_Name,track);
+          goto error;
+        }
+      data = NULL;
+    }
+
+  fclose(afile);
+
+  record = (HITS_TRACK *) Malloc(sizeof(HITS_TRACK),"Allocating Track Record");
+  if (record == NULL)
+    goto error;
+  record->name = Strdup(track,"Allocating Track Name");
+  if (record->name == NULL)
+    goto error;
+  record->data = data;
+  record->anno = anno;
+  record->size = size;
+
+  if (db->tracks != NULL && strcmp(db->tracks->name,". at qvs") == 0)
+    { record->next     = db->tracks->next;
+      db->tracks->next = record;
+    }
+  else
+    { record->next = db->tracks;
+      db->tracks   = record;
+    }
+
+  return (record);
+
+error:
+  if (record == NULL)
+    free(record);
+  if (data != NULL)
+    free(data);
+  if (anno != NULL)
+    free(anno);
+  if (dfile != NULL)
+    fclose(dfile);
+  fclose(afile);
+  EXIT (NULL);
+}
+
+void Close_Track(HITS_DB *db, char *track)
+{ HITS_TRACK *record, *prev;
+
+  prev = NULL;
+  for (record = db->tracks; record != NULL; record = record->next)
+    { if (strcmp(record->name,track) == 0)
+        { free(record->anno);
+          free(record->data);
+          free(record->name);
+          if (prev == NULL)
+            db->tracks = record->next;
+          else
+            prev->next = record->next;
+          free(record);
+          return;
+        }
+      prev = record;
+    }
+  return;
+}
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  READ BUFFER ALLOCATION AND READ ACCESS
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+// Allocate and return a buffer big enough for the largest read in 'db', leaving room
+//   for an initial delimiter character
+
+char *New_Read_Buffer(HITS_DB *db)
+{ char *read;
+
+  read = (char *) Malloc(db->maxlen+4,"Allocating New Read Buffer");
+  if (read == NULL)
+    EXIT(NULL);
+  return (read+1);
+}
+
+// Load into 'read' the i'th read in 'db'.  As an upper case ASCII string if ascii is 2, as a
+//   lower-case ASCII string is ascii is 1, and as a numeric string over 0(A), 1(C), 2(G), and
+//   3(T) otherwise.
+//
+// **NB**, the byte before read will be set to a delimiter character!
+
+int Load_Read(HITS_DB *db, int i, char *read, int ascii)
+{ FILE      *bases  = (FILE *) db->bases;
+  int64      off;
+  int        len, clen;
+  HITS_READ *r = db->reads;
+
+  if (i >= db->nreads)
+    { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Index out of bounds (Load_Read)\n",Prog_Name);
+      EXIT(1);
+    }
+  if (bases == NULL)
+    { bases = Fopen(Catenate(db->path,"","",".bps"),"r");
+      if (bases == NULL)
+        EXIT(1);
+      db->bases = (void *) bases;
+    }
+
+  off = r[i].boff;
+  len = r[i].rlen;
+
+  if (ftello(bases) != off)
+    fseeko(bases,off,SEEK_SET);
+  clen = COMPRESSED_LEN(len);
+  if (clen > 0)
+    { if (fread(read,clen,1,bases) != 1)
+        { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Failed read of .bps file (Load_Read)\n",Prog_Name);
+          EXIT(1);
+        }
+    }
+  Uncompress_Read(len,read);
+  if (ascii == 1)
+    { Lower_Read(read);
+      read[-1] = '\0';
+    }
+  else if (ascii == 2)
+    { Upper_Read(read);
+      read[-1] = '\0';
+    }
+  else
+    read[-1] = 4;
+  return (0);
+}
+
+char *Load_Subread(HITS_DB *db, int i, int beg, int end, char *read, int ascii)
+{ FILE      *bases  = (FILE *) db->bases;
+  int64      off;
+  int        len, clen;
+  int        bbeg, bend;
+  HITS_READ *r = db->reads;
+
+  if (i >= db->nreads)
+    { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Index out of bounds (Load_Read)\n",Prog_Name);
+      EXIT(NULL);
+    }
+  if (bases == NULL)
+    { bases = Fopen(Catenate(db->path,"","",".bps"),"r");
+      if (bases == NULL)
+        EXIT(NULL);
+      db->bases = (void *) bases;
+    }
+
+  bbeg = beg/4;
+  bend = (end-1)/4+1;
+
+  off = r[i].boff + bbeg;
+  len = end - beg;
+
+  if (ftello(bases) != off)
+    fseeko(bases,off,SEEK_SET);
+  clen = bend-bbeg;
+  if (clen > 0)
+    { if (fread(read,clen,1,bases) != 1)
+        { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Failed read of .bps file (Load_Read)\n",Prog_Name);
+          EXIT(NULL);
+        }
+    }
+  Uncompress_Read(4*clen,read);
+  read += beg%4;
+  read[len] = 4;
+  if (ascii == 1)
+    { Lower_Read(read);
+      read[-1] = '\0';
+    }
+  else if (ascii == 2)
+    { Upper_Read(read);
+      read[-1] = '\0';
+    }
+  else
+    read[-1] = 4;
+
+  return (read);
+}
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  QV BUFFER ALLOCATION QV READ ACCESS
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+// Allocate and return a buffer of 5 vectors big enough for the largest read in 'db'
+
+char **New_QV_Buffer(HITS_DB *db)
+{ char **entry;
+  char  *qvs;
+  int    i;
+
+  qvs   = (char *) Malloc(db->maxlen*5,"Allocating New QV Buffer");
+  entry = (char **) Malloc(sizeof(char *)*5,"Allocating New QV Buffer");
+  if (qvs == NULL || entry == NULL)
+    EXIT(NULL);
+  for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+    entry[i] = qvs + i*db->maxlen;
+  return (entry);
+}
+
+// Load into entry the QV streams for the i'th read from db.  The parameter ascii applies to
+//  the DELTAG stream as described for Load_Read.
+
+int Load_QVentry(HITS_DB *db, int i, char **entry, int ascii)
+{ HITS_READ *reads;
+  FILE      *quiva;
+  int        rlen;
+
+  if (db != Active_DB)
+    { if (db->tracks == NULL || strcmp(db->tracks->name,". at qvs") != 0)
+        { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: QV's are not loaded (Load_QVentry)\n",Prog_Name);
+          EXIT(1);
+        }
+      Active_QV = (HITS_QV *) db->tracks;
+      Active_DB = db;
+    }
+  if (i >= db->nreads)
+    { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Index out of bounds (Load_QVentry)\n",Prog_Name);
+      EXIT(1);
+    }
+
+  reads = db->reads;
+  quiva = Active_QV->quiva;
+  rlen  = reads[i].rlen;
+
+  fseeko(quiva,reads[i].coff,SEEK_SET);
+  if (Uncompress_Next_QVentry(quiva,entry,Active_QV->coding+Active_QV->table[i],rlen))
+    EXIT(1);
+
+  if (ascii != 1)
+    { char *deltag = entry[1];
+
+      if (ascii != 2)
+        { char x = deltag[rlen];
+          deltag[rlen] = '\0';
+          Number_Read(deltag);
+          deltag[rlen] = x;
+        }
+      else
+        { int j;
+          int u = 'A'-'a';
+
+          for (j = 0; j < rlen; j++)
+            deltag[j] = (char) (deltag[j]+u);
+        }
+    }
+
+  return (0);
+}
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  BLOCK LOAD OF ALL READS (PRIMARILY FOR DALIGNER)
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+// Allocate a block big enough for all the uncompressed sequences, read them into it,
+//   reset the 'off' in each read record to be its in-memory offset, and set the
+//   bases pointer to point at the block after closing the bases file.  If ascii is
+//   non-zero then the reads are converted to ACGT ascii, otherwise the reads are left
+//   as numeric strings over 0(A), 1(C), 2(G), and 3(T).
+
+int Read_All_Sequences(HITS_DB *db, int ascii)
+{ FILE      *bases;
+  int        nreads = db->nreads;
+  HITS_READ *reads = db->reads;
+  void     (*translate)(char *s);
+
+  char  *seq;
+  int64  o, off;
+  int    i, len, clen;
+
+  bases = Fopen(Catenate(db->path,"","",".bps"),"r");
+  if (bases == NULL)
+    EXIT(1);
+
+  seq = (char *) Malloc(db->totlen+nreads+4,"Allocating All Sequence Reads");
+  if (seq == NULL)
+    { fclose(bases);
+      EXIT(1);
+    }
+
+  *seq++ = 4;
+
+  if (ascii == 1)
+    translate = Lower_Read;
+  else
+    translate = Upper_Read;
+
+  o = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < nreads; i++)
+    { len = reads[i].rlen;
+      off = reads[i].boff;
+      if (ftello(bases) != off)
+        fseeko(bases,off,SEEK_SET);
+      clen = COMPRESSED_LEN(len);
+      if (clen > 0)
+        { if (fread(seq+o,clen,1,bases) != 1)
+            { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Read of .bps file failed (Read_All_Sequences)\n",Prog_Name);
+              free(seq);
+              fclose(bases);
+              EXIT(1);
+            }
+        }
+      Uncompress_Read(len,seq+o);
+      if (ascii)
+        translate(seq+o);
+      reads[i].boff = o;
+      o += (len+1);
+    }
+  reads[nreads].boff = o;
+
+  fclose(bases);
+
+  db->bases  = (void *) seq;
+  db->loaded = 1;
+
+  return (0);
+}
+
+int List_DB_Files(char *path, void actor(char *path, char *extension))
+{ int            status, plen, rlen, dlen;
+  char          *root, *pwd, *name;
+  int            isdam;
+  DIR           *dirp;
+  struct dirent *dp;
+
+  status = 0;
+  pwd    = PathTo(path);
+  plen   = strlen(path);
+  if (strcmp(path+(plen-4),".dam") == 0)
+    root = Root(path,".dam");
+  else
+    root = Root(path,".db");
+  rlen = strlen(root);
+
+  if (root == NULL || pwd == NULL)
+    { free(pwd);
+      free(root);
+      EXIT(1);
+    }
+
+  if ((dirp = opendir(pwd)) == NULL)
+    { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Cannot open directory %s (List_DB_Files)\n",Prog_Name,pwd);
+      status = -1;
+      goto error;
+    }
+
+  isdam = 0;
+  while ((dp = readdir(dirp)) != NULL)     //   Get case dependent root name (if necessary)
+    { name = dp->d_name;
+      if (strcmp(name,Catenate("","",root,".db")) == 0)
+        break;
+      if (strcmp(name,Catenate("","",root,".dam")) == 0)
+        { isdam = 1;
+          break;
+        }
+      if (strcasecmp(name,Catenate("","",root,".db")) == 0)
+        { strncpy(root,name,rlen);
+          break;
+        }
+      if (strcasecmp(name,Catenate("","",root,".dam")) == 0)
+        { strncpy(root,name,rlen);
+          isdam = 1;
+          break;
+        }
+    }
+  if (dp == NULL)
+    { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Cannot find %s (List_DB_Files)\n",Prog_Name,pwd);
+      status = -1;
+      closedir(dirp);
+      goto error;
+    }
+
+  if (isdam)
+    actor(Catenate(pwd,"/",root,".dam"),"dam");
+  else
+    actor(Catenate(pwd,"/",root,".db"),"db");
+
+  rewinddir(dirp);                         //   Report each auxiliary file
+  while ((dp = readdir(dirp)) != NULL)
+    { name = dp->d_name;
+      dlen = strlen(name);
+#ifdef HIDE_FILES
+      if (name[0] != '.')
+        continue;
+      dlen -= 1;
+      name += 1;
+#endif
+      if (dlen < rlen+1)
+        continue;
+      if (name[rlen] != '.')
+        continue;
+      if (strncmp(name,root,rlen) != 0)
+        continue;
+      actor(Catenate(pwd,PATHSEP,name,""),name+(rlen+1));
+    }
+  closedir(dirp);
+
+error:
+  free(pwd);
+  free(root);
+  return (status);
+}
+
+void Print_Read(char *s, int width)
+{ int i;
+
+  if (s[0] < 4)
+    { for (i = 0; s[i] != 4; i++)
+        { if (i%width == 0 && i != 0)
+            printf("\n");
+          printf("%d",s[i]);
+        }
+      printf("\n");
+    }
+  else
+    { for (i = 0; s[i] != '\0'; i++)
+        { if (i%width == 0 && i != 0)
+            printf("\n");
+          printf("%c",s[i]);
+        }
+      printf("\n");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/DB.h b/DB.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..567a91a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/DB.h
@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+/************************************************************************************\
+*                                                                                    *
+* Copyright (c) 2014, Dr. Eugene W. Myers (EWM). All rights reserved.                *
+*                                                                                    *
+* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,   *
+* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this     *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.                                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this  *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or     *
+*    other materials provided with the distribution.                                 *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · The name of EWM may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from     *
+*    this software without specific prior written permission.                        *
+*                                                                                    *
+* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY EWM ”AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,    *
+* INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND       *
+* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL EWM BE LIABLE   *
+* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES *
+* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS  *
+* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY      *
+* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING     *
+* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN  *
+* IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+* For any issues regarding this software and its use, contact EWM at:                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*   Eugene W. Myers Jr.                                                              *
+*   Bautzner Str. 122e                                                               *
+*   01099 Dresden                                                                    *
+*   GERMANY                                                                          *
+*   Email: gene.myers at gmail.com                                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+\************************************************************************************/
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Compressed data base module.  Auxiliary routines to open and manipulate a data base for
+ *    which the sequence and read information are separated into two separate files, and the
+ *    sequence is compressed into 2-bits for each base.  Support for tracks of additional
+ *    information, and trimming according to the current partition.  Eventually will also
+ *    support compressed quality information. 
+ *
+ *  Author :  Gene Myers
+ *  Date   :  July 2013
+ *  Revised:  April 2014
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef _HITS_DB
+
+#define _HITS_DB
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "QV.h"
+
+#define HIDE_FILES          //  Auxiliary DB files start with a . so they are "hidden"
+                            //    Undefine if you don't want this
+
+//  For interactive applications where it is inappropriate to simply exit with an error
+//    message to standard error, define the constant INTERACTIVE.  If set, then error
+//    messages are put in the global variable Ebuffer and the caller of a DB routine
+//    can decide how to deal with the error.
+//
+//  DB, QV, or alignment routines that can encounter errors function as before in
+//    non-INTERACTIVE mode by exiting after printing an error message to stderr.  In
+//    INTERACTIVE mode the routines place a message at EPLACE and return an error
+//    value.  For such routines that were previously void, they are now int, and
+//    return 1 if an error occured, 0 otherwise.
+
+#undef INTERACTIVE
+
+#ifdef INTERACTIVE
+
+#define EPRINTF sprintf
+#define EPLACE  Ebuffer
+#define EXIT(x) return (x)
+
+#else // BATCH
+
+#define EPRINTF fprintf
+#define EPLACE  stderr
+#define EXIT(x) exit (1)
+
+#endif
+
+typedef unsigned char      uint8;
+typedef unsigned short     uint16;
+typedef unsigned int       uint32;
+typedef unsigned long long uint64;
+typedef signed char        int8;
+typedef signed short       int16;
+typedef signed int         int32;
+typedef signed long long   int64;
+typedef float              float32;
+typedef double             float64;
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  COMMAND LINE INTERPRETATION MACROS
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+extern char *Prog_Name;   //  Name of program
+
+#ifdef INTERACTIVE
+
+extern char Ebuffer[];
+
+#endif
+
+#define SYSTEM_ERROR							\
+  { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: System error, read failed!\n",Prog_Name);	\
+    exit (2);								\
+  }
+
+#define ARG_INIT(name)                  \
+  Prog_Name = Strdup(name,"");          \
+  for (i = 0; i < 128; i++)             \
+    flags[i] = 0;
+
+#define ARG_FLAGS(set)                                                                  \
+  for (k = 1; argv[i][k] != '\0'; k++)                                                  \
+    { if (index(set,argv[i][k]) == NULL)                                                \
+        { fprintf(stderr,"%s: -%c is an illegal option\n",Prog_Name,argv[i][k]);        \
+          exit (1);                                                                     \
+        }                                                                               \
+      flags[(int) argv[i][k]] = 1;                                                      \
+    }
+
+#define ARG_POSITIVE(var,name)                                                          \
+  var = strtol(argv[i]+2,&eptr,10);                                                     \
+  if (*eptr != '\0' || argv[i][2] == '\0')                                              \
+    { fprintf(stderr,"%s: -%c argument is not an integer\n",Prog_Name,argv[i][1]);      \
+      exit (1);                                                                         \
+    }                                                                                   \
+  if (var <= 0)                                                                         \
+    { fprintf(stderr,"%s: %s must be positive (%d)\n",Prog_Name,name,var);              \
+      exit (1);                                                                         \
+    }
+
+#define ARG_NON_NEGATIVE(var,name)                                                      \
+  var = strtol(argv[i]+2,&eptr,10);                                                     \
+  if (*eptr != '\0' || argv[i][2] == '\0')                                              \
+    { fprintf(stderr,"%s: -%c argument is not an integer\n",Prog_Name,argv[i][1]);      \
+      exit (1);                                                                         \
+    }                                                                                   \
+  if (var < 0)	                                                                        \
+    { fprintf(stderr,"%s: %s must be non-negative (%d)\n",Prog_Name,name,var);          \
+      exit (1);                                                                         \
+    }
+
+#define ARG_REAL(var)                                                                   \
+  var = strtod(argv[i]+2,&eptr);                                                        \
+  if (*eptr != '\0' || argv[i][2] == '\0')                                              \
+    { fprintf(stderr,"%s: -%c argument is not a real number\n",Prog_Name,argv[i][1]);   \
+      exit (1);                                                                         \
+    }
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  UTILITIES
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+//  The following general utilities return NULL if any of their input pointers are NULL, or if they
+//    could not perform their function (in which case they also print an error to stderr).
+
+void *Malloc(int64 size, char *mesg);                    //  Guarded versions of malloc, realloc
+void *Realloc(void *object, int64 size, char *mesg);     //  and strdup, that output "mesg" to
+char *Strdup(char *string, char *mesg);                  //  stderr if out of memory
+
+FILE *Fopen(char *path, char *mode);     // Open file path for "mode"
+char *PathTo(char *path);                // Return path portion of file name "path"
+char *Root(char *path, char *suffix);    // Return the root name, excluding suffix, of "path"
+
+// Catenate returns concatenation of path.sep.root.suffix in a *temporary* buffer
+// Numbered_Suffix returns concatenation of left.<num>.right in a *temporary* buffer
+
+char *Catenate(char *path, char *sep, char *root, char *suffix);
+char *Numbered_Suffix(char *left, int num, char *right);
+
+
+// DB-related utilities
+
+void Print_Number(int64 num, int width, FILE *out);   //  Print readable big integer
+int  Number_Digits(int64 num);                        //  Return # of digits in printed number
+
+#define COMPRESSED_LEN(len)  (((len)+3) >> 2)
+
+void   Compress_Read(int len, char *s);   //  Compress read in-place into 2-bit form
+void Uncompress_Read(int len, char *s);   //  Uncompress read in-place into numeric form
+void      Print_Read(char *s, int width);
+
+void Lower_Read(char *s);     //  Convert read from numbers to lowercase letters (0-3 to acgt)
+void Upper_Read(char *s);     //  Convert read from numbers to uppercase letters (0-3 to ACGT)
+void Number_Read(char *s);    //  Convert read from letters to numbers
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  DB IN-CORE DATA STRUCTURES
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+#define DB_QV   0x03ff   //  Mask for 3-digit quality value
+#define DB_CSS  0x0400   //  This is the second or later of a group of reads from a given insert
+#define DB_BEST 0x0800   //  This is the longest read of a given insert (may be the only 1)
+
+typedef struct
+  { int     origin; //  Well #
+    int     rlen;   //  Length of the sequence (Last pulse = fpulse + rlen)
+    int     fpulse; //  First pulse
+    int64   boff;   //  Offset (in bytes) of compressed read in 'bases' file, or offset of
+                    //    uncompressed bases in memory block
+    int64   coff;   //  Offset (in bytes) of compressed quiva streams in 'quiva' file
+    int     flags;  //  QV of read + flags above
+  } HITS_READ;
+
+//  A track can be of 3 types:
+//    data == NULL: there are nreads 'anno' records of size 'size'.
+//    data != NULL && size == 4: anno is an array of nreads+1 int's and data[anno[i]..anno[i+1])
+//                                    contains the variable length data
+//    data != NULL && size == 8: anno is an array of nreads+1 int64's and data[anno[i]..anno[i+1])
+//                                    contains the variable length data
+
+typedef struct _track
+  { struct _track *next;  //  Link to next track
+    char          *name;  //  Symbolic name of track
+    int            size;  //  Size in bytes of anno records
+    void          *anno;  //  over [0,nreads]: read i annotation: int, int64, or 'size' records 
+    void          *data;  //     data[anno[i] .. anno[i+1]-1] is data if data != NULL
+  } HITS_TRACK;
+
+//  The information for accessing QV streams is in a HITS_QV record that is a "pseudo-track"
+//    named ". at qvs" and is always the first track record in the list (if present).  Since normal
+//    track names cannot begin with a . (this is enforced), this pseudo-track is never confused
+//    with a normal track.
+
+typedef struct
+  { struct _track *next;
+    char          *name;
+    int            ncodes;  //  # of coding tables
+    QVcoding      *coding;  //  array [0..ncodes-1] of coding schemes (see QV.h)
+    uint16        *table;   //  for i in [0,db->nreads-1]: read i should be decompressed with
+                            //    scheme coding[table[i]]
+    FILE          *quiva;   //  the open file pointer to the .qvs file
+  } HITS_QV;
+
+//  The DB record holds all information about the current state of an active DB including an
+//    array of HITS_READS, one per read, and a linked list of HITS_TRACKs the first of which
+//    is always a HITS_QV pseudo-track (if the QVs have been loaded).
+
+typedef struct
+  { int         ureads;     //  Total number of reads in untrimmed DB
+    int         treads;     //  Total number of reads in trimmed DB
+    int         cutoff;     //  Minimum read length in block (-1 if not yet set)
+    int         all;        //  Consider multiple reads from a given well
+    float       freq[4];    //  frequency of A, C, G, T, respectively
+
+    //  Set with respect to "active" part of DB (all vs block, untrimmed vs trimmed)
+
+    int         maxlen;     //  length of maximum read (initially over all DB)
+    int64       totlen;     //  total # of bases (initially over all DB)
+
+    int         nreads;     //  # of reads in actively loaded portion of DB
+    int         trimmed;    //  DB has been trimmed by cutoff/all
+    int         part;       //  DB block (if > 0), total DB (if == 0)
+    int         ufirst;     //  Index of first read in block (without trimming)
+    int         tfirst;     //  Index of first read in block (with trimming)
+
+       //  In order to avoid forcing users to have to rebuild all thier DBs to accommodate
+       //    the addition of fields for the size of the actively loaded trimmed and untrimmed
+       //    blocks, an additional read record is allocated in "reads" when a DB is loaded into
+       //    memory (reads[-1]) and the two desired fields are crammed into the first two
+       //    integer spaces of the record.
+
+    char       *path;       //  Root name of DB for .bps, .qvs, and tracks
+    int         loaded;     //  Are reads loaded in memory?
+    void       *bases;      //  file pointer for bases file (to fetch reads from),
+                            //    or memory pointer to uncompressed block of all sequences.
+    HITS_READ  *reads;      //  Array [-1..nreads] of HITS_READ
+    HITS_TRACK *tracks;     //  Linked list of loaded tracks
+  } HITS_DB; 
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  DB STUB FILE FORMAT = NFILE FDATA^nfile NBLOCK PARAMS BDATA^nblock
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+#define MAX_NAME 10000      //  Longest file name or fasta header line
+
+#define DB_NFILE  "files = %9d\n"   //  number of files
+#define DB_FDATA  "  %9d %s %s\n"   //  last read index + 1, fasta prolog, file name
+#define DB_NBLOCK "blocks = %9d\n"  //  number of blocks
+#define DB_PARAMS "size = %9lld cutoff = %9d all = %1d\n"  //  block size, len cutoff, all in well
+#define DB_BDATA  " %9d %9d\n"      //  First read index (untrimmed), first read index (trimmed)
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  DB ROUTINES
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+  // Suppose DB is the name of an original database.  Then there will be files .DB.idx, .DB.bps,
+  //    .DB.qvs, and files .DB.<track>.anno and DB.<track>.data where <track> is a track name
+  //    (not containing a . !).
+
+  // A DAM is basically a DB except that:
+  //    1. there are no QV's, instead .coff points the '\0' terminated fasta header of the read
+  //          in the file .<dam>.hdr file
+  //    2. .origin contains the contig # of the read within a fasta entry (assembly sequences
+  //          contain N-separated contigs), and .fpulse the first base of the contig in the
+  //          fasta entry
+
+  // Open the given database or dam, "path" into the supplied HITS_DB record "db". If the name has
+  //   a part # in it then just the part is opened.  The index array is allocated (for all or
+  //   just the part) and read in.
+  // Return status of routine:
+  //    -1: The DB could not be opened for a reason reported by the routine to EPLACE
+  //     0: Open of DB proceeded without mishap
+  //     1: Open of DAM proceeded without mishap
+
+int Open_DB(char *path, HITS_DB *db);
+
+  // Trim the DB or part thereof and all loaded tracks according to the cutoff and all settings
+  //   of the current DB partition.  Reallocate smaller memory blocks for the information kept
+  //   for the retained reads.
+
+void Trim_DB(HITS_DB *db);
+
+  // Shut down an open 'db' by freeing all associated space, including tracks and QV structures,
+  //   and any open file pointers.  The record pointed at by db however remains (the user
+  //   supplied it and so should free it).
+
+void Close_DB(HITS_DB *db);
+
+  // If QV pseudo track is not already in db's track list, then load it and set it up.
+  //   The database must not have been trimmed yet.  -1 is returned if a .qvs file is not
+  //   present, and 1 is returned if an error (reported to EPLACE) occured and INTERACTIVE
+  //   is defined.  Otherwise a 0 is returned.
+
+int Load_QVs(HITS_DB *db);
+
+  // Remove the QV pseudo track, all space associated with it, and close the .qvs file.
+
+void Close_QVs(HITS_DB *db);
+
+  // Look up the file and header in the file of the indicated track.  Return:
+  //     1: Track is for trimmed DB
+  //     0: Track is for untrimmed DB
+  //    -1: Track is not the right size of DB either trimmed or untrimmed
+  //    -2: Could not find the track
+
+int Check_Track(HITS_DB *db, char *track);
+
+  // If track is not already in the db's track list, then allocate all the storage for it,
+  //   read it in from the appropriate file, add it to the track list, and return a pointer
+  //   to the newly created HITS_TRACK record.  If the track does not exist or cannot be
+  //   opened for some reason, then NULL is returned if INTERACTIVE is defined.  Otherwise
+  //   the routine prints an error message to stderr and exits if an error occurs, and returns
+  //   with NULL only if the track does not exist.
+
+HITS_TRACK *Load_Track(HITS_DB *db, char *track);
+
+  // If track is on the db's track list, then it is removed and all storage associated with it
+  //   is freed.
+
+void Close_Track(HITS_DB *db, char *track);
+
+  // Allocate and return a buffer big enough for the largest read in 'db'.
+  // **NB** free(x-1) if x is the value returned as *prefix* and suffix '\0'(4)-byte
+  // are needed by the alignment algorithms.  If cannot allocate memory then return NULL
+  // if INTERACTIVE is defined, or print error to stderr and exit otherwise.
+
+char *New_Read_Buffer(HITS_DB *db);
+
+  // Load into 'read' the i'th read in 'db'.  As a lower case ascii string if ascii is 1, an
+  //   upper case ascii string if ascii is 2, and a numeric string over 0(A), 1(C), 2(G), and 3(T)
+  //   otherwise.  A '\0' (or 4) is prepended and appended to the string so it has a delimeter
+  //   for traversals in either direction.  A non-zero value is returned if an error occured
+  //   and INTERACTIVE is defined.
+
+int  Load_Read(HITS_DB *db, int i, char *read, int ascii);
+
+  // Load into 'read' the subread [beg,end] of the i'th read in 'db' and return a pointer to the
+  //   the start of the subinterval (not necessarily = to read !!! ).  As a lower case ascii
+  //   string if ascii is 1, an upper case ascii string if ascii is 2, and a numeric string
+  //   over 0(A), 1(C), 2(G), and 3(T) otherwise.  A '\0' (or 4) is prepended and appended to
+  //   the string holding the substring so it has a delimeter for traversals in either direction.
+  //   A NULL pointer is returned if an error occured and INTERACTIVE is defined.
+
+char *Load_Subread(HITS_DB *db, int i, int beg, int end, char *read, int ascii);
+
+  // Allocate a set of 5 vectors large enough to hold the longest QV stream that will occur
+  //   in the database.  If cannot allocate memory then return NULL if INTERACTIVE is defined,
+  //   or print error to stderr and exit otherwise.
+
+#define DEL_QV  0   //  The deletion QVs are x[DEL_QV] if x is the buffer returned by New_QV_Buffer
+#define DEL_TAG 1   //  The deleted characters
+#define INS_QV  2   //  The insertion QVs
+#define SUB_QV  3   //  The substitution QVs
+#define MRG_QV  4   //  The merge QVs
+
+char **New_QV_Buffer(HITS_DB *db);
+
+  // Load into 'entry' the 5 QV vectors for i'th read in 'db'.  The deletion tag or characters
+  //   are converted to a numeric or upper/lower case ascii string as per ascii.  Return with
+  //   a zero, except when an error occurs and INTERACTIVE is defined in which case return wtih 1.
+
+int   Load_QVentry(HITS_DB *db, int i, char **entry, int ascii);
+
+  // Allocate a block big enough for all the uncompressed sequences, read them into it,
+  //   reset the 'off' in each read record to be its in-memory offset, and set the
+  //   bases pointer to point at the block after closing the bases file.  If ascii is
+  //   1 then the reads are converted to lowercase ascii, if 2 then uppercase ascii, and
+  //   otherwise the reads are left as numeric strings over 0(A), 1(C), 2(G), and 3(T).
+  //   Return with a zero, except when an error occurs and INTERACTIVE is defined in which
+  //   case return wtih 1.
+
+int Read_All_Sequences(HITS_DB *db, int ascii);
+
+  // For the DB or DAM "path" = "prefix/root[.db|.dam]", find all the files for that DB, i.e. all
+  //   those of the form "prefix/[.]root.part" and call actor with the complete path to each file
+  //   pointed at by path, and the suffix of the path by extension.  The . proceeds the root
+  //   name if the defined constant HIDE_FILES is set.  Always the first call is with the
+  //   path "prefix/root.db" and extension "db".  There will always be calls for
+  //   "prefix/[.]root.idx" and "prefix/[.]root.bps".  All other calls are for *tracks* and
+  //   so this routine gives one a way to know all the tracks associated with a given DB.
+  //   -1 is returned if the path could not be found, and 1 is returned if an error (reported
+  //   to EPLACE) occured and INTERACTIVE is defined.  Otherwise a 0 is returned.
+
+int List_DB_Files(char *path, void actor(char *path, char *extension));
+
+#endif // _HITS_DB
diff --git a/HPCdaligner.c b/HPCdaligner.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67ddaff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/HPCdaligner.c
@@ -0,0 +1,580 @@
+/************************************************************************************\
+*                                                                                    *
+* Copyright (c) 2014, Dr. Eugene W. Myers (EWM). All rights reserved.                *
+*                                                                                    *
+* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,   *
+* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this     *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.                                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this  *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or     *
+*    other materials provided with the distribution.                                 *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · The name of EWM may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from     *
+*    this software without specific prior written permission.                        *
+*                                                                                    *
+* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY EWM ”AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,    *
+* INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND       *
+* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL EWM BE LIABLE   *
+* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES *
+* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS  *
+* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY      *
+* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING     *
+* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN  *
+* IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+* For any issues regarding this software and its use, contact EWM at:                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*   Eugene W. Myers Jr.                                                              *
+*   Bautzner Str. 122e                                                               *
+*   01099 Dresden                                                                    *
+*   GERMANY                                                                          *
+*   Email: gene.myers at gmail.com                                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+\************************************************************************************/
+
+/*********************************************************************************************\
+ *
+ *  Produce a script to compute overlaps for all block pairs of a DB, and then sort and merge
+ *    them into as many .las files as their are blocks.
+ *
+ *  Author:  Gene Myers
+ *  Date  :  June 1, 2014
+ *
+ *********************************************************************************************/
+ 
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include "DB.h"
+#include "filter.h"
+
+#undef  LSF  //  define if want a directly executable LSF script
+
+static char *Usage[] =
+  { "[-vbAI] [-k<int(14)>] [-w<int(6)>] [-h<int(35)>] [-t<int>] [-M<int>]",
+    "        [-e<double(.70)] [-l<int(1000)>] [-s<int(100)] [-H<int>]",
+    "        [-m<track>]+ [-dal<int(4)>] [-deg<int(25)>]",
+    "        <path:db|dam> [<block:int>[-<range:int>]"
+  };
+
+static int power(int base, int exp)
+{ int i, pow;
+
+  pow = 1;
+  for (i = 0; i < exp; i++)
+    pow *= base;
+  return (pow);
+}
+
+#define LSF_ALIGN "bsub -q medium -n 4 -o ALIGN.out -e ALIGN.err -R span[hosts=1] -J align#%d"
+#define LSF_MERGE "bsub -q short -n 12 -o MERGE.out -e MERGE.err -R span[hosts=1] -J merge#%d"
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{ int   nblocks;
+  int   useblock;
+  int   fblock, lblock;
+#ifdef LSF
+  int   jobid;
+#endif
+
+  char *pwd, *root;
+
+  int    MUNIT, DUNIT;
+  int    VON, BON, AON, ION;
+  int    WINT, TINT, HGAP, HINT, KINT, SINT, LINT, MINT;
+  double EREL;
+  int    MMAX, MTOP;
+  char **MASK;
+
+  { int    i, j, k;         //  Process options
+    int    flags[128];
+    char  *eptr;
+
+    ARG_INIT("HPCdaligner")
+
+    DUNIT = 4;
+    MUNIT = 25;
+    KINT  = 14;
+    WINT  = 6;
+    HINT  = 35;
+    TINT  = 0;
+    HGAP  = 0;
+    EREL  = 0.;
+    LINT  = 1000;
+    SINT  = 100;
+    MINT  = -1;
+
+    MTOP = 0;
+    MMAX = 10;
+    MASK = (char **) Malloc(MMAX*sizeof(char *),"Allocating mask track array");
+    if (MASK == NULL)
+      exit (1);
+
+    j = 1;
+    for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+      if (argv[i][0] == '-')
+        switch (argv[i][1])
+        { default:
+            ARG_FLAGS("vbAI");
+            break;
+          case 'k':
+            ARG_POSITIVE(KINT,"K-mer length")
+            break;
+          case 'w':
+            ARG_POSITIVE(WINT,"Log of bin width")
+            break;
+          case 'h':
+            ARG_POSITIVE(HINT,"Hit threshold (in bp.s)")
+            break;
+          case 't':
+            ARG_POSITIVE(TINT,"Tuple suppression frequency")
+            break;
+          case 'H':
+            ARG_POSITIVE(HGAP,"HGAP threshold (in bp.s)")
+            break;
+          case 'e':
+            ARG_REAL(EREL)
+            if (EREL < .7 || EREL >= 1.)
+              { fprintf(stderr,"%s: Average correlation must be in [.7,1.) (%g)\n",Prog_Name,EREL);
+                exit (1);
+              }
+            break;
+          case 'l':
+            ARG_POSITIVE(LINT,"Minimum ovlerap length")
+            break;
+          case 's':
+            ARG_POSITIVE(SINT,"Trace spacing")
+            break;
+          case 'M':
+            ARG_NON_NEGATIVE(MINT,"Memory allocation (in Gb)")
+            break;
+          case 'm':
+            if (MTOP >= MMAX)
+              { MMAX = 1.2*MTOP + 10;
+                MASK = (char **) Realloc(MASK,MMAX*sizeof(char *),"Reallocating mask track array");
+                if (MASK == NULL)
+                  exit (1);
+              }
+            MASK[MTOP++] = argv[i]+2;
+            break;
+          case 'd':
+            if (argv[i][2] == 'e' && argv[i][3] == 'g')
+              { MUNIT = strtol(argv[i]+4,&eptr,10);
+                if (*eptr != '\0' || argv[i][4] == '\0')
+                  { fprintf(stderr,"%s: -mrg argument is not an integer\n",Prog_Name);
+                    exit (1);
+                  }
+                if (MUNIT <= 0)
+                  { fprintf(stderr,"%s: Files per merge must be positive (%d)\n",
+                                   Prog_Name,MUNIT);
+                    exit (1);
+                  }
+                if (MUNIT < 3)
+                  { fprintf(stderr,"%s: Files per merge must be at least 3 (%d)\n",
+                                   Prog_Name,MUNIT);
+                    exit (1);
+                  }
+              }
+            else if (argv[i][2] == 'a' && argv[i][3] == 'l')
+              { DUNIT = strtol(argv[i]+4,&eptr,10);
+                if (*eptr != '\0' || argv[i][4] == '\0')
+                  { fprintf(stderr,"%s: -dal argument is not an integer\n",Prog_Name);
+                    exit (1);
+                  }
+                if (DUNIT <= 0)
+                  { fprintf(stderr,"%s: Blocks per daligner call must be positive (%d)\n",
+                                   Prog_Name,DUNIT);
+                    exit (1);
+                  }
+              }
+            else
+              { fprintf(stderr,"%s: -%.3s is an illegal option\n",Prog_Name,argv[i]+1);
+                exit (1);
+              }
+            break;
+        }
+      else
+        argv[j++] = argv[i];
+    argc = j;
+
+    VON = flags['v'];
+    BON = flags['b'];
+    AON = flags['A'];
+    ION = flags['I'];
+
+    if (argc < 2 || argc > 3)
+      { fprintf(stderr,"Usage: %s %s\n",Prog_Name,Usage[0]);
+        fprintf(stderr,"       %*s %s\n",(int) strlen(Prog_Name),"",Usage[1]);
+        fprintf(stderr,"       %*s %s\n",(int) strlen(Prog_Name),"",Usage[2]);
+        fprintf(stderr,"       %*s %s\n",(int) strlen(Prog_Name),"",Usage[3]);
+        exit (1);
+      }
+  }
+
+  //  Make sure DB exists and is partitioned, get number of blocks in partition
+
+  pwd = PathTo(argv[1]);
+  if (strcmp(argv[1]+(strlen(argv[1])-4),".dam") == 0)
+    root = Root(argv[1],".dam");
+  else
+    root = Root(argv[1],".db");
+
+  { int i, nfiles;
+    FILE *dbvis;
+
+    dbvis = fopen(Catenate(pwd,"/",root,".dam"),"r");
+    if (dbvis == NULL)
+      { dbvis = Fopen(Catenate(pwd,"/",root,".db"),"r");
+        if (dbvis == NULL)
+          exit (1);
+      }
+
+    if (fscanf(dbvis,"files = %d\n",&nfiles) != 1)
+      SYSTEM_ERROR
+    for (i = 0; i < nfiles; i++)
+      { char buffer[30001];
+
+        if (fgets(buffer,30000,dbvis) == NULL)
+          SYSTEM_ERROR
+      }
+
+    useblock = 1;
+    if (fscanf(dbvis,"blocks = %d\n",&nblocks) != 1)
+      { useblock = 0;
+        nblocks  = 1;
+      }
+  }
+
+  //  Set range fblock-lblock checking that DB.<fblock-1>.las exists & DB.<fblock>.las does not
+
+  { char *eptr, *fptr;
+    FILE *file;
+
+    if (argc == 3)
+      { fblock = strtol(argv[2],&eptr,10);
+        if (*eptr != '\0' && *eptr != '-')
+          { fprintf(stderr,"%s: final argument '%s' does not start with an integer\n",
+                           Prog_Name,argv[2]);
+            exit (1);
+          }
+        if (*eptr == '-')
+          { lblock = strtol(eptr+1,&fptr,10);
+            if (*fptr != '\0')
+              { fprintf(stderr,"%s: second part of range '%s' is not an integer\n",
+                               Prog_Name,eptr+1);
+                exit (1);
+              }
+          }
+        else
+          lblock = fblock;
+        if (fblock < 1 || lblock > nblocks || fblock > lblock)
+          { fprintf(stderr,"%s: range %d-%d is empty or out of bounds\n",Prog_Name,fblock,lblock);
+            exit (1);
+          }
+      }
+    else
+      { fblock = 1;
+        lblock = nblocks;
+      }
+
+    if (fblock > 1)
+      { file = fopen(Catenate(root,Numbered_Suffix(".",fblock-1,".las"),"",""),"r");
+        if (file == NULL)
+          { fprintf(stderr,"%s: File %s.%d.las should already be present!\n",
+                           Prog_Name,root,fblock-1);
+            exit (1);
+          }
+        else
+          fclose(file);
+      }
+    file = fopen(Catenate(root,Numbered_Suffix(".",fblock,".las"),"",""),"r");
+    if (file != NULL)
+      { fprintf(stderr,"%s: File %s.%d.las should not yet exist!\n",
+                       Prog_Name,root,fblock);
+        exit (1);
+      }
+  }
+
+  { int level, njobs;
+    int i, j, k;
+    int usepath;
+
+    //  Produce all necessary daligner jobs ...
+
+    usepath = (strcmp(pwd,".") != 0);
+
+    njobs = 0;
+    for (i = fblock; i <= lblock; i++)
+      njobs += (i-1)/DUNIT+1;
+
+    printf("# Daligner jobs (%d)\n",njobs);
+
+#ifdef LSF
+    jobid = 1;
+#endif
+    for (i = fblock; i <= lblock; i++)
+      { int bits;
+        int low, hgh;
+
+        bits = (i-1)/DUNIT+1;
+        low  = 1;
+        for (j = 1; j <= bits; j++)
+          {
+#ifdef LSF
+            printf(LSF_ALIGN,jobid++);
+            printf(" \"");
+#endif
+            printf("daligner");
+            if (VON)
+              printf(" -v");
+            if (BON)
+              printf(" -b");
+            if (AON)
+              printf(" -A");
+            if (ION)
+              printf(" -I");
+            if (KINT != 14)
+              printf(" -k%d",KINT);
+            if (WINT != 6)
+              printf(" -w%d",WINT);
+            if (HINT != 35)
+              printf(" -h%d",HINT);
+            if (TINT > 0)
+              printf(" -t%d",TINT);
+            if (HGAP > 0)
+              printf(" -H%d",HGAP);
+            if (EREL > .1)
+              printf(" -e%g",EREL);
+            if (LINT != 1000)
+              printf(" -l%d",LINT);
+            if (SINT != 100)
+              printf(" -s%d",SINT);
+            if (MINT >= 0)
+              printf(" -M%d",MINT);
+            for (k = 0; k < MTOP; k++)
+              printf(" -m%s",MASK[k]);
+            if (useblock)
+              if (usepath)
+                printf(" %s/%s.%d",pwd,root,i);
+              else
+                printf(" %s.%d",root,i);
+            else
+              if (usepath)
+                printf(" %s/%s",pwd,root);
+              else
+                printf(" %s",root);
+            hgh = (i*j)/bits + 1;
+            for (k = low; k < hgh; k++)
+              if (useblock)
+                if (usepath)
+                  printf(" %s/%s.%d",pwd,root,k);
+                else
+                  printf(" %s.%d",root,k);
+              else
+                if (usepath)
+                  printf(" %s/%s",pwd,root);
+                else
+                  printf(" %s",root);
+#ifdef LSF
+            printf("\"");
+#endif
+            printf("\n");
+            low = hgh;
+          }
+      }
+
+    //  ... and then all the initial sort & merge jobs for each block pair
+
+    printf("# Initial sort jobs (%d)\n", lblock*lblock - (fblock-1)*(fblock-1) );
+
+#ifdef LSF
+    jobid = 1;
+#endif
+    for (i = 1; i <= lblock; i++)
+      for (j = (i < fblock ? fblock : 1); j <= lblock; j++)
+        {
+#ifdef LSF
+          printf(LSF_MERGE,jobid++);
+          printf(" \"");
+#endif
+          printf("LAsort");
+          if (VON)
+            printf(" -v");
+          for (k = 0; k < NTHREADS; k++)
+            if (useblock)
+              { printf(" %s.%d.%s.%d.C%d",root,i,root,j,k);
+                printf(" %s.%d.%s.%d.N%d",root,i,root,j,k);
+              }
+            else
+              { printf(" %s.%s.C%d",root,root,k);
+                printf(" %s.%s.N%d",root,root,k);
+              }
+          printf(" && LAmerge");
+          if (VON)
+            printf(" -v");
+          if (lblock == 1)
+            printf(" %s.%d",root,i);
+          else if (i < fblock)
+            printf(" L1.%d.%d",i,(j-fblock)+1);
+          else
+            printf(" L1.%d.%d",i,j);
+          for (k = 0; k < NTHREADS; k++)
+            if (useblock)
+              { printf(" %s.%d.%s.%d.C%d.S",root,i,root,j,k);
+                printf(" %s.%d.%s.%d.N%d.S",root,i,root,j,k);
+              }
+            else
+              { printf(" %s.%s.C%d.S",root,root,k);
+                printf(" %s.%s.N%d.S",root,root,k);
+              }
+          printf(" && rm");
+          for (k = 0; k < NTHREADS; k++)
+            if (useblock)
+              { printf(" %s.%d.%s.%d.C%d.S.las",root,i,root,j,k);
+                printf(" %s.%d.%s.%d.N%d.S.las",root,i,root,j,k);
+              }
+            else
+              { printf(" %s.%s.C%d.S.las",root,root,k);
+                printf(" %s.%s.N%d.S.las",root,root,k);
+              }
+#ifdef LSF
+          printf("\"");
+#endif
+          printf("\n");
+        }
+
+    //  Higher level merges (if lblock > 1)
+
+    if (lblock > 1)
+      { int pow, mway;
+
+        //  Determine most balance mway for merging in ceil(log_mrg lblock) levels
+
+        pow = 1;
+        for (level = 0; pow < lblock; level++)
+          pow *= MUNIT;
+
+        for (mway = MUNIT; mway >= 3; mway--)
+          if (power(mway,level) < lblock)
+            break;
+        mway += 1;
+
+        //  Issue the commands for each merge level
+
+        { int  p, cnt, dnt;
+
+          cnt = lblock;
+          dnt = (lblock-fblock)+1;
+          for (i = 1; i <= level; i++)
+            { int bits, dits;
+              int low, hgh;
+
+              bits = (cnt-1)/mway+1;
+              dits = (dnt-1)/mway+1;
+
+              //  Incremental update merges
+
+#ifdef LSF
+              jobid = 1;
+#endif
+              if (dnt >= 1)
+                { int last;
+
+                  last = (dnt == 1 || i == level);
+                  printf("# Level %d jobs (%d)\n",i,bits*((lblock-fblock)+1) + dits*(fblock-1));
+                  for (j = 1; j < fblock; j++)
+                    {
+#ifdef LSF
+                      printf(LSF_MERGE,jobid++);
+                      printf(" \"");
+#endif
+                      if (last)
+                        printf("mv %s.%d.las L%d.%d.0.las && ",root,j,i,j);
+                      low = 1;
+                      for (p = 1; p <= dits; p++)
+                        { hgh = (dnt*p)/dits;
+#ifdef LSF
+                          if (p > 1)
+                            { printf(LSF_MERGE,jobid++);
+                              printf(" \"");
+                            }
+#endif
+                          printf("LAmerge");
+                          if (VON)
+                            printf(" -v");
+                          if (last)
+                            printf(" %s.%d L%d.%d.0",root,j,i,j);
+                          else
+                            printf(" L%d.%d.%d",i+1,j,p);
+                          for (k = low; k <= hgh; k++)
+                            printf(" L%d.%d.%d",i,j,k);
+                          printf(" && rm");
+                          if (last)
+                            printf(" L%d.%d.0.las",i,j);
+                          for (k = low; k <= hgh; k++)
+                            printf(" L%d.%d.%d.las",i,j,k);
+#ifdef LSF
+                          printf("\"");
+#endif
+                          printf("\n");
+                          low = hgh+1;
+                        }
+                    }
+                  if (dnt > 1)
+                    dnt = dits;
+                  else
+                    dnt = 0;
+                }
+              else
+                printf("# Level %d jobs (%d)\n",i,bits*((lblock-fblock)+1));
+
+              //  New block merges
+
+              for (j = fblock; j <= lblock; j++) 
+                { low = 1;
+                  for (p = 1; p <= bits; p++)
+                    { hgh = (cnt*p)/bits;
+#ifdef LSF
+                      printf(LSF_MERGE,jobid++);
+                      printf(" \"");
+#endif
+                      printf("LAmerge");
+                      if (VON)
+                        printf(" -v");
+                      if (i == level)
+                        printf(" %s.%d",root,j);
+                      else
+                        printf(" L%d.%d.%d",i+1,j,p);
+                      for (k = low; k <= hgh; k++)
+                        printf(" L%d.%d.%d",i,j,k);
+                      printf(" && rm");
+                      for (k = low; k <= hgh; k++)
+                        printf(" L%d.%d.%d.las",i,j,k);
+#ifdef LSF
+                      printf("\"");
+#endif
+                      printf("\n");
+                      low = hgh+1;
+                    }
+                }
+
+              cnt  = bits;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+  }
+
+  free(root);
+  free(pwd);
+
+  exit (0);
+}
diff --git a/HPCmapper.c b/HPCmapper.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3649b5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/HPCmapper.c
@@ -0,0 +1,621 @@
+/************************************************************************************\
+*                                                                                    *
+* Copyright (c) 2014, Dr. Eugene W. Myers (EWM). All rights reserved.                *
+*                                                                                    *
+* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,   *
+* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this     *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.                                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this  *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or     *
+*    other materials provided with the distribution.                                 *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · The name of EWM may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from     *
+*    this software without specific prior written permission.                        *
+*                                                                                    *
+* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY EWM ”AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,    *
+* INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND       *
+* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL EWM BE LIABLE   *
+* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES *
+* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS  *
+* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY      *
+* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING     *
+* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN  *
+* IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+* For any issues regarding this software and its use, contact EWM at:                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*   Eugene W. Myers Jr.                                                              *
+*   Bautzner Str. 122e                                                               *
+*   01099 Dresden                                                                    *
+*   GERMANY                                                                          *
+*   Email: gene.myers at gmail.com                                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+\************************************************************************************/
+
+/*********************************************************************************************\
+ *
+ *  Produce a script to compute overlaps for all block pairs of a DB, and then sort and merge
+ *    them into as many .las files as their are blocks.
+ *
+ *  Author:  Gene Myers
+ *  Date  :  December 31, 2014
+ *
+ *********************************************************************************************/
+ 
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include "DB.h"
+#include "filter.h"
+
+#undef  LSF  //  define if want a directly executable LSF script
+
+static char *Usage[] =
+  { "[-vb] [-k<int(20)>] [-w<int(6)>] [-h<int(50)>] [-t<int>] [-M<int>]",
+    "      [-e<double(.85)] [-l<int(1000)>] [-s<int(100)] [-H<int>]",
+    "      [-m<track>]+ [-dal<int(4)>] [-deg<int(25)>]",
+    "       <ref:db|dam> <reads:db|dam> [<first:int>[-<last:int>]]"
+  };
+
+static int power(int base, int exp)
+{ int i, pow;
+
+  pow = 1;
+  for (i = 0; i < exp; i++)
+    pow *= base;
+  return (pow);
+}
+
+#define LSF_ALIGN "bsub -q medium -n 4 -o ALIGN.out -e ALIGN.err -R span[hosts=1] -J align#%d"
+#define LSF_MERGE "bsub -q short -n 12 -o MERGE.out -e MERGE.err -R span[hosts=1] -J merge#%d"
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{ int   nblocks1, nblocks2;
+  int   useblock1, useblock2;
+  int   fblock, lblock;
+#ifdef LSF
+  int   jobid;
+#endif
+
+  char *pwd1, *root1;
+  char *pwd2, *root2;
+
+  int    MUNIT, DUNIT;
+  int    VON, BON;
+  int    WINT, TINT, HGAP, HINT, KINT, SINT, LINT, MINT;
+  double EREL;
+  int    MMAX, MTOP;
+  char **MASK;
+
+  { int    i, j, k;         //  Process options
+    int    flags[128];
+    char  *eptr;
+
+    ARG_INIT("HPCmapper")
+
+    DUNIT = 4;
+    MUNIT = 25;
+    KINT  = 20;
+    WINT  = 6;
+    HINT  = 50;
+    TINT  = 0;
+    HGAP  = 0;
+    EREL  = 0.;
+    LINT  = 1000;
+    SINT  = 100;
+    MINT  = -1;
+
+    MTOP = 0;
+    MMAX = 10;
+    MASK = (char **) Malloc(MMAX*sizeof(char *),"Allocating mask track array");
+    if (MASK == NULL)
+      exit (1);
+
+    j = 1;
+    for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+      if (argv[i][0] == '-')
+        switch (argv[i][1])
+        { default:
+            ARG_FLAGS("vbd");
+            break;
+          case 'k':
+            ARG_POSITIVE(KINT,"K-mer length")
+            break;
+          case 'w':
+            ARG_POSITIVE(WINT,"Log of bin width")
+            break;
+          case 'h':
+            ARG_POSITIVE(HINT,"Hit threshold (in bp.s)")
+            break;
+          case 't':
+            ARG_POSITIVE(TINT,"Tuple suppression frequency")
+            break;
+          case 'H':
+            ARG_POSITIVE(HGAP,"HGAP threshold (in bp.s)")
+            break;
+          case 'e':
+            ARG_REAL(EREL)
+            if (EREL < .7 || EREL >= 1.)
+              { fprintf(stderr,"%s: Average correlation must be in [.7,1.) (%g)\n",Prog_Name,EREL);
+                exit (1);
+              }
+            break;
+          case 'l':
+            ARG_POSITIVE(LINT,"Minimum ovlerap length")
+            break;
+          case 's':
+            ARG_POSITIVE(SINT,"Trace spacing")
+            break;
+          case 'M':
+            ARG_NON_NEGATIVE(MINT,"Memory allocation (in Gb)")
+            break;
+          case 'm':
+            if (MTOP >= MMAX)
+              { MMAX = 1.2*MTOP + 10;
+                MASK = (char **) Realloc(MASK,MMAX*sizeof(char *),"Reallocating mask track array");
+                if (MASK == NULL)
+                  exit (1);
+              }
+            MASK[MTOP++] = argv[i]+2;
+            break;
+          case 'd':
+            if (argv[i][2] == 'e' && argv[i][3] == 'g')
+              { MUNIT = strtol(argv[i]+4,&eptr,10);
+                if (*eptr != '\0' || argv[i][4] == '\0')
+                  { fprintf(stderr,"%s: -mrg argument is not an integer\n",Prog_Name);
+                    exit (1);
+                  }
+                if (MUNIT <= 0)
+                  { fprintf(stderr,"%s: Files per merge must be positive (%d)\n",
+                                   Prog_Name,MUNIT);
+                    exit (1);
+                  }
+                if (MUNIT < 3)
+                  { fprintf(stderr,"%s: Files per merge must be at least 3 (%d)\n",
+                                   Prog_Name,MUNIT);
+                    exit (1);
+                  }
+              }
+            else if (argv[i][2] == 'a' && argv[i][3] == 'l')
+              { DUNIT = strtol(argv[i]+4,&eptr,10);
+                if (*eptr != '\0' || argv[i][4] == '\0')
+                  { fprintf(stderr,"%s: -dal argument is not an integer\n",Prog_Name);
+                    exit (1);
+                  }
+                if (DUNIT <= 0)
+                  { fprintf(stderr,"%s: Blocks per daligner call must be positive (%d)\n",
+                                   Prog_Name,DUNIT);
+                    exit (1);
+                  }
+              }
+            else
+              { fprintf(stderr,"%s: -%.3s is an illegal option\n",Prog_Name,argv[i]+1);
+                exit (1);
+              }
+            break;
+        }
+      else
+        argv[j++] = argv[i];
+    argc = j;
+
+    VON = flags['v'];
+    BON = flags['b'];
+
+    if (argc < 3 || argc > 4)
+      { fprintf(stderr,"Usage: %s %s\n",Prog_Name,Usage[0]);
+        fprintf(stderr,"       %*s %s\n",(int) strlen(Prog_Name),"",Usage[1]);
+        fprintf(stderr,"       %*s %s\n",(int) strlen(Prog_Name),"",Usage[2]);
+        fprintf(stderr,"       %*s %s\n",(int) strlen(Prog_Name),"",Usage[3]);
+        exit (1);
+      }
+  }
+
+  //  Make sure DAM and DB exist and the DB is partitioned, get number of blocks in partition
+
+  pwd1   = PathTo(argv[1]);
+  if (strcmp(argv[1]+(strlen(argv[1])-4),".dam") == 0)
+    root1 = Root(argv[1],".dam");
+  else
+    root1 = Root(argv[1],".db");
+
+  { int i, nfiles;
+    FILE *dbvis;
+
+    dbvis = fopen(Catenate(pwd1,"/",root1,".dam"),"r");
+    if (dbvis == NULL)
+      { dbvis = Fopen(Catenate(pwd1,"/",root1,".db"),"r");
+        if (dbvis == NULL)
+          exit (1);
+      }
+
+    if (fscanf(dbvis,"files = %d\n",&nfiles) != 1)
+      SYSTEM_ERROR
+    for (i = 0; i < nfiles; i++)
+      { char buffer[30001];
+
+        if (fgets(buffer,30000,dbvis) == NULL)
+          SYSTEM_ERROR
+      }
+
+    useblock1 = 1;
+    if (fscanf(dbvis,"blocks = %d\n",&nblocks1) != 1)
+      { useblock1 = 0;
+        nblocks1  = 1;
+      }
+
+    fclose(dbvis);
+  }
+
+  pwd2   = PathTo(argv[2]);
+  if (strcmp(argv[2]+(strlen(argv[2])-4),".dam") == 0)
+    root2 = Root(argv[2],".dam");
+  else
+    root2 = Root(argv[2],".db");
+
+  if (strcmp(root2,root1) == 0 && strcmp(pwd1,pwd2) == 0)
+    { fprintf(stderr,"%s: Comparing the same data base %s/%s against itself, use HPCdaligner\n",
+                     Prog_Name,pwd1,root1);
+      exit (1);
+    }
+
+  { int i, nfiles;
+    FILE *dbvis;
+
+    dbvis = fopen(Catenate(pwd2,"/",root2,".dam"),"r");
+    if (dbvis == NULL)
+      { dbvis = Fopen(Catenate(pwd2,"/",root2,".db"),"r");
+        if (dbvis == NULL)
+          exit (1);
+      }
+
+    if (fscanf(dbvis,"files = %d\n",&nfiles) != 1)
+      SYSTEM_ERROR
+    for (i = 0; i < nfiles; i++)
+      { char buffer[30001];
+
+        if (fgets(buffer,30000,dbvis) == NULL)
+          SYSTEM_ERROR
+      }
+
+    useblock2 = 1;
+    if (fscanf(dbvis,"blocks = %d\n",&nblocks2) != 1)
+      { useblock2 = 0;
+        nblocks2  = 1;
+      }
+
+    fclose(dbvis);
+  }
+
+  //  Set range fblock-lblock checking that DB.<fblock-1>.las exists & DB.<fblock>.las does not
+
+  { char *eptr, *fptr;
+    FILE *file;
+
+    if (argc == 4)
+      { fblock = strtol(argv[3],&eptr,10);
+        if (*eptr != '\0' && *eptr != '-')
+          { fprintf(stderr,"%s: final argument '%s' does not start with an integer\n",
+                           Prog_Name,argv[3]);
+            exit (1);
+          }
+        if (*eptr == '-')
+          { lblock = strtol(eptr+1,&fptr,10);
+            if (*fptr != '\0')
+              { fprintf(stderr,"%s: second part of range '%s' is not an integer\n",
+                               Prog_Name,eptr+1);
+                exit (1);
+              }
+          }
+        else
+          lblock = fblock;
+        if (fblock < 1 || lblock > nblocks2 || fblock > lblock)
+          { fprintf(stderr,"%s: range %d-%d is empty or out of bounds\n",Prog_Name,fblock,lblock);
+            exit (1);
+          }
+      }
+    else
+      { fblock = 1;
+        lblock = nblocks2;
+      }
+
+    if (fblock > 1)
+      { file = fopen(Catenate(root1,".",root2,Numbered_Suffix(".",fblock-1,".las")),"r");
+        if (file == NULL)
+          { fprintf(stderr,"%s: File %s.%s.%d.las should already be present!\n",
+                           Prog_Name,root1,root2,fblock-1);
+            exit (1);
+          }
+        else
+          fclose(file);
+      }
+    if (useblock2)
+      { file = fopen(Catenate(root1,".",root2,Numbered_Suffix(".",fblock,".las")),"r");
+        if (file != NULL)
+          { fprintf(stderr,"%s: File %s.%s.%d.las should not yet exist!\n",
+                           Prog_Name,root1,root2,fblock);
+            exit (1);
+          }
+      }
+    else
+      { file = fopen(Catenate(root1,".",root2,".las"),"r");
+        if (file != NULL)
+          { fprintf(stderr,"%s: File %s.%s.las should not yet exist!\n",
+                           Prog_Name,root1,root2);
+            exit (1);
+          }
+      }
+  }
+
+  { int level, njobs;
+    int i, j, k;
+    int usepath1, usepath2;
+
+    //  Produce all necessary daligner jobs ...
+
+    usepath1 = (strcmp(pwd1,".") != 0);
+    usepath2 = (strcmp(pwd2,".") != 0);
+
+    njobs = nblocks1 * ( (lblock-fblock)/DUNIT + 1);
+
+    printf("# Daligner jobs (%d)\n",njobs);
+
+#ifdef LSF
+    jobid = 1;
+#endif
+    for (i = 1; i <= nblocks1; i++)
+      { int bits;
+        int low, hgh;
+
+        bits = (lblock-fblock)/DUNIT+1;
+        low  = fblock;
+        for (j = 1; j <= bits; j++)
+          {
+#ifdef LSF
+            printf(LSF_ALIGN,jobid++);
+            printf(" \"");
+#endif
+            printf("daligner -A");
+            if (VON)
+              printf(" -v");
+            if (BON)
+              printf(" -b");
+            printf(" -k%d",KINT);
+            if (WINT != 6)
+              printf(" -w%d",WINT);
+            printf(" -h%d",HINT);
+            if (TINT > 0)
+              printf(" -t%d",TINT);
+            if (HGAP > 0)
+              printf(" -H%d",HGAP);
+            if (EREL > .1)
+              printf(" -e%g",EREL);
+            else
+              printf(" -e.85");
+            if (LINT != 1000)
+              printf(" -l%d",LINT);
+            if (SINT != 100)
+              printf(" -s%d",SINT);
+            if (MINT >= 0)
+              printf(" -M%d",MINT);
+            for (k = 0; k < MTOP; k++)
+              printf(" -m%s",MASK[k]);
+            if (useblock1)
+              if (usepath1)
+                printf(" %s/%s.%d",pwd1,root1,i);
+              else
+                printf(" %s.%d",root1,i);
+            else
+              if (usepath1)
+                printf(" %s/%s",pwd1,root1);
+              else
+                printf(" %s",root1);
+	    hgh = fblock + (((lblock-fblock)+1)*j)/bits;
+            for (k = low; k < hgh; k++)
+              if (useblock2)
+                if (usepath2)
+                  printf(" %s/%s.%d",pwd2,root2,k);
+                else
+                  printf(" %s.%d",root2,k);
+              else
+                if (usepath2)
+                  printf(" %s/%s",pwd2,root2);
+                else
+                  printf(" %s",root2);
+#ifdef LSF
+            printf("\"");
+#endif
+            printf("\n");
+            low = hgh;
+          }
+      }
+
+    //  ... and then all the initial sort & merge jobs for each block pair
+
+    printf("# Initial sort jobs (%d)\n", nblocks1*((lblock-fblock)+1));
+
+#ifdef LSF
+    jobid = 1;
+#endif
+    for (i = 1; i <= nblocks1; i++)
+      for (j = fblock; j <= lblock; j++)
+        {
+#ifdef LSF
+          printf(LSF_MERGE,jobid++);
+          printf(" \"");
+#endif
+          printf("LAsort");
+          if (VON)
+            printf(" -v");
+          for (k = 0; k < NTHREADS; k++)
+            { if (useblock1)
+                printf(" %s.%d",root1,i);
+              else
+                printf(" %s",root1);
+              if (useblock2)
+                printf(".%s.%d.C%d",root2,j,k);
+              else
+                printf(".%s.C%d",root2,k);
+              if (useblock1)
+                printf(" %s.%d",root1,i);
+              else
+                printf(" %s",root1);
+              if (useblock2)
+                printf(".%s.%d.N%d",root2,j,k);
+              else
+                printf(".%s.N%d",root2,k);
+            }
+          printf(" && LAmerge");
+          if (VON)
+            printf(" -v");
+          if (nblocks1 == 1)
+            if (useblock2)
+              printf(" %s.%s.%d",root1,root2,j);
+            else
+              printf(" %s.%s",root1,root2);
+          else
+            printf(" L1.%d.%d",i,j);
+          for (k = 0; k < NTHREADS; k++)
+            { if (useblock1)
+                printf(" %s.%d",root1,i);
+              else
+                printf(" %s",root1);
+              if (useblock2)
+                printf(".%s.%d.C%d.S",root2,j,k);
+              else
+                printf(".%s.C%d.S",root2,k);
+              if (useblock1)
+                printf(" %s.%d",root1,i);
+              else
+                printf(" %s",root1);
+              if (useblock2)
+                printf(".%s.%d.N%d.S",root2,j,k);
+              else
+                printf(".%s.N%d.S",root2,k);
+            }
+          printf(" && rm");
+          for (k = 0; k < NTHREADS; k++)
+            { if (useblock1)
+                printf(" %s.%d",root1,i);
+              else
+                printf(" %s",root1);
+              if (useblock2)
+                printf(".%s.%d.C%d.S.las",root2,j,k);
+              else
+                printf(".%s.C%d.S.las",root2,k);
+              if (useblock1)
+                printf(" %s.%d",root1,i);
+              else
+                printf(" %s",root1);
+              if (useblock2)
+                printf(".%s.%d.N%d.S.las",root2,j,k);
+              else
+                printf(".%s.N%d.S.las",root2,k);
+              if (useblock1)
+                printf(" %s.%d",root1,i);
+              else
+                printf(" %s",root1);
+              if (useblock2)
+                printf(".%s.%d.C%d.las",root2,j,k);
+              else
+                printf(".%s.C%d.las",root2,k);
+              if (useblock1)
+                printf(" %s.%d",root1,i);
+              else
+                printf(" %s",root1);
+              if (useblock2)
+                printf(".%s.%d.N%d.las",root2,j,k);
+              else
+                printf(".%s.N%d.las",root2,k);
+            }
+#ifdef LSF
+          printf("\"");
+#endif
+          printf("\n");
+        }
+
+    //  Higher level merges (if lblock > 1)
+
+    if (nblocks1 > 1)
+      { int pow, mway;
+
+        //  Determine most balance mway for merging in ceil(log_mrg lblock) levels
+
+        pow = 1;
+        for (level = 0; pow < nblocks1; level++)
+          pow *= MUNIT;
+
+        for (mway = MUNIT; mway >= 3; mway--)
+          if (power(mway,level) < nblocks1)
+            break;
+        mway += 1;
+
+        //  Issue the commands for each merge level
+
+        { int  p, cnt;
+
+          cnt = nblocks1;
+          for (i = 1; i <= level; i++)
+            { int bits;
+              int low, hgh;
+
+              bits = (cnt-1)/mway+1;
+              printf("# Level %d jobs (%d)\n",i,bits*((lblock-fblock)+1));
+
+              //  Block merges
+
+#ifdef LSF
+              jobid = 1;
+#endif
+              for (j = fblock; j <= lblock; j++) 
+                { low = 1;
+                  for (p = 1; p <= bits; p++)
+                    { hgh = (cnt*p)/bits;
+#ifdef LSF
+                      printf(LSF_MERGE,jobid++);
+                      printf(" \"");
+#endif
+                      printf("LAmerge");
+                      if (VON)
+                        printf(" -v");
+                      if (i == level)
+                        if (useblock2)
+                          printf(" %s.%s.%d",root1,root2,j);
+                        else
+                          printf(" %s.%s",root1,root2);
+                      else
+                        printf(" L%d.%d.%d",i+1,j,p);
+                      for (k = low; k <= hgh; k++)
+                        printf(" L%d.%d.%d",i,j,k);
+                      printf(" && rm");
+                      for (k = low; k <= hgh; k++)
+                        printf(" L%d.%d.%d.las",i,j,k);
+#ifdef LSF
+                      printf("\"");
+#endif
+		      printf("\n");
+                      low = hgh+1;
+                    }
+                }
+
+              cnt  = bits;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+  }
+
+  free(root2);
+  free(pwd2);
+  free(root1);
+  free(pwd1);
+
+  exit (0);
+}
diff --git a/LAcat.c b/LAcat.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7f79fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LAcat.c
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+/************************************************************************************\
+*                                                                                    *
+* Copyright (c) 2014, Dr. Eugene W. Myers (EWM). All rights reserved.                *
+*                                                                                    *
+* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,   *
+* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this     *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.                                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this  *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or     *
+*    other materials provided with the distribution.                                 *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · The name of EWM may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from     *
+*    this software without specific prior written permission.                        *
+*                                                                                    *
+* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY EWM ”AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,    *
+* INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND       *
+* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL EWM BE LIABLE   *
+* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES *
+* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS  *
+* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY      *
+* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING     *
+* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN  *
+* IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+* For any issues regarding this software and its use, contact EWM at:                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*   Eugene W. Myers Jr.                                                              *
+*   Bautzner Str. 122e                                                               *
+*   01099 Dresden                                                                    *
+*   GERMANY                                                                          *
+*   Email: gene.myers at gmail.com                                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+\************************************************************************************/
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Merge together in index order, overlap files <XXX>.1.las, <XXX>.2.las, ... into a
+ *    single overlap file and output to the standard output
+ *
+ *  Author:  Gene Myers
+ *  Date  :  July 2013
+ *
+ *******************************************************************************************/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include "DB.h"
+#include "align.h"
+
+static char *Usage = "<source:las> > <target>.las";
+
+#define MEMORY   1000   //  How many megabytes for output buffer
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{ char     *iblock, *oblock;
+  FILE     *input;
+  int64     novl, bsize, ovlsize, ptrsize;
+  int       tspace, tbytes;
+  char     *pwd, *root;
+
+  Prog_Name = Strdup("LAcat","");
+
+  if (argc <= 1)
+    { fprintf(stderr,"Usage: %s %s\n",Prog_Name,Usage);
+      exit (1);
+    }
+
+  ptrsize = sizeof(void *);
+  ovlsize = sizeof(Overlap) - ptrsize;
+  bsize   = MEMORY * 1000000ll;
+  oblock  = (char *) Malloc(bsize,"Allocating output block");
+  iblock  = (char *) Malloc(bsize + ptrsize,"Allocating input block");
+  if (oblock == NULL || iblock == NULL)
+    exit (1);
+  iblock += ptrsize;
+
+  pwd    = PathTo(argv[1]);
+  root   = Root(argv[1],".las");
+
+  { int64    povl;
+    int      i, mspace;
+
+    novl   = 0;
+    tspace = 0;
+    mspace = 0;
+    tbytes = sizeof(uint8);
+    for (i = 0; 1; i++)
+      { char *name = Catenate(pwd,"/",root,Numbered_Suffix(".",i+1,".las"));
+        if ((input = fopen(name,"r")) == NULL) break;
+
+        if (fread(&povl,sizeof(int64),1,input) != 1)
+          SYSTEM_ERROR
+        novl += povl;
+        if (fread(&mspace,sizeof(int),1,input) != 1)
+          SYSTEM_ERROR
+        if (i == 0)
+          { tspace = mspace;
+            if (tspace <= TRACE_XOVR)
+              tbytes = sizeof(uint8);
+            else
+              tbytes = sizeof(uint16);
+          }
+        else if (tspace != mspace)
+          { fprintf(stderr,"%s: PT-point spacing conflict (%d vs %d)\n",Prog_Name,tspace,mspace);
+            exit (1);
+          }
+
+        fclose(input);
+      }
+    fwrite(&novl,sizeof(int64),1,stdout);
+    fwrite(&tspace,sizeof(int32),1,stdout);
+  }
+
+  { int      i, j;
+    Overlap *w;
+    int64    tsize, povl;
+    int      mspace;
+    char    *iptr, *itop;
+    char    *optr, *otop;
+
+    optr = oblock;
+    otop = oblock + bsize;
+
+    for (i = 0; 1; i++)
+      { char *name = Catenate(pwd,"/",root,Numbered_Suffix(".",i+1,".las"));
+        if ((input = fopen(name,"r")) == NULL) break;
+
+        if (fread(&povl,sizeof(int64),1,input) != 1)
+          SYSTEM_ERROR
+        if (fread(&mspace,sizeof(int),1,input) != 1)
+          SYSTEM_ERROR
+
+        iptr = iblock;
+        itop = iblock + fread(iblock,1,bsize,input);
+
+        for (j = 0; j < povl; j++)
+          { if (iptr + ovlsize > itop)
+              { int64 remains = itop-iptr;
+                if (remains > 0)
+                  memcpy(iblock,iptr,remains);
+                iptr  = iblock;
+                itop  = iblock + remains;
+                itop += fread(itop,1,bsize-remains,input);
+              }
+
+            w = (Overlap *) (iptr - ptrsize);
+            tsize = w->path.tlen*tbytes;
+
+            if (optr + ovlsize + tsize > otop)
+              { fwrite(oblock,1,optr-oblock,stdout);
+                optr = oblock;
+              }
+
+            memcpy(optr,iptr,ovlsize);
+            optr += ovlsize;
+            iptr += ovlsize;
+
+            if (iptr + tsize > itop)
+              { int64 remains = itop-iptr;
+                if (remains > 0)
+                  memcpy(iblock,iptr,remains);
+                iptr  = iblock;
+                itop  = iblock + remains;
+                itop += fread(itop,1,bsize-remains,input);
+              }
+            
+            memcpy(optr,iptr,tsize);
+            optr += tsize;
+            iptr += tsize;
+          }
+
+        fclose(input);
+      }
+
+    if (optr > oblock)
+      fwrite(oblock,1,optr-oblock,stdout);
+  }
+
+  free(pwd);
+  free(root);
+  free(oblock);
+  free(iblock-ptrsize);
+
+  exit (0);
+}
diff --git a/LAcheck.c b/LAcheck.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0f2fba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LAcheck.c
@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+/************************************************************************************\
+*                                                                                    *
+* Copyright (c) 2014, Dr. Eugene W. Myers (EWM). All rights reserved.                *
+*                                                                                    *
+* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,   *
+* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this     *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.                                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this  *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or     *
+*    other materials provided with the distribution.                                 *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · The name of EWM may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from     *
+*    this software without specific prior written permission.                        *
+*                                                                                    *
+* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY EWM ”AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,    *
+* INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND       *
+* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL EWM BE LIABLE   *
+* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES *
+* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS  *
+* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY      *
+* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING     *
+* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN  *
+* IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+* For any issues regarding this software and its use, contact EWM at:                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*   Eugene W. Myers Jr.                                                              *
+*   Bautzner Str. 122e                                                               *
+*   01099 Dresden                                                                    *
+*   GERMANY                                                                          *
+*   Email: gene.myers at gmail.com                                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+\************************************************************************************/
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Check the structural integrity of .las files
+ *
+ *  Author:  Gene Myers
+ *  Date  :  July 2014
+ *
+ *******************************************************************************************/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include "DB.h"
+#include "align.h"
+
+static char *Usage = "[-vS] <src1:db|dam> [ <src2:db|dam> ] <align:las> ...";
+
+#define MEMORY   1000   //  How many megabytes for output buffer
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{ HITS_DB   _db1,  *db1  = &_db1;
+  HITS_DB   _db2,  *db2  = &_db2;
+  int        VERBOSE;
+  int        SORTED;
+  int        ISTWO;
+
+  //  Process options
+
+  { int i, j, k;
+    int flags[128];
+
+    ARG_INIT("LAcheck")
+
+    j = 1;
+    for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+      if (argv[i][0] == '-')
+        switch (argv[i][1])
+        { default:
+            ARG_FLAGS("vS")
+            break;
+        }
+      else
+        argv[j++] = argv[i];
+    argc = j;
+
+    VERBOSE = flags['v'];
+    SORTED  = flags['S'];
+
+    if (argc <= 2)
+      { fprintf(stderr,"Usage: %s %s\n",Prog_Name,Usage);
+        exit (1);
+      }
+  }
+
+  //  Open trimmed DB
+
+  { int   status;
+    char *pwd, *root;
+    FILE *input;
+
+    ISTWO  = 0;
+    status = Open_DB(argv[1],db1);
+    if (status < 0)
+      exit (1);
+    if (db1->part > 0)
+      { fprintf(stderr,"%s: Cannot be called on a block: %s\n",Prog_Name,argv[1]);
+        exit (1);
+      }
+
+    pwd    = PathTo(argv[2]);
+    root   = Root(argv[2],".las");
+    if ((input = fopen(Catenate(pwd,"/",root,".las"),"r")) == NULL)
+      { ISTWO = 1;
+        if (argc <= 3)
+          { fprintf(stderr,"Usage: %s %s\n",Prog_Name,Usage);
+            exit (1);
+          }
+        status = Open_DB(argv[2],db2);
+        if (status < 0)
+          exit (1);
+        if (db2->part > 0)
+          { fprintf(stderr,"%s: Cannot be called on a block: %s\n",Prog_Name,argv[2]);
+            exit (1);
+          }
+        Trim_DB(db2);
+      }
+    else
+      { fclose(input);
+        db2 = db1;
+      }
+    Trim_DB(db1);
+
+    free(root);
+    free(pwd);
+  }
+
+  { char      *iblock;
+    int64      bsize, ovlsize, ptrsize;
+    int        i, j;
+    HITS_READ *reads1  = db1->reads;
+    int        nreads1 = db1->nreads;
+    HITS_READ *reads2  = db2->reads;
+    int        nreads2 = db2->nreads;
+
+    //  Setup IO buffers
+
+    ptrsize = sizeof(void *);
+    ovlsize = sizeof(Overlap) - ptrsize;
+    bsize   = MEMORY * 1000000ll;
+    iblock  = (char *) Malloc(bsize+ptrsize,"Allocating input block");
+    if (iblock == NULL)
+      exit (1);
+    iblock += ptrsize;
+
+    //  For each file do
+
+    for (i = 2+ISTWO; i < argc; i++)
+      { char     *pwd, *root;
+        FILE     *input;
+        char     *iptr, *itop;
+        Overlap   last;
+        int64     novl;
+        int       tspace, tbytes;
+
+        //  Establish IO and (novl,tspace) header
+
+        pwd    = PathTo(argv[i]);
+        root   = Root(argv[i],".las");
+        if ((input = Fopen(Catenate(pwd,"/",root,".las"),"r")) == NULL)
+          goto error;
+
+        if (fread(&novl,sizeof(int64),1,input) != 1)
+          SYSTEM_ERROR
+        if (fread(&tspace,sizeof(int),1,input) != 1)
+          SYSTEM_ERROR
+        if (novl < 0)
+          { if (VERBOSE)
+              fprintf(stderr,"  %s: Number of alignments < 0\n",root);
+            goto error;
+          }
+        if (tspace < 0)
+          { if (VERBOSE)
+              fprintf(stderr,"  %s: Trace spacing < 0\n",root);
+            goto error;
+          }
+
+        if (tspace <= TRACE_XOVR)
+          tbytes = sizeof(uint8);
+        else
+          tbytes = sizeof(uint16);
+
+        iptr = iblock;
+        itop = iblock + fread(iblock,1,bsize,input);
+
+        //  For each record in file do
+
+        last.aread = -1;
+        last.bread = -1;
+        last.flags =  0;
+        last.path.bbpos = last.path.abpos = 0;
+        last.path.bepos = last.path.aepos = 0;
+        for (j = 0; j < novl; j++)
+          { Overlap ovl;
+            int     tsize;
+            int     equal;
+
+            //  Fetch next record
+
+            if (iptr + ovlsize > itop)
+              { int64 remains = itop-iptr;
+                if (remains > 0)
+                  memcpy(iblock,iptr,remains);
+                iptr  = iblock;
+                itop  = iblock + remains;
+                itop += fread(itop,1,bsize-remains,input);
+                if (iptr + ovlsize > itop)
+                  { if (VERBOSE)
+                      fprintf(stderr,"  %s: Too few alignment records\n",root);
+                    goto error;
+                  }
+              }
+
+            ovl   = *((Overlap *) (iptr - ptrsize));
+            iptr += ovlsize;
+            tsize = ovl.path.tlen*tbytes;
+
+            if (iptr + tsize > itop)
+              { int64 remains = itop-iptr;
+                if (remains > 0)
+                  memcpy(iblock,iptr,remains);
+                iptr  = iblock;
+                itop  = iblock + remains;
+                itop += fread(itop,1,bsize-remains,input);
+                if (iptr + tsize > itop)
+                  { if (VERBOSE)
+                      fprintf(stderr,"  %s: Too few alignment records\n",root);
+                    goto error;
+                  }
+              }
+            ovl.path.trace = iptr;
+            iptr += tsize;
+
+            //  Basic checks
+
+            if (ovl.aread < 0 || ovl.bread < 0)
+              { if (VERBOSE)
+                  fprintf(stderr,"  %s: Read indices < 0\n",root);
+                goto error;
+              }
+            if (ovl.aread >= nreads1 || ovl.bread >= nreads2)
+              { if (VERBOSE)
+                  fprintf(stderr,"  %s: Read indices out of range\n",root);
+                goto error;
+              }
+
+            if (ovl.path.abpos >= ovl.path.aepos || ovl.path.aepos > reads1[ovl.aread].rlen ||
+                ovl.path.bbpos >= ovl.path.bepos || ovl.path.bepos > reads2[ovl.bread].rlen ||
+                ovl.path.abpos < 0               || ovl.path.bbpos < 0                       )
+              { if (VERBOSE)
+                  fprintf(stderr,"  %s: Non-sense alignment intervals\n",root);
+                goto error;
+              }
+
+            if (ovl.path.diffs < 0 || ovl.path.diffs > reads1[ovl.aread].rlen ||
+                                      ovl.path.diffs > reads2[ovl.bread].rlen)
+              { if (VERBOSE)
+                  fprintf(stderr,"  %s: Non-sense number of differences\n",root);
+                goto error;
+              }
+
+            if (Check_Trace_Points(&ovl,tspace,VERBOSE,root))
+              goto error;
+
+            //  Duplicate check and sort check if -S set
+
+            equal = 0;
+            if (SORTED)
+              { if (ovl.aread > last.aread) goto inorder;
+                if (ovl.aread == last.aread)
+                  { if (ovl.bread > last.bread) goto inorder;
+                    if (ovl.bread == last.bread)
+                      { if (COMP(ovl.flags) > COMP(last.flags)) goto inorder;
+                        if (COMP(ovl.flags) == COMP(last.flags))
+                          { if (ovl.path.abpos > last.path.abpos) goto inorder;
+                            if (ovl.path.abpos == last.path.abpos)
+                              { equal = 1;
+                                goto inorder;
+                              }
+                          }
+                      }
+                  }
+                if (VERBOSE)
+                  fprintf(stderr,"  %s: Reads are not sorted (%d vs %d)\n",
+                                 root,ovl.aread+1,ovl.bread+1);
+                goto error;
+              }
+            else
+              { if (ovl.aread == last.aread && ovl.bread == last.bread &&
+                    COMP(ovl.flags) == COMP(last.flags) && ovl.path.abpos == last.path.abpos)
+                  equal = 1;
+              }
+          inorder:
+            if (equal)
+              { if (ovl.path.aepos == last.path.aepos &&
+                    ovl.path.bbpos == last.path.bbpos &&
+                    ovl.path.bepos == last.path.bepos)
+                  { if (VERBOSE)
+                      fprintf(stderr,"  %s: Duplicate overlap (%d vs %d)\n",
+                                     root,ovl.aread+1,ovl.bread+1);
+                    goto error;
+                  }
+              }
+
+            last = ovl;
+          }
+
+        //  File processing epilog: Check all data read and print OK if -v
+
+        if (iptr < itop)
+          { if (VERBOSE)
+              fprintf(stderr,"  %s: Too many alignment records\n",root);
+            goto error;
+          }
+
+        if (VERBOSE)
+          { fprintf(stderr,"  %s: ",root);
+            Print_Number(novl,0,stderr);
+            fprintf(stderr," all OK\n");
+          }
+
+      error:
+        fclose(input);
+        free(pwd);
+        free(root);
+      }
+
+    free(iblock-ptrsize);
+  }
+
+  Close_DB(db1);
+  if (ISTWO)
+    Close_DB(db2);
+
+  exit (0);
+}
diff --git a/LAmerge.c b/LAmerge.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93c9266
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LAmerge.c
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+/************************************************************************************\
+*                                                                                    *
+* Copyright (c) 2014, Dr. Eugene W. Myers (EWM). All rights reserved.                *
+*                                                                                    *
+* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,   *
+* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this     *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.                                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this  *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or     *
+*    other materials provided with the distribution.                                 *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · The name of EWM may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from     *
+*    this software without specific prior written permission.                        *
+*                                                                                    *
+* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY EWM ”AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,    *
+* INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND       *
+* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL EWM BE LIABLE   *
+* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES *
+* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS  *
+* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY      *
+* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING     *
+* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN  *
+* IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+* For any issues regarding this software and its use, contact EWM at:                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*   Eugene W. Myers Jr.                                                              *
+*   Bautzner Str. 122e                                                               *
+*   01099 Dresden                                                                    *
+*   GERMANY                                                                          *
+*   Email: gene.myers at gmail.com                                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+\************************************************************************************/
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Given a list of sorted .las files, merge them into a single sorted .las file.
+ *
+ *  Author:  Gene Myers
+ *  Date  :  July 2013
+ *
+ *******************************************************************************************/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include "DB.h"
+#include "align.h"
+
+static char *Usage = "[-v] <merge:las> <parts:las> ...";
+
+#define MEMORY 4000   // in Mb
+
+#undef   DEBUG
+
+  //  Heap sort of records according to (aread,bread,COMP(flags),abpos) order
+
+#define COMPARE(lp,rp)				\
+  if (lp->aread > rp->aread)			\
+    bigger = 1;					\
+  else if (lp->aread < rp->aread)		\
+    bigger = 0;					\
+  else if (lp->bread > rp->bread)		\
+    bigger = 1;					\
+  else if (lp->bread < rp->bread)		\
+    bigger = 0;					\
+  else if (COMP(lp->flags) > COMP(rp->flags))	\
+    bigger = 1;					\
+  else if (COMP(lp->flags) < COMP(rp->flags))	\
+    bigger = 0;					\
+  else if (lp->path.abpos > rp->path.abpos)	\
+    bigger = 1;					\
+  else						\
+    bigger = 0;
+
+static void reheap(int s, Overlap **heap, int hsize)
+{ int      c, l, r;
+  int      bigger;
+  Overlap *hs, *hr, *hl;
+
+  c  = s;
+  hs = heap[s];
+  while ((l = 2*c) <= hsize)
+    { r  = l+1;
+      hl = heap[l];
+      if (r > hsize)
+        bigger = 1;
+      else
+        { hr = heap[r];
+          COMPARE(hr,hl)
+        }
+      if (bigger)
+        { COMPARE(hs,hl)
+          if (bigger)
+            { heap[c] = hl;
+              c = l;
+            }
+          else
+            break;
+        }
+      else
+        { COMPARE(hs,hr)
+          if (bigger)
+            { heap[c] = hr;
+              c = r;
+            }
+          else
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+  if (c != s)
+    heap[c] = hs;
+}
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+
+static void showheap(Overlap **heap, int hsize)
+{ int i;
+  printf("\n");
+  for (i = 1; i <= hsize; i++)
+    printf(" %3d: %5d, %5d\n",i,heap[i]->aread,heap[i]->bread);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+  //  Input block data structure and block fetcher
+
+typedef struct
+  { FILE   *stream;
+    char   *block;
+    char   *ptr;
+    char   *top;
+    int64   count;
+  } IO_block;
+
+static void ovl_reload(IO_block *in, int64 bsize)
+{ int64 remains;
+
+  remains = in->top - in->ptr;
+  if (remains > 0)
+    memcpy(in->block, in->ptr, remains);
+  in->ptr  = in->block;
+  in->top  = in->block + remains;
+  in->top += fread(in->top,1,bsize-remains,in->stream);
+}
+
+  //  The program
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{ IO_block *in;
+  int64     bsize, osize, psize;
+  char     *block, *oblock;
+  int       i, fway;
+  Overlap **heap;
+  int       hsize;
+  Overlap  *ovls;
+  int64     totl;
+  int       tspace, tbytes;
+  FILE     *output;
+  char     *optr, *otop;
+
+  int       VERBOSE;
+
+  //  Process command line
+
+  { int j, k;
+    int flags[128];
+
+    ARG_INIT("LAmerge")
+
+    j = 1;
+    for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+      if (argv[i][0] == '-')
+        { ARG_FLAGS("v") }
+      else
+        argv[j++] = argv[i];
+    argc = j;
+
+    VERBOSE = flags['v'];
+
+    if (argc < 3)
+      { fprintf(stderr,"Usage: %s %s\n",Prog_Name,Usage);
+        exit (1);
+      }
+
+    fway = argc-2;
+    if (fway > 252)
+      { fprintf(stderr,"Exceeded maximum # of inputs and outputs (252) of merge\n");
+        exit (1);
+      }
+  }
+
+  //  Open all the input files and initialize their buffers
+
+  psize  = sizeof(void *);
+  osize  = sizeof(Overlap) - psize;
+  bsize  = (MEMORY*1000000ll)/(fway + 1);
+  block  = (char *) Malloc(bsize*(fway+1)+psize,"Allocating LAmerge blocks");
+  in     = (IO_block *) Malloc(sizeof(IO_block)*fway,"Allocating LAmerge IO-reacords");
+  if (block == NULL || in == NULL)
+    exit (1);
+  block += psize;
+
+  totl   = 0;
+  tbytes = 0;
+  tspace = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < fway; i++)
+    { int64  novl;
+      int    mspace;
+      FILE  *input;
+      char  *pwd, *root;
+      char  *iblock;
+
+      pwd   = PathTo(argv[i+2]);
+      root  = Root(argv[i+2],".las");
+      input = Fopen(Catenate(pwd,"/",root,".las"),"r");
+      if (input == NULL)
+        exit (1);
+      free(pwd);
+      free(root);
+
+      if (fread(&novl,sizeof(int64),1,input) != 1)
+        SYSTEM_ERROR
+      totl += novl;
+      if (fread(&mspace,sizeof(int),1,input) != 1)
+        SYSTEM_ERROR
+      if (i == 0)
+        { tspace = mspace;
+          if (tspace <= TRACE_XOVR)
+            tbytes = sizeof(uint8);
+          else
+            tbytes = sizeof(uint16);
+        }
+      else if (tspace != mspace)
+        { fprintf(stderr,"%s: PT-point spacing conflict (%d vs %d)\n",Prog_Name,tspace,mspace);
+          exit (1);
+        }
+
+      in[i].stream = input;
+      in[i].block  = iblock = block+i*bsize;
+      in[i].ptr    = iblock;
+      in[i].top    = iblock + fread(in[i].block,1,bsize,input);
+      in[i].count  = 0;
+    }
+
+  //  Open the output file buffer and write (novl,tspace) header
+
+  { char *pwd, *root;
+
+    pwd    = PathTo(argv[1]);
+    root   = Root(argv[1],".las");
+    output = Fopen(Catenate(pwd,"/",root,".las"),"w");
+    if (output == NULL)
+      exit (1);
+    free(pwd);
+    free(root);
+
+    fwrite(&totl,sizeof(int64),1,output);
+    fwrite(&tspace,sizeof(int),1,output);
+
+    oblock = block+fway*bsize;
+    optr   = oblock;
+    otop   = oblock + bsize;
+  }
+
+  if (VERBOSE)
+    { printf("Merging %d files totalling ",fway);
+      Print_Number(totl,0,stdout);
+      printf(" records\n");
+    }
+
+  //  Initialize the heap
+
+  heap = (Overlap **) Malloc(sizeof(Overlap *)*(fway+1),"Allocating heap");
+  ovls = (Overlap *) Malloc(sizeof(Overlap)*fway,"Allocating heap");
+  if (heap == NULL || ovls == NULL)
+    exit (1);
+
+  hsize = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < fway; i++)
+    { if (in[i].ptr < in[i].top)
+        { ovls[i]     = *((Overlap *) (in[i].ptr - psize));
+          in[i].ptr  += osize;
+          hsize      += 1;
+          heap[hsize] = ovls + i;
+        }
+    }
+
+  if (hsize > 3)
+    for (i = hsize/2; i > 1; i--)
+      reheap(i,heap,hsize);
+
+  //  While the heap is not empty do
+
+  while (hsize > 0)
+    { Overlap  *ov;
+      IO_block *src;
+      int64     tsize, span;
+
+      reheap(1,heap,hsize);
+
+      ov  = heap[1];
+      src = in + (ov - ovls);
+
+      src->count += 1;
+
+      tsize = ov->path.tlen*tbytes;
+      span  = osize + tsize;
+      if (src->ptr + span > src->top)
+        ovl_reload(src,bsize);
+      if (optr + span > otop)
+        { fwrite(oblock,1,optr-oblock,output);
+          optr = oblock;
+        }
+
+      memcpy(optr,((char *) ov) + psize,osize);
+      optr += osize;
+      memcpy(optr,src->ptr,tsize);
+      optr += tsize;
+
+      src->ptr += tsize;
+      if (src->ptr < src->top)
+        { *ov       = *((Overlap *) (src->ptr - psize));
+          src->ptr += osize;
+        }
+      else
+        { heap[1] = heap[hsize];
+          hsize  -= 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+  //  Flush output buffer and wind up
+
+  if (optr > oblock)
+    fwrite(oblock,1,optr-oblock,output);
+  fclose(output);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < fway; i++)
+    fclose(in[i].stream);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < fway; i++)
+    totl -= in[i].count;
+  if (totl != 0)
+    { fprintf(stderr,"%s: Did not write all records (%lld)\n",argv[0],totl);
+      exit (1);
+    }
+
+  free(ovls);
+  free(heap);
+  free(in);
+  free(block-psize);
+
+  exit (0);
+}
diff --git a/LAshow.c b/LAshow.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea5c8ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LAshow.c
@@ -0,0 +1,606 @@
+/************************************************************************************\
+*                                                                                    *
+* Copyright (c) 2014, Dr. Eugene W. Myers (EWM). All rights reserved.                *
+*                                                                                    *
+* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,   *
+* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this     *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.                                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this  *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or     *
+*    other materials provided with the distribution.                                 *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · The name of EWM may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from     *
+*    this software without specific prior written permission.                        *
+*                                                                                    *
+* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY EWM ”AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,    *
+* INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND       *
+* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL EWM BE LIABLE   *
+* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES *
+* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS  *
+* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY      *
+* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING     *
+* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN  *
+* IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+* For any issues regarding this software and its use, contact EWM at:                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*   Eugene W. Myers Jr.                                                              *
+*   Bautzner Str. 122e                                                               *
+*   01099 Dresden                                                                    *
+*   GERMANY                                                                          *
+*   Email: gene.myers at gmail.com                                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+\************************************************************************************/
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Utility for displaying the overlaps in a .las file in a variety of ways including
+ *    a minimal listing of intervals, a cartoon, and a full out alignment.
+ *
+ *  Author:    Gene Myers
+ *  Creation:  July 2013
+ *  Last Mod:  Jan 2015
+ *
+ *******************************************************************************************/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include "DB.h"
+#include "align.h"
+
+static char *Usage[] =
+    { "[-caroUF] [-i<int(4)>] [-w<int(100)>] [-b<int(10)>] ",
+      "    <src1:db|dam> [ <src2:db|dam> ] <align:las> [ <reads:FILE> | <reads:range> ... ]"
+    };
+
+#define LAST_READ_SYMBOL  '$'
+
+static int ORDER(const void *l, const void *r)
+{ int x = *((int32 *) l);
+  int y = *((int32 *) r);
+  return (x-y);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{ HITS_DB   _db1, *db1 = &_db1; 
+  HITS_DB   _db2, *db2 = &_db2; 
+  Overlap   _ovl, *ovl = &_ovl;
+  Alignment _aln, *aln = &_aln;
+
+  FILE   *input;
+  int64   novl;
+  int     tspace, tbytes, small;
+  int     reps, *pts;
+  int     input_pts;
+
+  int     ALIGN, CARTOON, REFERENCE, OVERLAP;
+  int     FLIP, MAP;
+  int     INDENT, WIDTH, BORDER, UPPERCASE;
+  int     ISTWO;
+
+  //  Process options
+
+  { int    i, j, k;
+    int    flags[128];
+    char  *eptr;
+
+    ARG_INIT("LAshow")
+
+    INDENT    = 4;
+    WIDTH     = 100;
+    BORDER    = 10;
+
+    j = 1;
+    for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+      if (argv[i][0] == '-')
+        switch (argv[i][1])
+        { default:
+            ARG_FLAGS("caroUFM")
+            break;
+          case 'i':
+            ARG_NON_NEGATIVE(INDENT,"Indent")
+            break;
+          case 'w':
+            ARG_POSITIVE(WIDTH,"Alignment width")
+            break;
+          case 'b':
+            ARG_NON_NEGATIVE(BORDER,"Alignment border")
+            break;
+        }
+      else
+        argv[j++] = argv[i];
+    argc = j;
+
+    CARTOON   = flags['c'];
+    ALIGN     = flags['a'];
+    REFERENCE = flags['r'];
+    OVERLAP   = flags['o'];
+    UPPERCASE = flags['U'];
+    FLIP      = flags['F'];
+    MAP       = flags['M'];
+
+    if (argc <= 2)
+      { fprintf(stderr,"Usage: %s %s\n",Prog_Name,Usage[0]);
+        fprintf(stderr,"       %*s %s\n",(int) strlen(Prog_Name),"",Usage[1]);
+        exit (1);
+      }
+  }
+
+  //  Open trimmed DB or DB pair
+
+  { int   status;
+    char *pwd, *root;
+    FILE *input;
+
+    ISTWO  = 0;
+    status = Open_DB(argv[1],db1);
+    if (status < 0)
+      exit (1);
+    if (db1->part > 0)
+      { fprintf(stderr,"%s: Cannot be called on a block: %s\n",Prog_Name,argv[1]);
+        exit (1);
+      }
+
+    if (argc > 3)
+      { pwd   = PathTo(argv[3]);
+        root  = Root(argv[3],".las");
+        if ((input = fopen(Catenate(pwd,"/",root,".las"),"r")) != NULL)
+          { ISTWO = 1;
+            fclose(input);
+            status = Open_DB(argv[2],db2);
+            if (status < 0)
+              exit (1);
+            if (db2->part > 0)
+              { fprintf(stderr,"%s: Cannot be called on a block: %s\n",Prog_Name,argv[2]);
+                exit (1);
+              }
+            Trim_DB(db2);
+          }
+        else
+          db2 = db1;
+        free(root);
+        free(pwd);
+      }
+    else
+      db2 = db1;
+    Trim_DB(db1);
+  }
+
+  //  Process read index arguments into a sorted list of read ranges
+
+  input_pts = 0;
+  if (argc == ISTWO+4)
+    { if (argv[ISTWO+3][0] != LAST_READ_SYMBOL || argv[ISTWO+3][1] != '\0')
+        { char *eptr, *fptr;
+          int   b, e;
+
+          b = strtol(argv[ISTWO+3],&eptr,10);
+          if (eptr > argv[ISTWO+3] && b > 0)
+            { if (*eptr == '-')
+                { if (eptr[1] != LAST_READ_SYMBOL || eptr[2] != '\0')
+                    { e = strtol(eptr+1,&fptr,10);
+                      input_pts = (fptr <= eptr+1 || *fptr != '\0' || e <= 0);
+                    }
+                }
+              else
+                input_pts = (*eptr != '\0');
+            }
+          else
+            input_pts = 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+  if (input_pts)
+    { int v, x;
+      FILE *input;
+
+      input = Fopen(argv[ISTWO+3],"r");
+      if (input == NULL)
+        exit (1);
+
+      reps = 0;
+      while ((v = fscanf(input," %d",&x)) != EOF)
+        if (v == 0)
+          { fprintf(stderr,"%s: %d'th item of input file %s is not an integer\n",
+                           Prog_Name,reps+1,argv[2]);
+            exit (1);
+          }
+        else
+          reps += 1;
+
+      reps *= 2;
+      pts   = (int *) Malloc(sizeof(int)*reps,"Allocating read parameters");
+      if (pts == NULL)
+        exit (1);
+
+      rewind(input);
+      for (v = 0; v < reps; v += 2)
+        { fscanf(input," %d",&x);
+          pts[v] = pts[v+1] = x;
+        }
+
+      fclose(input);
+    }
+
+  else
+    { pts  = (int *) Malloc(sizeof(int)*2*argc,"Allocating read parameters");
+      if (pts == NULL)
+        exit (1);
+
+      reps = 0;
+      if (argc > 3+ISTWO)
+        { int   c, b, e;
+          char *eptr, *fptr;
+
+          for (c = 3+ISTWO; c < argc; c++)
+            { if (argv[c][0] == LAST_READ_SYMBOL)
+                { b = db1->nreads;
+                  eptr = argv[c]+1;
+                }
+              else
+                b = strtol(argv[c],&eptr,10);
+              if (eptr > argv[c])
+                { if (b <= 0)
+                    { fprintf(stderr,"%s: %d is not a valid index\n",Prog_Name,b);
+                      exit (1);
+                    }
+                  if (*eptr == '\0')
+                    { pts[reps++] = b;
+                      pts[reps++] = b;
+                      continue;
+                    }
+                  else if (*eptr == '-')
+                    { if (eptr[1] == LAST_READ_SYMBOL)
+                        { e = INT32_MAX;
+                          fptr = eptr+2;
+                        }
+                      else
+                        e = strtol(eptr+1,&fptr,10);
+                      if (fptr > eptr+1 && *fptr == 0 && e > 0)
+                        { pts[reps++] = b;
+                          pts[reps++] = e;
+                          if (b > e)
+                            { fprintf(stderr,"%s: Empty range '%s'\n",Prog_Name,argv[c]);
+                              exit (1);
+                            }
+                          continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+              fprintf(stderr,"%s: argument '%s' is not an integer range\n",Prog_Name,argv[c]);
+              exit (1);
+            }
+
+          qsort(pts,reps/2,sizeof(int64),ORDER);
+
+          b = 0;
+          for (c = 0; c < reps; c += 2)
+            if (b > 0 && pts[b-1] >= pts[c]-1) 
+              { if (pts[c+1] > pts[b-1])
+                  pts[b-1] = pts[c+1];
+              }
+            else
+              { pts[b++] = pts[c];
+                pts[b++] = pts[c+1];
+              }
+          pts[b++] = INT32_MAX;
+          reps = b;
+        }
+      else
+        { pts[reps++] = 1;
+          pts[reps++] = INT32_MAX;
+        }
+    }
+
+  //  Initiate file reading and read (novl, tspace) header
+  
+  { char  *over, *pwd, *root;
+
+    pwd   = PathTo(argv[2+ISTWO]);
+    root  = Root(argv[2+ISTWO],".las");
+    over  = Catenate(pwd,"/",root,".las");
+    input = Fopen(over,"r");
+    if (input == NULL)
+      exit (1);
+
+    if (fread(&novl,sizeof(int64),1,input) != 1)
+      SYSTEM_ERROR
+    if (fread(&tspace,sizeof(int),1,input) != 1)
+      SYSTEM_ERROR
+
+    if (tspace <= TRACE_XOVR)
+      { small  = 1;
+        tbytes = sizeof(uint8);
+      }
+    else
+      { small  = 0;
+        tbytes = sizeof(uint16);
+      }
+
+    printf("\n%s: ",root);
+    Print_Number(novl,0,stdout);
+    printf(" records\n");
+
+    free(pwd);
+    free(root);
+  }
+
+  //  Read the file and display selected records
+  
+  { int        j;
+    uint16    *trace;
+    Work_Data *work;
+    int        tmax;
+    int        in, npt, idx, ar;
+    int64      tps;
+
+    char      *abuffer, *bbuffer;
+    int        ar_wide, br_wide;
+    int        ai_wide, bi_wide;
+    int        mn_wide, mx_wide;
+    int        tp_wide;
+    int        blast, match, seen, lhalf, rhalf;
+
+    aln->path = &(ovl->path);
+    if (ALIGN || REFERENCE)
+      { work = New_Work_Data();
+        abuffer = New_Read_Buffer(db1);
+        bbuffer = New_Read_Buffer(db2);
+      }
+    else
+      { abuffer = NULL;
+        bbuffer = NULL;
+        work = NULL;
+      }
+
+    tmax  = 1000;
+    trace = (uint16 *) Malloc(sizeof(uint16)*tmax,"Allocating trace vector");
+    if (trace == NULL)
+      exit (1);
+
+    in  = 0;
+    npt = pts[0];
+    idx = 1;
+
+    ar_wide = Number_Digits((int64) db1->nreads);
+    br_wide = Number_Digits((int64) db2->nreads);
+    ai_wide = Number_Digits((int64) db1->maxlen);
+    bi_wide = Number_Digits((int64) db2->maxlen);
+    if (db1->maxlen < db2->maxlen)
+      { mn_wide = ai_wide;
+        mx_wide = bi_wide;
+        tp_wide = Number_Digits((int64) db1->maxlen/tspace+2);
+      }
+    else
+      { mn_wide = bi_wide;
+        mx_wide = ai_wide;
+        tp_wide = Number_Digits((int64) db2->maxlen/tspace+2);
+      }
+    ar_wide += (ar_wide-1)/3;
+    br_wide += (br_wide-1)/3;
+    ai_wide += (ai_wide-1)/3;
+    bi_wide += (bi_wide-1)/3;
+    mn_wide += (mn_wide-1)/3;
+    tp_wide += (tp_wide-1)/3;
+
+    if (FLIP)
+      { int x;
+        x = ar_wide; ar_wide = br_wide; br_wide = x;
+        x = ai_wide; ai_wide = bi_wide; bi_wide = x;
+      }
+
+    //  For each record do
+
+    blast = -1;
+    match = 0;
+    seen  = 0;
+    lhalf = rhalf = 0;
+    for (j = 0; j < novl; j++)
+
+       //  Read it in
+
+      { Read_Overlap(input,ovl);
+        if (ovl->path.tlen > tmax)
+          { tmax = ((int) 1.2*ovl->path.tlen) + 100;
+            trace = (uint16 *) Realloc(trace,sizeof(uint16)*tmax,"Allocating trace vector");
+            if (trace == NULL)
+              exit (1);
+          }
+        ovl->path.trace = (void *) trace;
+        Read_Trace(input,ovl,tbytes);
+
+        //  Determine if it should be displayed
+
+        ar = ovl->aread+1;
+        if (in)
+          { while (ar > npt)
+              { npt = pts[idx++];
+                if (ar < npt)
+                  { in = 0;
+                    break;
+                  }
+                npt = pts[idx++];
+              }
+          }
+        else
+          { while (ar >= npt)
+              { npt = pts[idx++];
+                if (ar <= npt)
+                  { in = 1;
+                    break;
+                  }
+                npt = pts[idx++];
+              }
+          }
+        if (!in)
+          continue;
+
+        //  If -o check display only overlaps
+
+        aln->alen  = db1->reads[ovl->aread].rlen;
+        aln->blen  = db2->reads[ovl->bread].rlen;
+        aln->flags = ovl->flags;
+        tps        = ovl->path.tlen/2;
+
+        if (OVERLAP)
+          { if (ovl->path.abpos != 0 && ovl->path.bbpos != 0)
+              continue;
+            if (ovl->path.aepos != aln->alen && ovl->path.bepos != aln->blen)
+              continue;
+          }
+
+        //  If -M option then check the completeness of the implied mapping
+
+        if (MAP)
+          { while (ovl->bread != blast)
+              { if (!match && seen && !(lhalf && rhalf))
+                  { printf("Missing ");
+                    Print_Number((int64) blast+1,br_wide+1,stdout);
+                    printf(" %d ->%lld\n",db2->reads[blast].rlen,db2->reads[blast].coff);
+                  }
+                match = 0;
+                seen  = 0; 
+                lhalf = rhalf = 0;
+                blast += 1;
+              }
+            seen = 1;
+            if (ovl->path.abpos == 0)
+              rhalf = 1;
+            if (ovl->path.aepos == aln->alen)
+              lhalf = 1;
+            if (ovl->path.bbpos != 0 || ovl->path.bepos != aln->blen)
+              continue;
+            match = 1;
+          }
+
+        //  Display it
+            
+        if (ALIGN || CARTOON || REFERENCE)
+          printf("\n");
+        if (FLIP)
+          { Flip_Alignment(aln,0);
+            Print_Number((int64) ovl->bread+1,ar_wide+1,stdout);
+            printf("  ");
+            Print_Number((int64) ovl->aread+1,br_wide+1,stdout);
+          }
+        else
+          { Print_Number((int64) ovl->aread+1,ar_wide+1,stdout);
+            printf("  ");
+            Print_Number((int64) ovl->bread+1,br_wide+1,stdout);
+          }
+        if (COMP(ovl->flags))
+          printf(" c");
+        else
+          printf(" n");
+        printf("   [");
+        Print_Number((int64) ovl->path.abpos,ai_wide,stdout);
+        printf("..");
+        Print_Number((int64) ovl->path.aepos,ai_wide,stdout);
+        printf("] x [");
+        Print_Number((int64) ovl->path.bbpos,bi_wide,stdout);
+        printf("..");
+        Print_Number((int64) ovl->path.bepos,bi_wide,stdout);
+        printf("]");
+
+        if (ALIGN || CARTOON || REFERENCE)
+          { if (ALIGN || REFERENCE)
+              { char *aseq, *bseq;
+                int   amin,  amax;
+                int   bmin,  bmax;
+
+                if (FLIP)
+                  Flip_Alignment(aln,0);
+                if (small)
+                  Decompress_TraceTo16(ovl);
+
+                amin = ovl->path.abpos - BORDER;
+                if (amin < 0) amin = 0;
+                amax = ovl->path.aepos + BORDER;
+                if (amax > aln->alen) amax = aln->alen;
+                if (COMP(aln->flags))
+                  { bmin = (aln->blen-ovl->path.bepos) - BORDER;
+                    if (bmin < 0) bmin = 0;
+                    bmax = (aln->blen-ovl->path.bbpos) + BORDER;
+                    if (bmax > aln->blen) bmax = aln->blen;
+                  }
+                else
+                  { bmin = ovl->path.bbpos - BORDER;
+                    if (bmin < 0) bmin = 0;
+                    bmax = ovl->path.bepos + BORDER;
+                    if (bmax > aln->blen) bmax = aln->blen;
+                  }
+
+                aseq = Load_Subread(db1,ovl->aread,amin,amax,abuffer,0);
+                bseq = Load_Subread(db2,ovl->bread,bmin,bmax,bbuffer,0);
+
+                aln->aseq = aseq - amin;
+                if (COMP(aln->flags))
+                  { Complement_Seq(bseq,bmax-bmin);
+                    aln->bseq = bseq - (aln->blen - bmax);
+                  }
+                else
+                  aln->bseq = bseq - bmin;
+
+                Compute_Trace_PTS(aln,work,tspace);
+
+                if (FLIP)
+                  { if (COMP(aln->flags))
+                      { Complement_Seq(aseq,amax-amin);
+                        Complement_Seq(bseq,bmax-bmin);
+                        aln->aseq = aseq - (aln->alen - amax);
+                        aln->bseq = bseq - bmin;
+                      }
+                    Flip_Alignment(aln,1);
+                  }
+              }
+            if (CARTOON)
+              { printf("  (");
+                Print_Number(tps,tp_wide,stdout);
+                printf(" trace pts)\n\n");
+                Alignment_Cartoon(stdout,aln,INDENT,mx_wide);
+              }
+            else
+              { printf(" :   = ");
+                Print_Number((int64) ovl->path.diffs,mn_wide,stdout);
+                printf(" diffs  (");
+                Print_Number(tps,tp_wide,stdout);
+                printf(" trace pts)\n");
+              }
+            if (REFERENCE)
+              Print_Reference(stdout,aln,work,INDENT,WIDTH,BORDER,UPPERCASE,mx_wide);
+            if (ALIGN)
+              Print_Alignment(stdout,aln,work,INDENT,WIDTH,BORDER,UPPERCASE,mx_wide);
+          }
+        else
+          { printf(" :   < ");
+            Print_Number((int64) ovl->path.diffs,mn_wide,stdout);
+            printf(" diffs  (");
+            Print_Number(tps,tp_wide,stdout);
+            printf(" trace pts)\n");
+          }
+      }
+
+    free(trace);
+    if (ALIGN)
+      { free(bbuffer-1);
+        free(abuffer-1);
+        Free_Work_Data(work);
+      }
+  }
+
+  Close_DB(db1);
+  if (ISTWO)
+    Close_DB(db2);
+
+  exit (0);
+}
diff --git a/LAsort.c b/LAsort.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3dc7a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LAsort.c
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+/************************************************************************************\
+*                                                                                    *
+* Copyright (c) 2014, Dr. Eugene W. Myers (EWM). All rights reserved.                *
+*                                                                                    *
+* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,   *
+* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this     *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.                                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this  *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or     *
+*    other materials provided with the distribution.                                 *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · The name of EWM may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from     *
+*    this software without specific prior written permission.                        *
+*                                                                                    *
+* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY EWM ”AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,    *
+* INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND       *
+* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL EWM BE LIABLE   *
+* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES *
+* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS  *
+* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY      *
+* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING     *
+* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN  *
+* IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+* For any issues regarding this software and its use, contact EWM at:                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*   Eugene W. Myers Jr.                                                              *
+*   Bautzner Str. 122e                                                               *
+*   01099 Dresden                                                                    *
+*   GERMANY                                                                          *
+*   Email: gene.myers at gmail.com                                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+\************************************************************************************/
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Load a file U.las of overlaps into memory, sort them all by A,B index,
+ *    and then output the result to U.S.las
+ *
+ *  Author:  Gene Myers
+ *  Date  :  July 2013
+ *
+ *******************************************************************************************/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include "DB.h"
+#include "align.h"
+
+static char *Usage = "[-v] <align:las> ...";
+
+#define MEMORY   1000   //  How many megabytes for output buffer
+
+static char *IBLOCK;
+
+static int SORT_OVL(const void *x, const void *y)
+{ int64 l = *((int64 *) x);
+  int64 r = *((int64 *) y);
+
+  Overlap *ol, *or;
+  int      al, ar;
+  int      bl, br;
+  int      pl, pr;
+
+  ol = (Overlap *) (IBLOCK+l);
+  al = ol->aread;
+  bl = ol->bread;
+
+  or = (Overlap *) (IBLOCK+r);
+  ar = or->aread;
+  br = or->bread;
+
+  if (al != ar)
+    return (al-ar);
+  if (bl != br)
+    return (bl-br);
+
+  pl = ol->path.abpos;
+  pr = or->path.abpos;
+
+  return (pl-pr);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{ char     *iblock, *fblock;
+  int64     isize,   osize;
+  int64     ovlsize, ptrsize;
+  int       tspace, tbytes;
+  int       i;
+
+  int       VERBOSE;
+ 
+  //  Process options
+
+  { int j, k;
+    int flags[128];
+
+    ARG_INIT("LAsort")
+
+    j = 1;
+    for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+      if (argv[i][0] == '-')
+        { ARG_FLAGS("v") }
+      else
+        argv[j++] = argv[i];
+    argc = j;
+
+    VERBOSE = flags['v'];
+
+    if (argc <= 1)
+      { fprintf(stderr,"Usage: %s %s\n",Prog_Name,Usage);
+        exit (1);
+      }
+  }
+
+  //  For each file do
+
+  ptrsize = sizeof(void *);
+  ovlsize = sizeof(Overlap) - ptrsize;
+  isize   = 0;
+  iblock  = NULL;
+  osize   = MEMORY * 1000000ll;
+  fblock  = Malloc(osize,"Allocating LAsort output block");
+
+  for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+    { int64    *perm;
+      FILE     *input, *foutput;
+      int64     novl;
+
+      //  Read in the entire file and output header
+
+      { int64  size;
+        struct stat info;
+        char  *pwd, *root, *name;
+
+        pwd   = PathTo(argv[i]);
+        root  = Root(argv[i],".las");
+        name  = Catenate(pwd,"/",root,".las");
+        input = Fopen(name,"r");
+        if (input == NULL)
+          exit (1);
+
+        stat(name,&info);
+        size = info.st_size;
+
+        if (fread(&novl,sizeof(int64),1,input) != 1)
+          SYSTEM_ERROR
+        if (fread(&tspace,sizeof(int),1,input) != 1)
+          SYSTEM_ERROR
+
+        if (tspace <= TRACE_XOVR)
+          tbytes = sizeof(uint8);
+        else
+          tbytes = sizeof(uint16);
+
+        if (VERBOSE)
+          { printf("  %s: ",root);
+            Print_Number(novl,0,stdout);
+            printf(" records ");
+            Print_Number(size-novl*ovlsize,0,stdout);
+            printf(" trace bytes\n");
+            fflush(stdout);
+          }
+
+        foutput = Fopen(Catenate(pwd,"/",root,".S.las"),"w");
+        if (foutput == NULL)
+          exit (1);
+
+        fwrite(&novl,sizeof(int64),1,foutput);
+        fwrite(&tspace,sizeof(int),1,foutput);
+
+        free(pwd);
+        free(root);
+
+        if (size > isize)
+          { if (iblock == NULL)
+              iblock = Malloc(size+ptrsize,"Allocating LAsort input block");
+            else
+              iblock = Realloc(iblock-ptrsize,size+ptrsize,"Allocating LAsort input block");
+            if (iblock == NULL)
+              exit (1);
+            iblock += ptrsize;
+            isize   = size;
+          }
+        size -= (sizeof(int64) + sizeof(int));
+        if (size > 0)
+          { if (fread(iblock,size,1,input) != 1)
+              SYSTEM_ERROR
+          }
+        fclose(input);
+      }
+
+      //  Set up unsorted permutation array
+
+      perm = (int64 *) Malloc(sizeof(int64)*novl,"Allocating LAsort permutation vector");
+      if (perm == NULL)
+        exit (1);
+
+      { int64 off;
+        int   j;
+
+        off = -ptrsize;
+        for (j = 0; j < novl; j++)
+          { perm[j] = off;
+            off += ovlsize + ((Overlap *) (iblock+off))->path.tlen*tbytes;
+          }
+      }
+
+      //  Sort permutation array of ptrs to records
+
+      IBLOCK = iblock;
+      qsort(perm,novl,sizeof(int64),SORT_OVL);
+
+      //  Output the records in sorted order
+
+      { int      j;
+        Overlap *w;
+        int64    tsize, span;
+        char    *fptr, *ftop;
+
+        fptr = fblock;
+        ftop = fblock + osize;
+        for (j = 0; j < novl; j++)
+          { w = (Overlap *) (iblock+perm[j]);
+            tsize = w->path.tlen*tbytes;
+            span  = ovlsize + tsize;
+            if (fptr + span > ftop)
+              { fwrite(fblock,1,fptr-fblock,foutput);
+                fptr = fblock;
+              }
+            memcpy(fptr,((char *) w)+ptrsize,ovlsize);
+            fptr += ovlsize;
+            memcpy(fptr,(char *) (w+1),tsize);
+            fptr += tsize;
+          }
+        if (fptr > fblock)
+          fwrite(fblock,1,fptr-fblock,foutput);
+      }
+
+      free(perm);
+      fclose(foutput);
+    }
+
+  if (iblock != NULL)
+    free(iblock - ptrsize);
+  free(fblock);
+
+  exit (0);
+}
diff --git a/LAsplit.c b/LAsplit.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28b561f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LAsplit.c
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+/************************************************************************************\
+*                                                                                    *
+* Copyright (c) 2014, Dr. Eugene W. Myers (EWM). All rights reserved.                *
+*                                                                                    *
+* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,   *
+* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this     *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.                                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this  *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or     *
+*    other materials provided with the distribution.                                 *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · The name of EWM may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from     *
+*    this software without specific prior written permission.                        *
+*                                                                                    *
+* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY EWM ”AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,    *
+* INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND       *
+* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL EWM BE LIABLE   *
+* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES *
+* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS  *
+* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY      *
+* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING     *
+* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN  *
+* IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+* For any issues regarding this software and its use, contact EWM at:                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*   Eugene W. Myers Jr.                                                              *
+*   Bautzner Str. 122e                                                               *
+*   01099 Dresden                                                                    *
+*   GERMANY                                                                          *
+*   Email: gene.myers at gmail.com                                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+\************************************************************************************/
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Split an OVL file arriving from the standard input into 'parts' equal sized .las-files
+ *    <align>.1.las, <align>.2.las ... or according to a current partitioning of <path>
+ *
+ *  Author:  Gene Myers
+ *  Date  :  June 2014
+ *
+ *******************************************************************************************/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include "DB.h"
+#include "align.h"
+
+static char *Usage = "<align:las> (<parts:int> | <path:db|dam>) < <source>.las";
+
+#define MEMORY   1000   //  How many megabytes for output buffer
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{ char     *iblock, *oblock;
+  FILE     *output, *dbvis;
+  int64     novl, bsize, ovlsize, ptrsize;
+  int       parts, tspace, tbytes;
+  int       olast, blast;
+  char     *root, *pwd;
+
+  Prog_Name = Strdup("LAsplit","");
+
+  if (argc != 3)
+    { fprintf(stderr,"Usage: %s %s\n",Prog_Name,Usage);
+      exit (1);
+    }
+
+  { char *eptr;
+    int   nfiles, cutoff, all;
+    int64 size;
+    char  buffer[2*MAX_NAME+100];
+
+    parts = strtol(argv[2],&eptr,10);
+    if (*eptr != '\0')
+      { pwd   = PathTo(argv[2]);
+        if (strcmp(argv[2]+(strlen(argv[2])-4),".dam") == 0)
+          root  = Root(argv[2],".dam");
+        else
+          root  = Root(argv[2],".db");
+        dbvis = fopen(Catenate(pwd,"/",root,".dam"),"r");
+        if (dbvis == NULL)
+          { dbvis = fopen(Catenate(pwd,"/",root,".db"),"r");
+            if (dbvis == NULL)
+              { fprintf(stderr,"%s: Second argument '%s' is not an integer or a DB\n",
+                               Prog_Name,argv[2]);
+                exit (1);
+              }
+          }
+        free(pwd);
+        free(root);
+
+        if (fscanf(dbvis,DB_NFILE,&nfiles) != 1)
+          SYSTEM_ERROR
+        while (nfiles-- > 0)
+          if (fgets(buffer,2*MAX_NAME+100,dbvis) == NULL)
+            SYSTEM_ERROR
+        parts = 0;
+        if (fscanf(dbvis,DB_NBLOCK,&parts) != 1)
+          { fprintf(stderr,"%s: DB %s has not been partitioned\n",Prog_Name,argv[2]);
+            exit (1);
+          }
+        if (fscanf(dbvis,DB_PARAMS,&size,&cutoff,&all) != 3)
+          SYSTEM_ERROR
+        if (fscanf(dbvis,DB_BDATA,&olast,&blast) != 2)
+          SYSTEM_ERROR
+      }
+    else
+      { dbvis = NULL;
+        if (parts <= 0)
+          { fprintf(stderr,"%s: Number of parts is not positive\n",Prog_Name);
+            exit (1);
+          }
+      }
+  }
+
+  ptrsize = sizeof(void *);
+  ovlsize = sizeof(Overlap) - ptrsize;
+  bsize   = MEMORY * 1000000ll;
+  oblock  = (char *) Malloc(bsize,"Allocating output block");
+  iblock  = (char *) Malloc(bsize + ptrsize,"Allocating input block");
+  if (oblock == NULL || iblock == NULL)
+    exit (1);
+  iblock += ptrsize;
+
+  pwd   = PathTo(argv[1]);
+  root  = Root(argv[1],".las");
+
+  if (fread(&novl,sizeof(int64),1,stdin) != 1)
+    SYSTEM_ERROR
+  if (fread(&tspace,sizeof(int),1,stdin) != 1)
+    SYSTEM_ERROR
+  if (tspace <= TRACE_XOVR)
+    tbytes = sizeof(uint8);
+  else
+    tbytes = sizeof(uint16);
+
+  { int      i, j;
+    Overlap *w;
+    int      low, hgh, last;
+    int64    tsize, povl;
+    char    *iptr, *itop;
+    char    *optr, *otop;
+
+    iptr = iblock;
+    itop = iblock + fread(iblock,1,bsize,stdin);
+
+    hgh = 0;
+    for (i = 0; i < parts; i++)
+      { output = Fopen(Catenate(pwd,"/",root,Numbered_Suffix(".",i+1,".las")),"w");
+        if (output == NULL)
+          exit (1);
+
+        low = hgh;
+        if (dbvis != NULL)
+          { if (fscanf(dbvis,DB_BDATA,&olast,&blast) != 2)
+              SYSTEM_ERROR
+            last = blast-1;
+            hgh  = 0;
+          }
+        else
+          { last = 0;
+            hgh  = (novl*(i+1))/parts;
+          }
+
+        povl = 0;
+        fwrite(&povl,sizeof(int64),1,output);
+        fwrite(&tspace,sizeof(int),1,output);
+
+        optr = oblock;
+        otop = oblock + bsize;
+
+        for (j = low; j < novl; j++)
+          { if (iptr + ovlsize > itop)
+              { int64 remains = itop-iptr;
+                if (remains > 0)
+                  memcpy(iblock,iptr,remains);
+                iptr  = iblock;
+                itop  = iblock + remains;
+                itop += fread(itop,1,bsize-remains,stdin);
+              }
+
+            w = (Overlap *) (iptr-ptrsize);
+            if (dbvis == NULL)
+              { if (j >= hgh && w->aread > last)
+                  break;
+                last = w->aread;
+              }
+            else
+              { if (w->aread > last)
+                  break;
+              }
+
+            tsize = w->path.tlen*tbytes;
+            if (optr + ovlsize + tsize > otop)
+              { fwrite(oblock,1,optr-oblock,output);
+                optr = oblock;
+              }
+            
+            memcpy(optr,iptr,ovlsize);
+            optr += ovlsize;
+            iptr += ovlsize;
+
+            if (iptr + tsize > itop)
+              { int64 remains = itop-iptr;
+                if (remains > 0)
+                  memcpy(iblock,iptr,remains);
+                iptr  = iblock;
+                itop  = iblock + remains;
+                itop += fread(itop,1,bsize-remains,stdin);
+              }
+	    memcpy(optr,iptr,tsize);
+            optr += tsize;
+            iptr += tsize;
+          }
+        hgh = j;
+
+        if (optr > oblock)
+          fwrite(oblock,1,optr-oblock,output);
+
+        rewind(output);
+        povl = hgh-low;
+        fwrite(&povl,sizeof(int64),1,output);
+
+        fclose(output);
+      }
+  }
+
+  free(pwd);
+  free(root);
+  free(iblock-ptrsize);
+  free(oblock);
+
+  exit (0);
+}
diff --git a/LAupgrade.Dec.31.2014.c b/LAupgrade.Dec.31.2014.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3b2321
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LAupgrade.Dec.31.2014.c
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+/************************************************************************************\
+*                                                                                    *
+* Copyright (c) 2014, Dr. Eugene W. Myers (EWM). All rights reserved.                *
+*                                                                                    *
+* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,   *
+* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this     *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.                                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this  *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or     *
+*    other materials provided with the distribution.                                 *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · The name of EWM may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from     *
+*    this software without specific prior written permission.                        *
+*                                                                                    *
+* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY EWM ”AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,    *
+* INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND       *
+* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL EWM BE LIABLE   *
+* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES *
+* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS  *
+* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY      *
+* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING     *
+* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN  *
+* IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+* For any issues regarding this software and its use, contact EWM at:                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*   Eugene W. Myers Jr.                                                              *
+*   Bautzner Str. 122e                                                               *
+*   01099 Dresden                                                                    *
+*   GERMANY                                                                          *
+*   Email: gene.myers at gmail.com                                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+\************************************************************************************/
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Merge together in index order, overlap files <XXX>.1.las, <XXX>.2.las, ... into a
+ *    single overlap file and output to the standard output
+ *
+ *  Author:  Gene Myers
+ *  Date  :  July 2013
+ *
+ *******************************************************************************************/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include "DB.h"
+#include "align.h"
+
+typedef struct
+  { void     *trace;
+    uint16    tlen;
+    uint16    diffs;
+    uint16    abpos, bbpos;
+    uint16    aepos, bepos;
+  } PathOld;
+
+typedef struct {
+  PathOld path;
+  int     aread;
+  int     bread;
+  uint16  alen;
+  uint16  blen;
+  int     flags;
+} OverlapOld;
+
+static char *Usage = "<source:las> > <target>.las";
+
+#define MEMORY   1000   //  How many megabytes for output buffer
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{ char     *iblock, *oblock;
+  FILE     *input;
+  int64     novl, bsize, ovlsize, newsize, ptrsize;
+  int       tspace, tbytes;
+  char     *pwd, *root;
+
+  Prog_Name = Strdup("Upgrade","");
+
+  if (argc <= 1)
+    { fprintf(stderr,"Usage: %s %s\n",Prog_Name,Usage);
+      exit (1);
+    }
+
+  ptrsize = sizeof(void *);
+  ovlsize = sizeof(OverlapOld) - ptrsize;
+  newsize = sizeof(Overlap   ) - ptrsize;
+  bsize   = MEMORY * 1000000ll;
+  oblock  = (char *) Malloc(bsize,"Allocating output block");
+  iblock  = (char *) Malloc(bsize + ptrsize,"Allocating input block");
+  if (oblock == NULL || iblock == NULL)
+    exit (1);
+  iblock += ptrsize;
+
+  pwd   = PathTo(argv[1]);
+  root  = Root(argv[1],".las");
+  input = Fopen(Catenate(pwd,"/",root,".las"),"r");
+  if (input == NULL)
+    exit (1);
+  free(pwd);
+  free(root);
+
+  if (fread(&novl,sizeof(int64),1,input) != 1)
+    SYSTEM_ERROR
+  if (fread(&tspace,sizeof(int),1,input) != 1)
+    SYSTEM_ERROR
+  if (tspace <= TRACE_XOVR)
+    tbytes = sizeof(uint8);
+  else
+    tbytes = sizeof(uint16);
+
+  fwrite(&novl,sizeof(int64),1,stdout);
+  fwrite(&tspace,sizeof(int32),1,stdout);
+
+  { int         j;
+    OverlapOld *w;
+    Overlap    *v;
+    int64       tsize;
+    char       *iptr, *itop;
+    char       *optr, *otop;
+
+    optr = oblock;
+    otop = oblock + bsize;
+
+    iptr = iblock;
+    itop = iblock + fread(iblock,1,bsize,input);
+
+    for (j = 0; j < novl; j++)
+      { if (iptr + ovlsize > itop)
+          { int64 remains = itop-iptr;
+            if (remains > 0)
+              memcpy(iblock,iptr,remains);
+            iptr  = iblock;
+            itop  = iblock + remains;
+            itop += fread(itop,1,bsize-remains,input);
+          }
+
+        w = (OverlapOld *) (iptr - ptrsize);
+        tsize = w->path.tlen*tbytes;
+
+        if (optr + newsize + tsize > otop)
+          { fwrite(oblock,1,optr-oblock,stdout);
+            optr = oblock;
+          }
+
+        v = (Overlap *) (optr - ptrsize);
+        v->path.abpos = w->path.abpos;
+        v->path.bbpos = w->path.bbpos;
+        v->path.aepos = w->path.aepos;
+        v->path.bepos = w->path.bepos;
+        v->path.diffs = w->path.diffs;
+        v->path.tlen  = w->path.tlen;
+        v->aread      = w->aread;
+        v->bread      = w->bread;
+        v->flags      = w->flags;
+
+        optr += newsize;
+        iptr += ovlsize;
+
+        if (iptr + tsize > itop)
+          { int64 remains = itop-iptr;
+            if (remains > 0)
+              memcpy(iblock,iptr,remains);
+            iptr  = iblock;
+            itop  = iblock + remains;
+            itop += fread(itop,1,bsize-remains,input);
+          }
+        
+        memcpy(optr,iptr,tsize);
+        optr += tsize;
+        iptr += tsize;
+      }
+    if (optr > oblock)
+      fwrite(oblock,1,optr-oblock,stdout);
+  }
+
+  fclose(input);
+  free(oblock);
+  free(iblock-ptrsize);
+
+  exit (0);
+}
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdfe3f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+CFLAGS = -O3 -Wall -Wextra -fno-strict-aliasing
+
+ALL = daligner HPCdaligner HPCmapper LAsort LAmerge LAsplit LAcat LAshow LAcheck
+
+all: $(ALL)
+
+daligner: daligner.c filter.c filter.h align.c align.h DB.c DB.h QV.c QV.h
+	gcc $(CFLAGS) -o daligner daligner.c filter.c align.c DB.c QV.c -lpthread -lm
+
+HPCdaligner: HPCdaligner.c DB.c DB.h QV.c QV.h
+	gcc $(CFLAGS) -o HPCdaligner HPCdaligner.c DB.c QV.c -lm
+
+HPCmapper: HPCmapper.c DB.c DB.h QV.c QV.h
+	gcc $(CFLAGS) -o HPCmapper HPCmapper.c DB.c QV.c -lm
+
+LAsort: LAsort.c align.h DB.c DB.h QV.c QV.h
+	gcc $(CFLAGS) -o LAsort LAsort.c DB.c QV.c -lm
+
+LAmerge: LAmerge.c align.h DB.c DB.h QV.c QV.h
+	gcc $(CFLAGS) -o LAmerge LAmerge.c DB.c QV.c -lm
+
+LAshow: LAshow.c align.c align.h DB.c DB.h QV.c QV.h
+	gcc $(CFLAGS) -o LAshow LAshow.c align.c DB.c QV.c -lm
+
+LAcat: LAcat.c align.h DB.c DB.h QV.c QV.h
+	gcc $(CFLAGS) -o LAcat LAcat.c DB.c QV.c -lm
+
+LAsplit: LAsplit.c align.h DB.c DB.h QV.c QV.h
+	gcc $(CFLAGS) -o LAsplit LAsplit.c DB.c QV.c -lm
+
+LAcheck: LAcheck.c align.c align.h DB.c DB.h QV.c QV.h
+	gcc $(CFLAGS) -o LAcheck LAcheck.c align.c DB.c QV.c -lm
+
+LAupgrade.Dec.31.2014: LAupgrade.Dec.31.2014.c align.c align.h DB.c DB.h QV.c QV.h
+	gcc $(CFLAGS) -o LAupgrade.Dec.31.2014 LAupgrade.Dec.31.2014.c align.c DB.c QV.c -lm
+
+clean:
+	rm -f $(ALL)
+	rm -fr *.dSYM
+	rm -f LAupgrade.Dec.31.2014
+	rm -f daligner.tar.gz
+
+install:
+	cp $(ALL) ~/bin
+
+package:
+	make clean
+	tar -zcf daligner.tar.gz README *.h *.c Makefile
diff --git a/QV.c b/QV.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38f6db4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/QV.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1406 @@
+/************************************************************************************\
+*                                                                                    *
+* Copyright (c) 2014, Dr. Eugene W. Myers (EWM). All rights reserved.                *
+*                                                                                    *
+* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,   *
+* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this     *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.                                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this  *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or     *
+*    other materials provided with the distribution.                                 *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · The name of EWM may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from     *
+*    this software without specific prior written permission.                        *
+*                                                                                    *
+* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY EWM ”AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,    *
+* INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND       *
+* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL EWM BE LIABLE   *
+* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES *
+* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS  *
+* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY      *
+* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING     *
+* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN  *
+* IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+* For any issues regarding this software and its use, contact EWM at:                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*   Eugene W. Myers Jr.                                                              *
+*   Bautzner Str. 122e                                                               *
+*   01099 Dresden                                                                    *
+*   GERMANY                                                                          *
+*   Email: gene.myers at gmail.com                                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+\************************************************************************************/
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Compressor/decompressor for .quiv files: customized Huffman codes for each stream based on
+ *    the histogram of values occuring in a given file.  The two low complexity streams
+ *    (deletionQV and substitutionQV) use a Huffman coding of the run length of the prevelant
+ *    character.
+ *
+ *  Author:   Gene Myers
+ *  Date:     Jan 18, 2014
+ *  Modified: July 25, 2014
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "DB.h"
+
+#undef DEBUG
+
+#define MIN_BUFFER 1000
+
+#define HUFF_CUTOFF  16   //  This cannot be larger than 16 !
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Endian flipping routines
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+static int LittleEndian;  //  Little-endian machine ?
+                          //     Referred by: Decode & Decode_Run
+static int Flip;          //  Flip endian of all coded shorts and ints
+                          //     Referred by: Decode & Decode_Run & Read_Scheme
+
+static void Set_Endian(int flip)
+{ uint32 x = 3;
+  uint8 *b = (uint8 *) (&x);
+
+  Flip         = flip;
+  LittleEndian = (b[0] == 3);
+}
+
+static void Flip_Long(void *w)
+{ uint8 *v = (uint8 *) w;
+  uint8  x;
+
+  x    = v[0];
+  v[0] = v[3];
+  v[3] = x;
+  x    = v[1];
+  v[1] = v[2];
+  v[2] = x;
+}
+
+static void Flip_Short(void *w)
+{ uint8 *v = (uint8 *) w;
+  uint8  x;
+
+  x    = v[0];
+  v[0] = v[1];
+  v[1] = x;
+}
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Routines for computing a Huffman Encoding Scheme
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+typedef struct
+  { int    type;             //  0 => normal, 1 => normal but has long codes, 2 => truncated
+    uint32 codebits[256];    //  If type = 2, then code 255 is the special code for
+    int    codelens[256];    //    non-Huffman exceptions
+    int    lookup[0x10000];  //  Lookup table (just for decoding)
+  } HScheme;
+
+typedef struct _HTree
+  { struct _HTree *lft, *rgt; 
+    uint64         count;
+  } HTree;
+
+  //  Establish heap property from node s down (1 is root, siblings of n are 2n and 2n+1)
+  //    assuming s is the only perturbation in the tree.
+
+static void Reheap(int s, HTree **heap, int hsize)
+{ int      c, l, r;
+  HTree   *hs, *hr, *hl;
+
+  c  = s;
+  hs = heap[s];
+  while ((l = 2*c) <= hsize)
+    { r  = l+1;
+      hl = heap[l];
+      hr = heap[r];
+      if (r > hsize || hr->count > hl->count)
+        { if (hs->count > hl->count)
+            { heap[c] = hl;
+              c = l;
+            }
+          else
+            break;
+        }
+      else
+        { if (hs->count > hr->count)
+            { heap[c] = hr;
+              c = r;
+            }
+          else
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+  if (c != s)
+    heap[c] = hs;
+}
+
+  //  Given Huffman tree build a table of codes from it, the low-order codelens[s] bits
+  //    of codebits[s] contain the code for symbol s.
+
+static void Build_Table(HTree *node, int code, int len, uint32 *codebits, int *codelens)
+{ if (node->rgt == NULL)
+    { uint64 symbol = (uint64) (node->lft);
+      codebits[symbol] = code;
+      codelens[symbol] = len;
+    }
+  else
+    { code <<= 1;
+      len   += 1;
+      Build_Table(node->lft,code,len,codebits,codelens);
+      Build_Table(node->rgt,code+1,len,codebits,codelens);
+    }
+}
+
+  // For the non-zero symbols in hist, compute a huffman tree over them, and then
+  //   build a table of the codes.  If inscheme is not NULL, then place all symbols
+  //   with code 255 or with more than HUFF_CUTOFF bits in the encoding by inscheme
+  //   as a single united entity, whose code signals that the value of these symbols
+  //   occur explicitly in 8 (values) or 16 (run lengths) bits following the code.
+  //   All the symbols in this class will have the same entry in the code table and
+  //   255 is always in this class.
+
+static HScheme *Huffman(uint64 *hist, HScheme *inscheme)
+{ HScheme *scheme;
+  HTree   *heap[259];
+  HTree    node[512];
+  int      hsize;
+  HTree   *lft, *rgt;
+  int      value, range;
+  int     i;
+
+  scheme = (HScheme *) Malloc(sizeof(HScheme),"Allocating Huffman scheme record");
+  if (scheme == NULL)
+    return (NULL);
+
+  hsize = 0;                        //  Load heap
+  value = 0;
+  if (inscheme != NULL)
+    { node[0].count = 0;
+      node[0].lft   = (HTree *) (uint64) 255;
+      node[0].rgt   = NULL;
+      heap[++hsize] = node+(value++);
+    }
+  for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
+    if (hist[i] > 0)
+      { if (inscheme != NULL && (inscheme->codelens[i] > HUFF_CUTOFF || i == 255))
+          node[0].count += hist[i];
+        else
+          { node[value].count = hist[i];
+            node[value].lft   = (HTree *) (uint64) i;
+            node[value].rgt   = NULL;
+            heap[++hsize] = node+(value++);
+          }
+      }
+
+  for (i = hsize/2; i >= 1; i--)    //  Establish heap property
+    Reheap(i,heap,hsize);
+
+  range = value;                    //   Merge pairs with smallest count until have a tree
+  for (i = 1; i < value; i++)
+    { lft = heap[1];
+      heap[1] = heap[hsize--];
+      Reheap(1,heap,hsize);
+      rgt = heap[1];
+      node[range].lft = lft;
+      node[range].rgt = rgt;
+      node[range].count = lft->count + rgt->count;
+      heap[1] = node+(range++);
+      Reheap(1,heap,hsize);
+    }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)        //  Build the code table
+    { scheme->codebits[i] = 0;
+      scheme->codelens[i] = 0;
+    }
+
+  Build_Table(node+(range-1),0,0,scheme->codebits,scheme->codelens);
+
+  if (inscheme != NULL)            //  Set scheme type and if truncated (2), map truncated codes
+    { scheme->type = 2;            //    to code and length for 255
+      for (i = 0; i < 255; i++)
+        if (inscheme->codelens[i] > HUFF_CUTOFF || scheme->codelens[i] > HUFF_CUTOFF)
+          { scheme->codelens[i] = scheme->codelens[255];
+            scheme->codebits[i] = scheme->codebits[255];
+          }
+    }
+  else
+    { scheme->type = 0;
+      for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
+        { if (scheme->codelens[i] > HUFF_CUTOFF)
+            scheme->type = 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+  return (scheme);
+}
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+
+  //  For debug, show the coding table
+
+static void Print_Table(HScheme *scheme, uint64 *hist, int infosize)
+{ uint64 total_bits;
+  uint32 specval, mask, code, *bits;
+  int    speclen, clen, *lens;
+  int    i, k;
+
+  total_bits = 0;
+  bits = scheme->codebits;
+  lens = scheme->codelens;
+  if (scheme->type == 2)
+    { specval = bits[255];
+      speclen = lens[255];
+    }
+  else
+    specval = speclen = 0x7fffffff;
+
+  printf("\nCode Table:\n");
+  for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
+    if (lens[i] > 0)
+      { clen = lens[i];
+        mask = (1 << clen);
+        code = bits[i];
+        printf(" %3d: %2d ",i,clen);
+        for (k = 0; k < clen; k++)
+          { mask >>= 1;
+            if (code & mask)
+              printf("1");
+            else
+              printf("0");
+          }
+        if (code == specval && clen == speclen)
+          { printf(" ***");
+            if (hist != NULL)
+              total_bits += (clen+infosize)*hist[i];
+          }
+        else if (hist != NULL)
+          total_bits += clen*hist[i];
+        printf("\n");
+      }
+  if (hist != NULL)
+    printf("\nTotal Bytes = %lld\n",(total_bits-1)/8+1);
+}
+
+  //  For debug, show the histogram
+
+static void Print_Histogram(uint64 *hist)
+{ int    i, low, hgh;
+  uint64 count;
+
+  for (hgh = 255; hgh >= 0; hgh--)
+    if (hist[hgh] != 0)
+      break;
+  for (low = 0; low < 256; low++)
+    if (hist[low] != 0)
+      break;
+  count = 0;
+  for (i = low; i <= hgh; i++)
+    count += hist[i];
+
+  for (i = hgh; i >= low; i--)
+    printf("    %3d: %8llu %5.1f%%\n",i,hist[i],(hist[i]*100.)/count);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Read and Write Huffman Schemes
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+  //  Write the code table to out.
+
+static void Write_Scheme(HScheme *scheme, FILE *out)
+{ int     i;
+  uint8   x;
+  uint32 *bits;
+  int    *lens;
+
+  lens = scheme->codelens;
+  bits = scheme->codebits;
+
+  x = (uint8) (scheme->type);
+  fwrite(&x,1,1,out);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
+    { x = (uint8) (lens[i]);
+      fwrite(&x,1,1,out);
+      if (x > 0)
+        fwrite(bits+i,sizeof(uint32),1,out);
+    }
+}
+
+  //  Allocate and read a code table from in, and return a pointer to it.
+
+static HScheme *Read_Scheme(FILE *in)
+{ HScheme *scheme;
+  int     *look, *lens;
+  uint32  *bits, base;
+  int      i, j, powr;
+  uint8    x;
+
+  scheme = (HScheme *) Malloc(sizeof(HScheme),"Allocating Huffman scheme record");
+  if (scheme == NULL)
+    return (NULL);
+
+  lens = scheme->codelens;
+  bits = scheme->codebits;
+  look = scheme->lookup;
+
+  if (fread(&x,1,1,in) != 1)
+    { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"Could not read scheme type byte (Read_Scheme)\n");
+      free(scheme);
+      return (NULL);
+    }
+  scheme->type = x;
+  for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
+    { if (fread(&x,1,1,in) != 1)
+        { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"Could not read length of %d'th code (Read_Scheme)\n",i);
+          return (NULL);
+        }
+      lens[i] = x;
+      if (x > 0)
+        { if (fread(bits+i,sizeof(uint32),1,in) != 1)
+            { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"Could not read bit encoding of %d'th code (Read_Scheme)\n",i);
+              free(scheme);
+              return (NULL);
+            }
+        }
+      else
+        bits[i] = 0;
+    }
+
+  if (Flip)
+    { for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
+        Flip_Long(bits+i);
+    }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
+    { if (lens[i] > 0)
+        { base = (bits[i] << (16-lens[i]));
+          powr = (1 << (16-lens[i]));
+          for (j = 0; j < powr; j++)
+            look[base+j] = i;
+        }
+    }
+
+  return (scheme);
+}
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Encoders and Decoders
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+  //  Encode read[0..rlen-1] according to scheme and write to out
+
+static void Encode(HScheme *scheme, FILE *out, uint8 *read, int rlen)
+{ uint32  x, c, ocode;
+  int     n, k, olen, llen;
+  int    *nlens;
+  uint32 *nbits;
+  uint32  nspec;
+  int     nslen;
+
+  nlens = scheme->codelens;
+  nbits = scheme->codebits;
+
+  if (scheme->type == 2)
+    { nspec = nbits[255];
+      nslen = nlens[255];
+    }
+  else
+    nspec = nslen = 0x7fffffff;
+
+#define OCODE(L,C)				\
+{ int    len  = olen + (L);			\
+  uint32 code = (C);				\
+						\
+  llen = olen;					\
+  if (len >= 32)				\
+    { olen   = len-32;				\
+      ocode |= (code >> olen);			\
+      fwrite(&ocode,sizeof(uint32),1,out);	\
+      if (olen > 0)				\
+        ocode = (code << (32-olen));		\
+      else					\
+        ocode = 0;				\
+    } 						\
+  else						\
+    { olen   = len;				\
+      ocode |= (code << (32-olen));;		\
+    }						\
+}
+
+  llen  = 0;
+  olen  = 0;
+  ocode = 0;
+  for (k = 0; k < rlen; k++)
+    { x = read[k];
+      n = nlens[x];
+      c = nbits[x];
+      OCODE(n,c);
+      if (c == nspec && n == nslen)
+        OCODE(8,x);
+    }
+
+  if (olen > 0)                              //  Tricky: must pad so decoder does not read past
+    { fwrite(&ocode,sizeof(uint32),1,out);   //    last integer int the coded output.
+      if (llen > 16 && olen > llen)
+        fwrite(&ocode,sizeof(uint32),1,out);
+    }
+  else if (llen > 16)
+    fwrite(&ocode,sizeof(uint32),1,out);
+}
+
+  //  Encode read[0..rlen-1] according to non-rchar table neme, and run-length table reme for
+  //    runs of rchar characters.  Write to out.
+
+static void Encode_Run(HScheme *neme, HScheme *reme, FILE *out, uint8 *read, int rlen, int rchar)
+{ uint32  x, c, ocode;
+  int     n, h, k, olen, llen;
+  int    *nlens, *rlens;
+  uint32 *nbits, *rbits;
+  uint32  nspec, rspec;
+  int     nslen, rslen;
+
+  nlens = neme->codelens;
+  nbits = neme->codebits;
+  rlens = reme->codelens;
+  rbits = reme->codebits;
+
+  if (neme->type == 2)
+    { nspec = nbits[255];
+      nslen = nlens[255];
+    }
+  else
+    nspec = nslen = 0x7fffffff;
+
+  rspec = rbits[255];
+  rslen = rlens[255];
+
+  llen  = 0;
+  olen  = 0;
+  ocode = 0;
+  k     = 0;
+  while (k < rlen)
+    { h = k;
+      while (k < rlen && read[k] == rchar)
+        k += 1;
+      if (k-h >= 255)
+        x = 255;
+      else
+        x = k-h;
+      n = rlens[x];
+      c = rbits[x];
+      OCODE(n,c);
+      if (c == rspec && n == rslen)
+        OCODE(16,k-h);
+      if (k < rlen)
+        { x = read[k];
+          n = nlens[x];
+          c = nbits[x];
+          OCODE(n,c);
+          if (c == nspec && n == nslen)
+            OCODE(8,x);
+          k += 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+  if (olen > 0)
+    { fwrite(&ocode,sizeof(uint32),1,out);
+      if (llen > 16 && olen > llen)
+        fwrite(&ocode,sizeof(uint32),1,out);
+    }
+  else if (llen > 16)
+    fwrite(&ocode,sizeof(uint32),1,out);
+}
+
+  //  Read and decode from in, the next rlen symbols into read according to scheme
+
+static int Decode(HScheme *scheme, FILE *in, char *read, int rlen)
+{ int    *look, *lens;
+  int     signal, ilen;
+  uint64  icode;
+  uint32 *ipart;
+  uint16 *xpart;
+  uint8  *cpart;
+  int     j, n, c;
+
+  if (LittleEndian)
+    { ipart = ((uint32 *) (&icode));
+      xpart = ((uint16 *) (&icode)) + 2;
+      cpart = ((uint8  *) (&icode)) + 5;
+    }
+  else
+    { ipart = ((uint32 *) (&icode)) + 1;
+      xpart = ((uint16 *) (&icode)) + 1;
+      cpart = ((uint8  *) (&icode)) + 2;
+    }
+
+  if (scheme->type == 2)
+    signal  = 255;
+  else
+    signal  = 256;
+  lens = scheme->codelens;
+  look = scheme->lookup;
+
+#define GET								\
+  if (n > ilen)								\
+    { icode <<= ilen;							\
+      if (fread(ipart,sizeof(uint32),1,in) != 1)			\
+        { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"Could not read more bits (Decode)\n");	\
+          return (1);							\
+        }								\
+      ilen    = n-ilen;							\
+      icode <<= ilen;							\
+      ilen    = 32-ilen;						\
+    }									\
+  else									\
+    { icode <<= n;							\
+      ilen   -= n;							\
+    }
+
+#define GETFLIP								\
+  if (n > ilen)								\
+    { icode <<= ilen;							\
+      if (fread(ipart,sizeof(uint32),1,in) != 1)			\
+        { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"Could not read more bits (Decode)\n");	\
+          return (1);							\
+        }								\
+      Flip_Long(ipart);							\
+      ilen    = n-ilen;							\
+      icode <<= ilen;							\
+      ilen    = 32-ilen;						\
+    }									\
+  else									\
+    { icode <<= n;							\
+      ilen   -= n;							\
+    }
+
+  n     = 16;
+  ilen  = 0;
+  icode = 0;
+  if (Flip)
+    for (j = 0; j < rlen; j++)
+      { GETFLIP
+        c = look[*xpart];
+        n = lens[c];
+        if (c == signal)
+          { GETFLIP
+            c = *cpart;
+            n = 8;
+          }
+        read[j] = (char) c;
+      }
+  else
+    for (j = 0; j < rlen; j++)
+      { GET
+        c = look[*xpart];
+        n = lens[c];
+        if (c == signal)
+          { GET
+            c = *cpart;
+            n = 8;
+          }
+        read[j] = (char) c;
+      }
+
+  return (0);
+}
+
+  //  Read and decode from in, the next rlen symbols into read according to non-rchar scheme
+  //    neme, and the rchar runlength shceme reme
+
+static int Decode_Run(HScheme *neme, HScheme *reme, FILE *in, char *read,
+                      int rlen, int rchar)
+{ int    *nlook, *nlens;
+  int    *rlook, *rlens;
+  int     nsignal, ilen;
+  uint64  icode;
+  uint32 *ipart;
+  uint16 *xpart;
+  uint8  *cpart;
+  int     j, n, c, k;
+
+  if (LittleEndian)
+    { ipart = ((uint32 *) (&icode));
+      xpart = ((uint16 *) (&icode)) + 2;
+      cpart = ((uint8  *) (&icode)) + 5;
+    }
+  else
+    { ipart = ((uint32 *) (&icode)) + 1;
+      xpart = ((uint16 *) (&icode)) + 1;
+      cpart = ((uint8  *) (&icode)) + 2;
+    }
+
+  if (neme->type == 2)
+    nsignal = 255;
+  else
+    nsignal = 256;
+  nlens = neme->codelens;
+  nlook = neme->lookup;
+
+  rlens = reme->codelens;
+  rlook = reme->lookup;
+
+  n     = 16;
+  ilen  = 0;
+  icode = 0;
+  if (Flip)
+    for (j = 0; j < rlen; j++)
+      { GETFLIP
+        c = rlook[*xpart];
+        n = rlens[c];
+        if (c == 255)
+          { GETFLIP
+            c = *xpart;
+            n = 16;
+          }
+        for (k = 0; k < c; k++)
+          read[j++] = (char) rchar;
+
+        if (j < rlen)
+          { GETFLIP
+            c = nlook[*xpart];
+            n = nlens[c];
+            if (c == nsignal)
+              { GETFLIP
+                c = *cpart;
+                n = 8;
+              }
+            read[j] = (char) c;
+          }
+      }
+  else
+    for (j = 0; j < rlen; j++)
+      { GET
+        c = rlook[*xpart];
+        n = rlens[c];
+        if (c == 255)
+          { GET
+            c = *xpart;
+            n = 16;
+          }
+        for (k = 0; k < c; k++)
+          read[j++] = (char) rchar;
+
+        if (j < rlen)
+          { GET
+            c = nlook[*xpart];
+            n = nlens[c];
+            if (c == nsignal)
+              { GET
+                c = *cpart;
+                n = 8;
+              }
+            read[j] = (char) c;
+          }
+      }
+
+  return (0);
+}
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Histogrammers
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+//  Histogram runlengths of symbol runChar in stream[0..rlen-1] into run.
+
+static void Histogram_Seqs(uint64 *hist, uint8 *stream, int rlen)
+{ int k;
+
+  for (k = 0; k < rlen; k++)
+    hist[stream[k]] += 1;
+}
+
+static void Histogram_Runs(uint64 *run, uint8 *stream, int rlen, int runChar)
+{ int k, h;
+
+  k = 0;
+  while (k < rlen)
+    { h = k;
+      while (k < rlen && stream[k] == runChar)
+        k += 1;
+      if (k-h >= 256)
+        run[255] += 1;
+      else
+        run[k-h] += 1;
+      if (k < rlen)
+        k += 1;
+    }
+}
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Reader
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+static char  *Read = NULL;   //  Referred by:  QVentry, Read_Lines, QVcoding_Scan,
+static int    Rmax = -1;     //                Compress_Next_QVentry
+
+static int    Nline;         //  Referred by:  QVcoding_Scan
+
+char *QVentry()
+{ return (Read); }
+
+//  If nlines == 1 trying to read a single header, nlines = 5 trying to read 5 QV/fasta lines
+//    for a sequence.  Place line j at Read+j*Rmax and the length of every line is returned
+//    unless eof occurs in which case return -1.  If any error occurs return -2.
+
+int Read_Lines(FILE *input, int nlines)
+{ int   i, rlen;
+  int   tmax;
+  char *tread;
+  char *other;
+
+  if (Read == NULL)
+    { tmax  = MIN_BUFFER;
+      tread = (char *) Malloc(5*tmax,"Allocating QV entry read buffer");
+      if (tread == NULL)
+        EXIT(-2);
+      Rmax = tmax;
+      Read = tread;
+    }
+
+  Nline += 1;
+  if (fgets(Read,Rmax,input) == NULL)
+    return (-1);
+
+  rlen = strlen(Read);
+  while (Read[rlen-1] != '\n')
+    { tmax  = ((int) 1.4*Rmax) + MIN_BUFFER;
+      tread = (char *) Realloc(Read,5*tmax,"Reallocating QV entry read buffer");
+      if (tread == NULL)
+        EXIT(-2);
+      Rmax = tmax;
+      Read = tread;
+      if (fgets(Read+rlen,Rmax-rlen,input) == NULL)
+        { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"Line %d: Last line does not end with a newline !\n",Nline);
+          EXIT(-2);
+        }
+      rlen += strlen(Read+rlen);
+    }
+  other = Read;
+  for (i = 1; i < nlines; i++)
+    { other += Rmax;
+      Nline += 1;
+      if (fgets(other,Rmax,input) == NULL)
+        { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"Line %d: incomplete last entry of .quiv file\n",Nline);
+          EXIT(-2);
+        }
+      if (rlen != (int) strlen(other))
+        { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"Line %d: Lines for an entry are not the same length\n",Nline);
+          EXIT(-2);
+        }
+    }
+  return (rlen-1);
+}
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Tag compression and decompression routines
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+//  Keep only the symbols in tags[0..rlen-1] for which qvs[k] != rchar and
+//    return the # of symbols kept.
+
+static int Pack_Tag(char *tags, char *qvs, int rlen, int rchar)
+{ int j, k;
+
+  j = 0;
+  for (k = 0; k < rlen; k++)
+    if (qvs[k] != rchar)
+      tags[j++] = tags[k];
+  tags[j] = '\0';
+  return (j);
+}
+
+  //  Count the # of non-rchar symbols in qvs[0..rlen-1]
+
+static int Packed_Length(char *qvs, int rlen, int rchar)
+{ int k, clen;
+
+  clen = 0;
+  for (k = 0; k < rlen; k++)
+    if (qvs[k] != rchar)
+      clen += 1;
+  return (clen);
+}
+
+  //  Unpack tags by moving its i'th char to position k where qvs[k] is the i'th non-rchar
+  //    symbol in qvs.  All other chars are set to rchar.  rlen is the length of qvs and
+  //    the unpacked result, clen is the initial length of tags.
+
+static void Unpack_Tag(char *tags, int clen, char *qvs, int rlen, int rchar)
+{ int j, k;
+
+  j = clen-1;
+  for (k = rlen-1; k >= 0; k--)
+    { if (qvs[k] == rchar)
+        tags[k] = 'n';
+      else
+        tags[k] = tags[j--];
+    }
+}
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Statistics Scan and Scheme creation and write
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+  // Read .quiva file from input, recording stats in the histograms.  If zero is set then
+  //   start the stats anew with this file.
+
+static uint64   delHist[256], insHist[256], mrgHist[256], subHist[256], delRun[256], subRun[256];
+static uint64   totChar;
+static int      delChar, subChar;
+
+  // Referred by:  QVcoding_Scan, Create_QVcoding
+
+int QVcoding_Scan(FILE *input)
+{ char *slash;
+  int   rlen;
+
+  //  Zero histograms
+
+  bzero(delHist,sizeof(uint64)*256);
+  bzero(mrgHist,sizeof(uint64)*256);
+  bzero(insHist,sizeof(uint64)*256);
+  bzero(subHist,sizeof(uint64)*256);
+
+  { int i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
+      delRun[i] = subRun[i] = 1;
+  }
+
+  totChar    = 0;
+  delChar    = -1;
+  subChar    = -1;
+
+  //  Make a sweep through the .quiva entries, histogramming the relevant things
+  //    and figuring out the run chars for the deletion and substition streams
+
+  Nline = 0;
+  while (1)
+    { int well, beg, end, qv;
+
+      rlen = Read_Lines(input,1);
+      if (rlen == -2)
+        EXIT(1);
+      if (rlen < 0)
+        break;
+
+      if (rlen == 0 || Read[0] != '@')
+        { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"Line %d: Header in quiv file is missing\n",Nline);
+          EXIT(1);
+        }
+      slash = index(Read+1,'/');
+      if (slash == NULL)
+  	{ EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Line %d: Header line incorrectly formatted ?\n",
+                         Prog_Name,Nline);
+          EXIT(1);
+        }
+      if (sscanf(slash+1,"%d/%d_%d RQ=0.%d\n",&well,&beg,&end,&qv) != 4)
+        { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"%s: Line %d: Header line incorrectly formatted ?\n",
+                         Prog_Name,Nline);
+          EXIT(1);
+        }
+
+      rlen = Read_Lines(input,5);
+      if (rlen < 0)
+        { if (rlen == -1)
+            EPRINTF(EPLACE,"Line %d: incomplete last entry of .quiv file\n",Nline);
+          EXIT(1);
+        }
+
+      Histogram_Seqs(delHist,(uint8 *) (Read),rlen);
+      Histogram_Seqs(insHist,(uint8 *) (Read+2*Rmax),rlen);
+      Histogram_Seqs(mrgHist,(uint8 *) (Read+3*Rmax),rlen);
+      Histogram_Seqs(subHist,(uint8 *) (Read+4*Rmax),rlen);
+
+      if (delChar < 0)
+        { int   k;
+          char *del = Read+Rmax;
+
+          for (k = 0; k < rlen; k++)
+            if (del[k] == 'n' || del[k] == 'N')
+              { delChar = Read[k];
+                break;
+              }
+        }
+      if (delChar >= 0)
+        Histogram_Runs( delRun,(uint8 *) (Read),rlen,delChar);
+      totChar += rlen;
+      if (subChar < 0)
+        { if (totChar >= 100000)
+            { int k;
+
+              subChar = 0;
+              for (k = 1; k < 256; k++)
+                if (subHist[k] > subHist[subChar])
+                  subChar = k;
+            }
+        }
+      if (subChar >= 0)
+        Histogram_Runs( subRun,(uint8 *) (Read+4*Rmax),rlen,subChar);
+    }
+
+  return (0);
+}
+
+  //   Using the statistics in the global stat tables, create the Huffman schemes and write
+  //   them to output.  If lossy is set, then create a lossy table for the insertion and merge
+  //   QVs.
+
+QVcoding *Create_QVcoding(int lossy)
+{ static QVcoding coding;
+
+  HScheme *delScheme, *insScheme, *mrgScheme, *subScheme;
+  HScheme *dRunScheme, *sRunScheme;
+
+  delScheme  = NULL;
+  dRunScheme = NULL;
+  insScheme  = NULL;
+  mrgScheme  = NULL;
+  subScheme  = NULL;
+  sRunScheme = NULL;
+
+  //  Check whether using a subtitution run char is a win
+
+  if (totChar < 200000 || subHist[subChar] < .5*totChar)
+    subChar = -1;
+
+  //  If lossy encryption is enabled then scale insertions and merge QVs.
+
+  if (lossy)
+    { int k;
+
+      for (k = 0; k < 256; k += 2)
+        { insHist[k] += insHist[k+1];
+          insHist[k+1] = 0;
+        }
+
+      for (k = 0; k < 256; k += 4)
+        { mrgHist[k] += mrgHist[k+1];
+          mrgHist[k] += mrgHist[k+2];
+          mrgHist[k] += mrgHist[k+3];
+          mrgHist[k+1] = 0;
+          mrgHist[k+2] = 0;
+          mrgHist[k+3] = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+  //  Build a Huffman scheme for each stream entity from the histograms
+
+#define SCHEME_MACRO(meme,hist,label,bits)	\
+  scheme = Huffman( (hist), NULL);		\
+  if (scheme == NULL)				\
+    goto error;					\
+  if (scheme->type)				\
+    { (meme) = Huffman( (hist), scheme);	\
+      free(scheme);				\
+    }						\
+  else						\
+    (meme) = scheme;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+
+#define MAKE_SCHEME(meme,hist,label,bits)	\
+  SCHEME_MACRO(meme,hist,label,bits)		\
+  printf("\n%s\n", (label) );			\
+  Print_Histogram( (hist));			\
+  Print_Table( (meme), (hist), (bits));	
+
+#else
+
+#define MAKE_SCHEME(meme,hist,label,bits)	\
+  SCHEME_MACRO(meme,hist,label,bits)
+
+#endif
+
+  { HScheme *scheme;
+
+    if (delChar < 0)
+      { MAKE_SCHEME(delScheme,delHist, "Hisotgram of Deletion QVs", 8);
+        dRunScheme = NULL;
+      }
+    else
+      { delHist[delChar] = 0;
+        MAKE_SCHEME(delScheme,delHist, "Hisotgram of Deletion QVs less run char", 8);
+        MAKE_SCHEME(dRunScheme,delRun, "Histogram of Deletion Runs QVs", 16);
+#ifdef DEBUG
+        printf("\nRun char is '%c'\n",delChar);
+#endif
+      }
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+    { int    k;
+      uint64 count;
+
+      count = 0;
+      for (k = 0; k < 256; k++)
+        count += delHist[k];
+      printf("\nDelTag will require %lld bytes\n",count/4);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    MAKE_SCHEME(insScheme,insHist, "Hisotgram of Insertion QVs", 8);
+    MAKE_SCHEME(mrgScheme,mrgHist, "Hisotgram of Merge QVs", 8);
+
+    if (subChar < 0)
+      { MAKE_SCHEME(subScheme,subHist, "Hisotgram of Subsitution QVs", 8);
+        sRunScheme = NULL;
+      }
+    else
+      { subHist[subChar] = 0;
+        MAKE_SCHEME(subScheme,subHist, "Hisotgram of Subsitution QVs less run char", 8);
+        MAKE_SCHEME(sRunScheme,subRun, "Histogram of Substitution Run QVs", 16);
+#ifdef DEBUG
+        printf("\nRun char is '%c'\n",subChar);
+#endif
+      }
+  }
+
+  //  Setup endian handling
+
+  Set_Endian(0);
+
+  coding.delScheme  = delScheme;
+  coding.insScheme  = insScheme;
+  coding.mrgScheme  = mrgScheme;
+  coding.subScheme  = subScheme;
+  coding.dRunScheme = dRunScheme;
+  coding.sRunScheme = sRunScheme;
+  coding.delChar    = delChar;
+  coding.subChar    = subChar;
+  coding.prefix     = NULL;
+  coding.flip       = 0;
+
+  return (&coding);
+
+error:
+  if (delScheme != NULL)
+    free(delScheme);
+  if (dRunScheme != NULL)
+    free(dRunScheme);
+  if (insScheme != NULL)
+    free(insScheme);
+  if (mrgScheme != NULL)
+    free(mrgScheme);
+  if (subScheme != NULL)
+    free(subScheme);
+  if (sRunScheme != NULL)
+    free(sRunScheme);
+  EXIT(NULL);
+}
+
+  // Write the encoding scheme 'coding' to 'output'
+
+void Write_QVcoding(FILE *output, QVcoding *coding)
+{
+  //   Write out the endian key, run chars, and prefix (if not NULL)
+
+  { uint16 half;
+    int    len;
+
+    half = 0x33cc;
+    fwrite(&half,sizeof(uint16),1,output);
+
+    if (coding->delChar < 0)
+      half = 256;
+    else
+      half = (uint16) (coding->delChar);
+    fwrite(&half,sizeof(uint16),1,output);
+
+    if (coding->subChar < 0)
+      half = 256;
+    else
+      half = (uint16) (coding->subChar);
+    fwrite(&half,sizeof(uint16),1,output);
+
+    len = strlen(coding->prefix);
+    fwrite(&len,sizeof(int),1,output);
+    fwrite(coding->prefix,1,len,output);
+  }
+
+  //   Write out the scheme tables
+
+  Write_Scheme(coding->delScheme,output);
+  if (coding->delChar >= 0)
+    Write_Scheme(coding->dRunScheme,output);
+  Write_Scheme(coding->insScheme,output);
+  Write_Scheme(coding->mrgScheme,output);
+  Write_Scheme(coding->subScheme,output);
+  if (coding->subChar >= 0)
+    Write_Scheme(coding->sRunScheme,output);
+}
+
+  // Read the encoding scheme 'coding' to 'output'
+
+QVcoding *Read_QVcoding(FILE *input)
+{ static QVcoding coding;
+
+  // Read endian key, run chars, and short name common to all headers
+
+  { uint16 half;
+    int    len;
+
+    if (fread(&half,sizeof(uint16),1,input) != 1)
+      { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"Could not read flip byte (Read_QVcoding)\n");
+        EXIT(NULL);
+      }
+    coding.flip = (half != 0x33cc);
+
+    if (fread(&half,sizeof(uint16),1,input) != 1)
+      { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"Could not read deletion char (Read_QVcoding)\n");
+        EXIT(NULL);
+      }
+    if (coding.flip)
+      Flip_Short(&half);
+    coding.delChar = half;
+    if (coding.delChar >= 256)
+      coding.delChar = -1;
+
+    if (fread(&half,sizeof(uint16),1,input) != 1)
+      { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"Could not read substitution char (Read_QVcoding)\n");
+        EXIT(NULL);
+      }
+    if (coding.flip)
+      Flip_Short(&half);
+    coding.subChar = half;
+    if (coding.subChar >= 256)
+      coding.subChar = -1;
+
+    //  Read the short name common to all headers
+
+    if (fread(&len,sizeof(int),1,input) != 1)
+      { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"Could not read header name length (Read_QVcoding)\n");
+        EXIT(NULL);
+      }
+    if (coding.flip)
+      Flip_Long(&len);
+    coding.prefix = (char *) Malloc(len+1,"Allocating header prefix");
+    if (coding.prefix == NULL)
+      EXIT(NULL);
+    if (len > 0)
+      { if (fread(coding.prefix,len,1,input) != 1)
+          { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"Could not read header name (Read_QVcoding)\n");
+            EXIT(NULL);
+          }
+      }
+    coding.prefix[len] = '\0';
+  }
+
+  //  Setup endian handling
+
+  Set_Endian(coding.flip);
+
+  //  Read the Huffman schemes used to compress the data
+
+  coding.delScheme  = NULL;
+  coding.dRunScheme = NULL;
+  coding.insScheme  = NULL;
+  coding.mrgScheme  = NULL;
+  coding.subScheme  = NULL;
+  coding.sRunScheme = NULL;
+
+  coding.delScheme = Read_Scheme(input);
+  if (coding.delScheme == NULL)
+    goto error;
+  if (coding.delChar >= 0)
+    { coding.dRunScheme = Read_Scheme(input);
+      if (coding.dRunScheme == NULL)
+        goto error;
+    }
+  coding.insScheme = Read_Scheme(input);
+  if (coding.insScheme == NULL)
+    goto error;
+  coding.mrgScheme = Read_Scheme(input);
+  if (coding.mrgScheme == NULL)
+    goto error;
+  coding.subScheme = Read_Scheme(input);
+  if (coding.subScheme == NULL)
+    goto error;
+  if (coding.subChar >= 0)
+    { coding.sRunScheme = Read_Scheme(input);
+      if (coding.sRunScheme == NULL)
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+  return (&coding);
+
+error:
+  if (coding.delScheme != NULL)
+    free(coding.delScheme);
+  if (coding.dRunScheme != NULL)
+    free(coding.dRunScheme);
+  if (coding.insScheme != NULL)
+    free(coding.insScheme);
+  if (coding.mrgScheme != NULL)
+    free(coding.mrgScheme);
+  if (coding.subScheme != NULL)
+    free(coding.subScheme);
+  if (coding.sRunScheme != NULL)
+    free(coding.sRunScheme);
+  EXIT(NULL);
+}
+
+  //  Free all the auxilliary storage associated with the encoding argument
+
+void Free_QVcoding(QVcoding *coding)
+{ if (coding->subChar >= 0)
+    free(coding->sRunScheme);
+  free(coding->subScheme);
+  free(coding->mrgScheme);
+  free(coding->insScheme);
+  if (coding->delChar >= 0)
+    free(coding->dRunScheme);
+  free(coding->delScheme);
+  free(coding->prefix);
+}
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Encode/Decode (w.r.t. coding) next entry from input and write to output
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+int Compress_Next_QVentry(FILE *input, FILE *output, QVcoding *coding, int lossy)
+{ int rlen, clen;
+
+  //  Get all 5 streams, compress each with its scheme, and output
+
+  rlen = Read_Lines(input,5);
+  if (rlen < 0)
+    { if (rlen == -1)
+        EPRINTF(EPLACE,"Line %d: incomplete last entry of .quiv file\n",Nline);
+      EXIT (1);
+    }
+
+  if (coding->delChar < 0)
+    { Encode(coding->delScheme, output, (uint8 *) Read, rlen);
+      clen = rlen;
+    }
+  else
+    { Encode_Run(coding->delScheme, coding->dRunScheme, output,
+                 (uint8 *) Read, rlen, coding->delChar);
+      clen = Pack_Tag(Read+Rmax,Read,rlen,coding->delChar);
+    }
+  Number_Read(Read+Rmax);
+  Compress_Read(clen,Read+Rmax);
+  fwrite(Read+Rmax,1,COMPRESSED_LEN(clen),output);
+
+  if (lossy)
+    { uint8 *insert = (uint8 *) (Read+2*Rmax);
+      uint8 *merge  = (uint8 *) (Read+3*Rmax);
+      int    k;
+
+      for (k = 0; k < rlen; k++)
+        { insert[k] = (uint8) ((insert[k] >> 1) << 1);
+          merge[k]  = (uint8) (( merge[k] >> 2) << 2);
+        }
+    }
+
+  Encode(coding->insScheme, output, (uint8 *) (Read+2*Rmax), rlen);
+  Encode(coding->mrgScheme, output, (uint8 *) (Read+3*Rmax), rlen);
+  if (coding->subChar < 0)
+    Encode(coding->subScheme, output, (uint8 *) (Read+4*Rmax), rlen);
+  else
+    Encode_Run(coding->subScheme, coding->sRunScheme, output,
+               (uint8 *) (Read+4*Rmax), rlen, coding->subChar);
+
+  return (0);
+}
+
+int Uncompress_Next_QVentry(FILE *input, char **entry, QVcoding *coding, int rlen)
+{ int clen, tlen;
+
+  //  Decode each stream and write to output
+
+  if (coding->delChar < 0)
+    { if (Decode(coding->delScheme, input, entry[0], rlen))
+        EXIT(1);
+      clen = rlen;
+      tlen = COMPRESSED_LEN(clen);
+      if (tlen > 0)
+        { if (fread(entry[1],tlen,1,input) != 1)
+            { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"Could not read deletions entry (Uncompress_Next_QVentry\n");
+              EXIT(1);
+            }
+        }
+      Uncompress_Read(clen,entry[1]);
+      Lower_Read(entry[1]);
+    }
+  else
+    { if (Decode_Run(coding->delScheme, coding->dRunScheme, input,
+                     entry[0], rlen, coding->delChar))
+        EXIT(1);
+      clen = Packed_Length(entry[0],rlen,coding->delChar);
+      tlen = COMPRESSED_LEN(clen);
+      if (tlen > 0)
+        { if (fread(entry[1],tlen,1,input) != 1)
+            { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"Could not read deletions entry (Uncompress_Next_QVentry\n");
+              EXIT(1);
+            }
+        }
+      Uncompress_Read(clen,entry[1]);
+      Lower_Read(entry[1]);
+      Unpack_Tag(entry[1],clen,entry[0],rlen,coding->delChar);
+    }
+
+  if (Decode(coding->insScheme, input, entry[2], rlen))
+    EXIT(1);
+
+  if (Decode(coding->mrgScheme, input, entry[3], rlen))
+    EXIT(1);
+
+  if (coding->subChar < 0)
+    { if (Decode(coding->subScheme, input, entry[4], rlen))
+        EXIT(1);
+    }
+  else
+    { if (Decode_Run(coding->subScheme, coding->sRunScheme, input,
+                     entry[4], rlen, coding->subChar))
+        EXIT(1);
+    }
+
+  return (0);
+}
diff --git a/QV.h b/QV.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35fbadc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/QV.h
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+/************************************************************************************\
+*                                                                                    *
+* Copyright (c) 2014, Dr. Eugene W. Myers (EWM). All rights reserved.                *
+*                                                                                    *
+* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,   *
+* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this     *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.                                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this  *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or     *
+*    other materials provided with the distribution.                                 *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · The name of EWM may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from     *
+*    this software without specific prior written permission.                        *
+*                                                                                    *
+* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY EWM ”AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,    *
+* INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND       *
+* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL EWM BE LIABLE   *
+* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES *
+* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS  *
+* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY      *
+* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING     *
+* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN  *
+* IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+* For any issues regarding this software and its use, contact EWM at:                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*   Eugene W. Myers Jr.                                                              *
+*   Bautzner Str. 122e                                                               *
+*   01099 Dresden                                                                    *
+*   GERMANY                                                                          *
+*   Email: gene.myers at gmail.com                                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+\************************************************************************************/
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Compressor/decompressor for .quiv files: customized Huffman codes for each stream based on
+ *    the histogram of values occuring in a given file.  The two low complexity streams
+ *    (deletionQV and substitutionQV) use a Huffman coding of the run length of the prevelant
+ *    character.
+ *
+ *  Author:   Gene Myers
+ *  Date:     Jan 18, 2014
+ *  Modified: July 25, 2014
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef _QV_COMPRESSOR
+
+#define _QV_COMPRESSOR
+
+  //  The defined constant INTERACTIVE (set in DB.h) determines whether an interactive or
+  //    batch version of the routines in this library are compiled.  In batch mode, routines
+  //    print an error message and exit.  In interactive mode, the routines place the error
+  //    message in EPLACE (also defined in DB.h) and return an error value, typically NULL
+  //    if the routine returns a pointer, and an unusual integer value if the routine returns
+  //    an integer.
+  //  Below when an error return is described, one should understand that this value is returned
+  //    only if the routine was compiled in INTERACTIVE mode.
+
+  //  A PacBio compression scheme
+
+typedef struct
+  { void    *delScheme;   //  Huffman scheme for deletion QVs
+    void    *insScheme;   //  Huffman scheme for insertion QVs
+    void    *mrgScheme;   //  Huffman scheme for merge QVs
+    void    *subScheme;   //  Huffman scheme for substitution QVs
+    void    *dRunScheme;  //  Huffman scheme for deletion run lengths (if delChar > 0)
+    void    *sRunScheme;  //  Huffman scheme for substitution run lengths (if subChar > 0)
+    int      delChar;     //  If > 0, run-encoded deletion value
+    int      subChar;     //  If > 0, run-encoded substitution value
+    int      flip;        //  Need to flip multi-byte integers
+    char    *prefix;      //  Header line prefix
+  } QVcoding;
+
+  // Read the next nlines of input, and QVentry returns a pointer to the first line if needed.
+  //   If end-of-input is encountered before any further input, -1 is returned.  If there is
+  //   an error than -2 is returned.  Otherwise the length of the line(s) read is returned.
+
+int       Read_Lines(FILE *input, int nlines);
+char     *QVentry();
+
+  // Read the .quiva file on input and record frequency statistics.  If there is an error
+  //  then 1 is returned, otherwise 0.
+
+int       QVcoding_Scan(FILE *input);
+
+  // Given QVcoding_Scan has been called at least once, create an encoding scheme based on
+  //   the accumulated statistics and return a pointer to it.  The returned encoding object
+  //   is *statically allocated within the routine.  If lossy is set then use a lossy scaling
+  //   for the insertion and merge streams.  If there is an error, then NULL is returned.
+
+QVcoding *Create_QVcoding(int lossy);
+
+  //  Read/write a coding scheme to input/output.  The encoding object returned by the reader
+  //    is *statically* allocated within the routine.  If an error occurs while reading then
+  //    NULL is returned.
+
+QVcoding *Read_QVcoding(FILE *input);
+void      Write_QVcoding(FILE *output, QVcoding *coding);
+
+  //  Free all the auxiliary storage associated with coding (but not the object itself!)
+
+void      Free_QVcoding(QVcoding *coding);
+
+  //  Assuming the file pointer is positioned just beyond an entry header line, read the
+  //    next set of 5 QV lines, compress them according to 'coding', and output.  If lossy
+  //    is set then the scheme is a lossy one.  A non-zero value is return only if an
+  //    error occured.
+
+int      Compress_Next_QVentry(FILE *input, FILE *output, QVcoding *coding, int lossy);
+
+  //  Assuming the input is position just beyond the compressed encoding of an entry header,
+  //    read the set of compressed encodings for the ensuing 5 QV vectors, decompress them,
+  //    and place their decompressed values into entry which is a 5 element array of character
+  //    pointers.  The parameter rlen computed from the preceeding header line, critically
+  //    provides the length of each of the 5 vectors.  A non-zero value is return only if an
+  //    error occured.
+
+int      Uncompress_Next_QVentry(FILE *input, char **entry, QVcoding *coding, int rlen);
+
+#endif // _QV_COMPRESSOR
diff --git a/README b/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b82715
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README
@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+/************************************************************************************\
+*                                                                                    *
+* Copyright (c) 2014, Dr. Eugene W. Myers (EWM). All rights reserved.                *
+*                                                                                    *
+* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,   *
+* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this     *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.                                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this  *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or     *
+*    other materials provided with the distribution.                                 *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · The name of EWM may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from     *
+*    this software without specific prior written permission.                        *
+*                                                                                    *
+* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY EWM ”AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,    *
+* INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND       *
+* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL EWM BE LIABLE   *
+* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES *
+* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS  *
+* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY      *
+* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING     *
+* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN  *
+* IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+* For any issues regarding this software and its use, contact EWM at:                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*   Eugene W. Myers Jr.                                                              *
+*   Bautzner Str. 122e                                                               *
+*   01099 Dresden                                                                    *
+*   GERMANY                                                                          *
+*   Email: gene.myers at gmail.com                                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+\************************************************************************************/
+
+/************************************************************************************\
+
+UPGRADE & DEVELOPER NOTES ! ! !
+
+  If you have already performed a big comparison and don't want to recompute all your
+local alignments in .las files, but do want to use a more recent version of the
+software that entails a change to the data structures (currently the update on
+December 31, 2014), please note the routine LAupgrade.31.2014.  This take an .las file,
+say X.las, as an argument, and writes to standard output the .las file in the new
+format.
+
+  The program can be made with "make" but is not by default created when make is
+called without an argument.
+
+  For those interested in the details, on December 30, the "alen" and "blen" fields
+were dropped to save space as they can always be gotten from the underlying DB.
+
+\************************************************************************************/
+
+
+                      The Daligner Overlap Library
+
+                                      Author:  Gene Myers
+                                      First:   July 17, 2013
+                                      Current: December 31, 2014
+
+  The commands below permit one to find all significant local alignments between reads
+encoded in Dazzler database.  The assumption is that the reads are from a PACBIO RS II
+long read sequencer.  That is the reads are long and noisy, up to 15% on average.
+
+  Recall that a database has a current partition that divides it into blocks of a size
+that can conveniently be handled by calling the "dalign" overlapper on all the pairs of
+blocks producing a collection of .las local alignment files that can then be sorted and
+merged into an ordered sequence of sorted files containing all alignments between reads
+in the data set.  The alignment records are parsimonious in that they do not record an
+alignment but simply a set of trace points, typically every 100bp or so, that allow the
+efficient reconstruction of alignments on demand.
+
+1. daligner [-vbAI] [-k<int(14)>] [-w<int(6)>] [-h<int(35)>] [-t<int>] [-M<int>]
+                    [-e<double(.70)] [-l<int(1000)] [-s<int(100)>] [-H<int>]
+                    [-m<track>]+ <subject:db|dam> <target:db|dam> ...
+
+Compare sequences in the trimmed <subject> block against those in the list of <target>
+blocks searching for local alignments involving at least -l base pairs (default 1000)
+or more, that have an average correlation rate of -e (default 70%).  The local
+alignments found will be output in a sparse encoding where a trace point on the
+alignment is recorded every -s base pairs of the a-read (default 100bp). Reads are
+compared in both orientations and local alignments meeting the criteria are output to
+one of several created files described below.  The -v option turns on a verbose
+reporting mode that gives statistics on each major step of the computation.  
+
+The options -k, -h, and -w control the initial filtration search for possible matches
+between reads.  Specifically, our search code looks for a pair of diagonal bands of
+width 2^w (default 2^6 = 64) that contain a collection of exact matching k-mers
+(default 14) between the two reads, such that the total number of bases covered by the
+k-mer hits is h (default 35). k cannot be larger than 32 in the current implementation.
+If the -b option is set, then the daligner assumes the data has a strong compositional
+bias (e.g. >65% AT rich), and at the cost of a bit more time, dynamically adjusts k-mer
+sizes depending on compositional bias, so that the mers used have an effective
+specificity of 4^k.
+
+If there are one or more interval tracks specified with the -m option, then the reads
+of the DB or DB's to which the mask applies are soft masked with the union of the
+intervals of all the interval tracks that apply, that is any k-mers that contain any
+bases in any of the masked intervals are ignored for the purposes of seeding a match.
+An interval track is a track, such as the "dust" track created by DBdust, that encodes
+a set of intervals over either the untrimmed or trimmed DB.
+
+Invariably, some k-mers are significantly over-represented (e.g. homopolymer runs).
+These k-mers create an excessive number of matching k-mer pairs and left unaddressed
+would cause daligner to overflow the available physical memory.  One way to deal with
+this is to explicitly set the -t parameter which suppresses the use of any k-mer that
+occurs more than t times in either the subject or target block.  However, a better way
+to handle the situation is to let the program automatically select a value of t that
+meets a given memory usage limit specified (in Gb) by the -M parameter.  By default
+daligner will use the amount of physical memory as the choice for -M.  If you want to
+use less, say only 8Gb on a 24Gb HPC cluster node because you want to run 3 daligner
+jobs on the node, then specify -M8.  Specifying -M0 basically indicates that you do not
+want daligner to self adjust k-mer suppression to fit within a given amount of memory.
+
+For each subject, target pair of blocks, say X and Y, the program reports alignments
+where the a-read is in X and the b-read is in Y, and vice versa.  However, if the -A
+option is set ("A" for "asymmetric") then just overlaps where the a-read is in X and
+the b-read is in Y are reported, and if X = Y, then it further reports only those
+overlaps where the a-read index is less than the b-read index.  In either case, if the
+-I option is set ("I" for "identity") then when X = Y, overlaps between different
+portions of the same read will also be found and reported.
+
+Each found alignment is recorded as -- a[ab,ae] x bo[bb,be] -- where a and b are the
+indices (in the trimmed DB) of the reads that overlap, o indicates whether the b-read
+is from the same or opposite strand, and [ab,ae] and [bb,be] are the intervals of a
+and bo, respectively, that align.  The program places these alignment records in files
+whose name is of the form X.Y.[C|N]#.las where C indicates that the b-reads are
+complemented and N indicates they are not (both comparisons are performed) and # is
+the thread that detected and wrote out the collection of alignments contained in the
+file.  That is the file X.Y.O#.las contains the alignments produced by thread # for
+which the a-read is from X and the b-read is from Y and in orientation O.  The command
+"daligner -A X Y" produces 2*NTHREAD thread files X.Y.?.las and "daligner X Y"
+produces 4*NTHREAD files X.Y.?.las and Y.X.?.las (unless X=Y in which case only
+NTHREAD files, X.X.?.las, are produced).
+
+By default daligner compares all overlaps between reads in the database that are
+greater than the minimum cutoff set when the DB or DBs were split, typically 1 or
+2 Kbp.  However, the HGAP assembly pipeline only wants to correct large reads, say
+8Kbp or over, and so needs only the overlaps where the a-read is one of the large
+reads.  By setting the -H parameter to say N, one alters daligner so that it only
+reports overlaps where the a-read is over N base-pairs long.
+
+While the default parameter settings are good for raw Pacbio data, daligner can be used
+for efficiently finding alignments in corrected reads or other less noisy reads. For
+example, for mapping applications against .dams we run "daligner -k20 -h60 -e.85" and
+on corrected reads, we typically run "daligner -k25 -w5 -h60 -e.95 -s500" and at
+these settings it is very fast.
+
+
+2. LAsort [-v] <align:las> ...
+
+Sort each .las alignment file specified on the command line. For each file it reads in
+all the overlaps in the file and sorts them in lexicographical order of (a,b,o,ab)
+assuming each alignment is recorded as a[ab,ae] x b^o[bb,be]. It then writes them all
+to a file named <align>.S.las (assuming that the input file was <align>.las). With the
+-v option set then the program reports the number of records read and written.
+
+
+3. LAmerge [-v] <merge:las> <parts:las> ...
+
+Merge the .las files <parts> into a singled sorted file <merge>, where it is assumed
+that  the input <parts> files are sorted. Due to operating system limits, the number of
+<parts> files must be <= 252.  With the -v option set the program reports the # of
+records read and written.
+
+Used correctly, LAmerge and LAsort together allow one to perform an "external" sort
+that produces a collection of sorted files containing in aggregate all the local
+alignments found by the daligner, such that their concatenation is sorted in order of
+(a,b,o,ab). In particular, this means that all the alignments for a given a-read will
+be found consecutively in one of the files.  So computations that need to look at all
+the alignments for a given read can operate in simple sequential scans of these
+sorted files.
+
+
+4. LAshow [-caroUF] [-i<int(4)>] [-w<int(100)>] [-b<int(10)>]
+      <src1:db|dam> [ <src2:db|dam> ] <align:las> [ <reads:FILE> | <reads:range> ... ]
+
+LAshow produces a printed listing of the local alignments contained in the specified
+.las file, where the a- and b-reads come from src1 or from src1 and scr2, respectively.
+If a file or list of read ranges is given then only the overlaps for which the a-read
+is in the set specified by the file or list are displayed. See DBshow for an explanation
+of how the file and list of read ranges are interpreted.  If the -F option is set then
+the roles of the a- and b- reads are reversed in the display.
+
+If the -c option is given then a cartoon rendering is displayed, and if -a or -r option
+is set then an alignment of the local alignment is displayed.  The -a option puts
+exactly -w columns per segment of the display, whereas the -r option puts exactly -w
+a-read symbols in each segment of the display.  The -r display mode is useful when one
+wants to visually compare two alignments involving the same a-read.  If a combination of
+the -c, -a, and -r flags is set, then the cartoon comes first, then the -a alignment,
+and lastly the -r alignment.  The -i option sets the indent for the cartoon and/or
+alignment displays, if they are requested.  The -b option sets the number of symbols on
+either side of the aligned segments in an alignment display, and -U specifies that
+uppercase should be used for DNA sequence instead of the default lowercase.  If the
+-o option is set then only alignments that are proper overlaps (a sequence end occurs
+at the each end of the alignment) are displayed.
+
+
+5. LAcat <source:las> > <target>.las
+
+Given argument <source>, find all files <source>.1.las, <source>.2.las, ...
+<source>.n.<las> where <source>.i.las exists for every i in [1,n].  Then
+concatenate these files in order into a single .las file and pipe the result
+to the standard output.
+
+
+6. LAsplit <target:las> (<parts:int> | <path:db|dam>) < <source>.las
+
+If the second argument is an integer n, then divide the alignment file <source>, piped
+in through the standard input, as evenly as possible into n alignment files with the
+name <target>.i.las for i in [1,n], subject to the restriction that all alignment
+records for a given a-read are in the same file.
+
+If the second argument refers to a database <path>.db that has been partitioned, then
+divide the input alignment file into block .las files where all records whose a-read is
+in <path>.i.db are in <align>.i.las.
+
+
+7. LAcheck [-vS] <src1:db|dam> [ <src2:db|dam> ] <align:las> ...
+
+LAcheck checks each .las file for structural integrity, where the a- and b-sequences
+come from src1 or from src1 and scr2, respectively.  That is, it makes sure each file
+makes sense as a plausible .las file, e.g. values are not out of bound, the number of
+records is correct, the number of trace points for a record is correct, and so on.  If
+the -S option is set then it further checks that the alignments are in sorted order.
+If the -v option is set then a line is output for each .las file saying either the
+file is OK or reporting the first error.  If the -v option is not set then the program
+runs silently.  The exit status is 0 if every file is deemed good, and 1 if at least
+one of the files looks corrupted.
+
+
+8. HPCdaligner [-vbAI] [-k<int(14)>] [-w<int(6)>] [-h<int(35)>] [-t<int>] [-M<int>]
+                       [-e<double(.70)] [-l<int(1000)] [-s<int(100)>] [-H<int>]
+                       [-m<track>]+ [-dal<int(4)>] [-deg<int(25)>]
+                       <path:db|dam> [<first:int>[-<last:int>]]
+
+HPCdaligner writes a UNIX shell script to the standard output that consists of a
+sequence of commands that effectively run daligner on all pairs of blocks of a split
+database and then externally sorts and merges them using LAsort and LAmerge into a
+collection of alignment files with names <path>.#.las where # ranges from 1 to the
+number of blocks the data base is split into. These sorted files if concatenated by say
+LAcat would contain all the alignments in sorted order (of a-read, then b-read, ...).
+Moreover, all overlaps for a given a-read are guaranteed to not be split across files,
+so one can run artifact analyzers or error correction on each sorted file in parallel.
+
+The data base must have been previously split by DBsplit and all the parameters, except
+-v, -dal, and -deg, are passed through to the calls to daligner. The defaults for these
+parameters are as for daligner. The -v flag, for verbose-mode, is also passed to all
+calls to LAsort and LAmerge. -dal and -deg options are described later. For a database
+divided into N sub-blocks, the calls to daligner will produce in total 2TN^2 .las files
+assuming daligner runs with T threads. These will then be sorted and merged into N^2
+sorted .las files, one for each block pair. These are then merged in ceil(log_deg N)
+phases where the number of files decreases geometrically in -deg until there is 1 file
+per row of the N x N block matrix. So at the end one has N sorted .las files that when
+concatenated would give a single large sorted overlap file.
+
+The -dal option (default 4) gives the desired number of block comparisons per call to
+daligner. Some must contain dal-1 comparisons, and the first dal-2 block comparisons
+even less, but the HPCdaligner "planner" does the best it can to give an average load
+of dal block comparisons per command. The -deg option (default 25) gives the maximum
+number of files that will be merged in a single LAmerge command. The planner makes the
+most even k-ary tree of merges, where the number of levels is ceil(log_deg N).
+
+If the integers <first> and <last> are missing then the script produced is for every
+block in the database.  If <first> is present then HPCdaligner produces an incremental
+script that compares blocks <first> through <last> (<last> = <first> if not present)
+against each other and all previous blocks 1 through <first>-1, and then incrementally
+updates the .las files for blocks 1 through <first>-1, and creates the .las files for
+blocks <first> through <last>.
+
+Each UNIX command line output by the HPCdaligner can be a batch job (we use the &&
+operator to combine several commands into one line to make this so). Dependencies
+between jobs can be maintained simply by first running all the daligner jobs, then all
+the initial sort jobs, and then all the jobs in each phase of the external merge sort.
+Each of these phases is separated by an informative comment line for your scripting
+convenience.
+
+
+9. HPCmapper [-vb] [-k<int(20)>] [-w<int(6)>] [-h<int(50)>] [-t<int>] [-M<int>]
+                   [-e<double(.85)] [-l<int(1000)] [-s<int(100)>] [-H<int>]
+                   [-m<track>]+ [-dal<int(4)>] [-deg<int(25)>]
+                   <ref:db|dam> <reads:db|dam> [<first:int>[-<last:int>]]
+
+HPCmapper writes a UNIX shell script to the standard output that consists of a
+sequence of commands that effectively "maps" every read in the DB <reads> against a
+reference set of sequences in the DB <ref>, recording all the found local alignments
+in the sequence of files <ref>.<reads>.1.las, <ref>.<reads>.2.las, ... where
+<ref>.<reads>.k.las contains the alignments between all of <ref> and the k'th
+block of <reads>.  The parameters are exactly the same as for HPCdaligner save that
+the -k, -h, and -e defaults are set appropriately for mapping, and the -A and -I
+options make no sense as <ref> and <reads> are expected to be distinct data sets.
+
+If the integers <first> and <last> are missing then the script produced is for every
+block in the database <reads>.  If <first> is present then HPCmapper produces an
+script that compares blocks <first> through <last> (<last> = <first> if not present)
+against DAM <ref>.
+
+
+Example:
+
+//  Recall G.db from the example in DAZZ_DB/README
+
+> cat G.db
+files =         1
+       1862 G Sim
+blocks =         2
+size =        11 cutoff =         0 all = 0
+         0         0
+      1024      1024
+      1862      1862
+> HPCdaligner -mdust -t5 G | csh -v   // Run the HPCdaligner script
+
+# Dazzler jobs (2)
+dazzler -d -t5 -mdust G.1 G.1
+dazzler -d -t5 -mdust G.2 G.1 G.2
+# Initial sort jobs (4)
+LAsort G.1.G.1.*.las && LAmerge G.L1.1.1 G.1.G.1.*.S.las && rm G.1.G.1.*.S.las
+LAsort G.1.G.2.*.las && LAmerge G.L1.1.2 G.1.G.2.*.S.las && rm G.1.G.2.*.S.las
+LAsort G.2.G.1.*.las && LAmerge G.L1.2.1 G.2.G.1.*.S.las && rm G.2.G.1.*.S.las
+LAsort G.2.G.2.*.las && LAmerge G.L1.2.2 G.2.G.2.*.S.las && rm G.2.G.2.*.S.las
+# Level 1 jobs (2)
+LAmerge G.1 G.L1.1.1 G.L1.1.2 && rm G.L1.1.1.las G.L1.1.2.las
+LAmerge G.2 G.L1.2.1 G.L1.2.2 && rm G.L1.2.1.las G.L1.2.2.las
+
+> LAshow -c -a:G -w50 G.1 | more  // Take a look at the result !
+
+G.1: 34,510 records
+
+         1          9 c   [     0.. 1,876] x [ 9,017..10,825]  ( 18 trace pts)
+
+                      12645
+    A      ---------+====>   dif/(len1+len2) = 398/(1876+1808) = 21.61%
+    B <====+---------
+       9017
+
+         1 ..........gtg-cggt--caggggtgcctgc-t-t-atcgcaatgtta
+                     |||*||||**||||||||*||||*|*|*||**|*|*||||
+      9008 gagaggccaagtggcggtggcaggggtg-ctgcgtcttatatccaggtta  27.5%
+
+        35 ta-ctgggtggttaaacttagccaggaaacctgttgaaataa-acggtgg
+           ||*|||||||||||||*|**|*||*|*||||||*|**|||||*|*|||||
+      9057 tagctgggtggttaaa-tctg-ca-g-aacctg-t--aataacatggtgg  24.0%
+
+        83 -ctagtggcttgccgtttacccaacagaagcataatgaaa-tttgaaagt
+           *||||||||*||||||||*||**||||*|||**|||||||*||||*||||
+      9100 gctagtggc-tgccgttt-ccgcacag-agc--aatgaaaatttg-aagt  20.0%
+
+       131 ggtaggttcctgctgtct-acatacagaacgacggagcgaaaaggtaccg
+           ||*|||||||||||||*|*||||*|*|*||||||||||*||||||||||*
+      9144 gg-aggttcctgctgt-tcacat-c-ggacgacggagc-aaaaggtacc-  16.0%
+
+...
+
+> LAcat G >G.las       //  Combine G.1.las & G.2.las into a single .las file
+> LAshow G G | more    //   Take another look, now at G.las
+
+G: 62,654 records
+   1    9 c   [     0.. 1,876] x [ 9,017..10,825] :   <    398 diffs  ( 18 trace pts)
+   1   38 c   [     0.. 7,107] x [ 5,381..12,330] :   <  1,614 diffs  ( 71 trace pts)
+   1   49 n   [ 5,493..14,521] x [     0.. 9,065] :   <  2,028 diffs  ( 91 trace pts)
+   1   68 n   [12,809..14,521] x [     0.. 1,758] :   <    373 diffs  ( 17 trace pts)
+   1  147 c   [     0..13,352] x [   854..14,069] :   <  2,993 diffs  (133 trace pts)
+   1  231 n   [10,892..14,521] x [     0.. 3,735] :   <    816 diffs  ( 37 trace pts)
+   1  292 c   [ 3,835..14,521] x [     0..10,702] :   <  2,353 diffs  (107 trace pts)
+   1  335 n   [ 7,569..14,521] x [     0.. 7,033] :   <  1,544 diffs  ( 70 trace pts)
+   1  377 c   [ 9,602..14,521] x [     0.. 5,009] :   <  1,104 diffs  ( 49 trace pts)
+   1  414 c   [ 6,804..14,521] x [     0.. 7,812] :   <  1,745 diffs  ( 77 trace pts)
+   1  415 c   [     0.. 3,613] x [ 7,685..11,224] :   <    840 diffs  ( 36 trace pts)
+   1  445 c   [ 9,828..14,521] x [     0.. 4,789] :   <  1,036 diffs  ( 47 trace pts)
+   1  464 n   [     0.. 1,942] x [12,416..14,281] :   <    411 diffs  ( 19 trace pts)
+
+...
diff --git a/align.c b/align.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4666fe0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/align.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3745 @@
+/************************************************************************************\
+*                                                                                    *
+* Copyright (c) 2014, Dr. Eugene W. Myers (EWM). All rights reserved.                *
+*                                                                                    *
+* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,   *
+* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this     *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.                                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this  *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or     *
+*    other materials provided with the distribution.                                 *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · The name of EWM may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from     *
+*    this software without specific prior written permission.                        *
+*                                                                                    *
+* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY EWM ”AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,    *
+* INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND       *
+* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL EWM BE LIABLE   *
+* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES *
+* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS  *
+* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY      *
+* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING     *
+* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN  *
+* IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+* For any issues regarding this software and its use, contact EWM at:                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*   Eugene W. Myers Jr.                                                              *
+*   Bautzner Str. 122e                                                               *
+*   01099 Dresden                                                                    *
+*   GERMANY                                                                          *
+*   Email: gene.myers at gmail.com                                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+\************************************************************************************/
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Fast alignment discovery and trace generation along with utilites for displaying alignments
+ *     Based on previously unpublished ideas from 2005, subsequently refined in 2013-14.  Basic
+ *     idea is to keep a dynamically selected interval of the f.r. waves from my 1986 O(nd) paper.
+ *     A recent cool idea is to not record all the details of an alignment while discovering it
+ *     but simply record trace points through which the optimal alignment passes every 100bp,
+ *     allowing rapid recomputation of the alignment details between trace points.
+ *
+ *  Author :  Gene Myers
+ *  First  :  June 2013
+ *  Current:  June 1, 2014
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#include "DB.h"
+#include "align.h"
+
+#undef    DEBUG_PASSES     //  Show forward / backward extension termini for Local_Alignment
+#undef    DEBUG_POINTS     //  Show trace points
+#undef    DEBUG_WAVE       //  Show waves of Local_Alignment
+#undef     SHOW_MATCH_WAVE //  For waves of Local_Alignment also show # of matches
+#undef    SHOW_TRAIL       //  Show trace at the end of forward and reverse passes
+#undef    SHOW_TPS         //  Show trace points as they are encountered in a wave
+
+#undef  DEBUG_EXTEND       //  Show waves of Extend_Until_Overlap
+
+#undef  DEBUG_ALIGN        //  Show division points of Compute_Trace
+#undef  DEBUG_SCRIPT       //  Show trace additions for Compute_Trace
+#undef  DEBUG_AWAVE        //  Show F/R waves of Compute_Trace
+
+#undef  SHOW_TRACE         //  Show full trace for Print_Alignment
+
+#undef  WAVE_STATS
+
+
+/****************************************************************************************\
+*                                                                                        *
+*  Working Storage Abstraction                                                           *
+*                                                                                        *
+\****************************************************************************************/
+
+typedef struct            //  Hidden from the user, working space for each thread
+  { int     vecmax;
+    void   *vector;
+    int     celmax;
+    void   *cells;
+    int     pntmax;
+    void   *points;
+    int     tramax;
+    void   *trace;
+  } _Work_Data;
+
+Work_Data *New_Work_Data()
+{ _Work_Data *work;
+  
+  work = (_Work_Data *) Malloc(sizeof(_Work_Data),"Allocating work data block");
+  if (work == NULL)
+    EXIT(NULL);
+  work->vecmax = 0;
+  work->vector = NULL;
+  work->pntmax = 0;
+  work->points = NULL;
+  work->tramax = 0;
+  work->trace  = NULL;
+  work->celmax = 0;
+  work->cells  = NULL;
+  return ((Work_Data *) work);
+}
+
+static int enlarge_vector(_Work_Data *work, int newmax)
+{ void *vec;
+  int   max;
+
+  max = ((int) (newmax*1.2)) + 10000;
+  vec = Realloc(work->vector,max,"Enlarging DP vector");
+  if (vec == NULL)
+    EXIT(1);
+  work->vecmax = max;
+  work->vector = vec;
+  return (0);
+}
+
+static int enlarge_points(_Work_Data *work, int newmax)
+{ void *vec;
+  int   max;
+
+  max = ((int) (newmax*1.2)) + 10000;
+  vec = Realloc(work->points,max,"Enlarging point vector");
+  if (vec == NULL)
+    EXIT(1);
+  work->pntmax = max;
+  work->points = vec;
+  return (0);
+}
+
+static int enlarge_trace(_Work_Data *work, int newmax)
+{ void *vec;
+  int   max;
+
+  max = ((int) (newmax*1.2)) + 10000;
+  vec = Realloc(work->trace,max,"Enlarging trace vector");
+  if (vec == NULL)
+    EXIT(1);
+  work->tramax = max;
+  work->trace  = vec;
+  return (0);
+}
+
+void Free_Work_Data(Work_Data *ework)
+{ _Work_Data *work = (_Work_Data *) ework;
+  if (work->vector != NULL)
+    free(work->vector);
+  if (work->cells != NULL)
+    free(work->cells);
+  if (work->trace != NULL)
+    free(work->trace);
+  if (work->points != NULL)
+    free(work->points);
+  free(work);
+}
+
+
+/****************************************************************************************\
+*                                                                                        *
+*  ADAPTIVE PATH FINDING                                                                 *
+*                                                                                        *
+\****************************************************************************************/
+
+  //  Absolute/Fixed Parameters
+
+#define BVEC  uint64     //  Can be uint32 if PATH_LEN <= 32
+
+#define TRIM_LEN    15   //  Report as the tip, the last wave maximum for which the last
+                         //     2*TRIM_LEN edits are prefix-positive at rate ave_corr*f(bias)
+                         //     (max value is 20)
+
+#define PATH_LEN    60   //  Follow the last PATH_LEN columns/edges (max value is 63)
+
+  //  Derivative fixed parameters
+
+#define PATH_TOP  0x1000000000000000ll   //  Must be 1 << PATH_LEN
+#define PATH_INT  0x0fffffffffffffffll   //  Must be PATH_TOP-1
+#define TRIM_MASK 0x7fff                 //  Must be (1 << TRIM_LEN) - 1
+#define TRIM_MLAG 200                    //  How far can last trim point be behind best point
+#define WAVE_LAG   30                    //  How far can worst point be behind the best point
+
+static double Bias_Factor[10] = { .690, .690, .690, .690, .780,
+                                  .850, .900, .933, .966, 1.000 };
+
+  //  Adjustable paramters
+
+typedef struct
+  { double ave_corr;
+    int    trace_space;
+    float  freq[4];
+    int    ave_path;
+    int16 *score;
+    int16 *table;
+  } _Align_Spec;
+ 
+/* Fill in bit table: TABLE[x] = 1 iff the alignment modeled by x (1 = match, 0 = mismatch)
+     has a non-negative score for every suffix of the alignment under the scoring scheme
+     where match = MATCH and mismatch = -1.  MATCH is set so that an alignment with TRIM_PCT
+     matches has zero score ( (1-TRIM_PCT) / TRIM_PCT ).                                     */
+
+#define FRACTION 1000  //  Implicit fractional part of scores, i.e. score = x/FRACTION
+
+typedef struct
+  { int    mscore;
+    int    dscore;
+    int16 *table;
+    int16 *score;
+  } Table_Bits;
+
+static void set_table(int bit, int prefix, int score, int max, Table_Bits *parms)
+{ if (bit >= TRIM_LEN)
+    { parms->table[prefix] = (int16) (score-max);
+      parms->score[prefix] = (int16) score;
+    }
+  else
+    { if (score > max)
+        max = score;
+      set_table(bit+1,(prefix<<1),score - parms->dscore,max,parms);
+      set_table(bit+1,(prefix<<1) | 1,score + parms->mscore,max,parms);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Create an alignment specification record including path tip tables & values */
+
+Align_Spec *New_Align_Spec(double ave_corr, int trace_space, float *freq)
+{ _Align_Spec *spec;
+  Table_Bits   parms;
+  double       match;
+  int          bias;
+
+  spec = (_Align_Spec *) Malloc(sizeof(_Align_Spec),"Allocating alignment specification");
+  if (spec == NULL)
+    EXIT(NULL);
+
+  spec->ave_corr    = ave_corr;
+  spec->trace_space = trace_space;
+  spec->freq[0]     = freq[0];
+  spec->freq[1]     = freq[1];
+  spec->freq[2]     = freq[2];
+  spec->freq[3]     = freq[3];
+
+  match = freq[0] + freq[3];
+  if (match > .5)
+    match = 1.-match;
+  bias = (int) ((match+.025)*20.-1.);
+  if (match < .2)
+    { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"Base bias worse than 80/20%% ! (New_Align_Spec)\n");
+      free(spec);
+      EXIT(NULL);
+    }
+
+  spec->ave_path = (int) (PATH_LEN * (1. - Bias_Factor[bias] * (1. - ave_corr)));
+  parms.mscore   = (int) (FRACTION * Bias_Factor[bias] * (1. - ave_corr));
+  parms.dscore   = FRACTION - parms.mscore;
+
+  parms.score = (int16 *) Malloc(sizeof(int16)*(TRIM_MASK+1)*2,"Allocating trim table");
+  if (parms.score == NULL)
+    { free(spec);
+      EXIT(NULL);
+    }
+  parms.table = parms.score + (TRIM_MASK+1);
+
+  set_table(0,0,0,0,&parms);
+
+  spec->table = parms.table;
+  spec->score = parms.score;
+
+  return ((Align_Spec *) spec);
+}
+
+void Free_Align_Spec(Align_Spec *espec)
+{ _Align_Spec *spec = (_Align_Spec *) espec;
+  free(spec->score);
+  free(spec);
+}
+
+double Average_Correlation(Align_Spec *espec)
+{ return (((_Align_Spec *) espec)->ave_corr); }
+
+int Trace_Spacing(Align_Spec *espec)
+{ return (((_Align_Spec *) espec)->trace_space); }
+
+float *Base_Frequencies(Align_Spec *espec)
+{ return (((_Align_Spec *) espec)->freq); }
+
+
+/****************************************************************************************\
+*                                                                                        *
+*  LOCAL ALIGNMENT FINDER: forward_/reverse_wave and Local_Alignment                     *
+*                                                                                        *
+\****************************************************************************************/
+
+
+#ifdef WAVE_STATS
+
+static int64 MAX, TOT, NWV;
+static int64 RESTARTS;
+
+void Init_Stats()
+{ MAX = TOT = NWV = 0;
+  RESTARTS = 0;
+}
+
+void Print_Stats()
+{ printf("\nMax = %lld  Ave = %.1f  # = %lld\n",MAX,(1.*TOT)/NWV,NWV);
+  printf("\nRestarts = %lld\n",RESTARTS);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_WAVE
+
+static void print_wave(int *V, int *M, int low, int hgh, int besta)
+{ int k, bestk;
+
+  (void) M;
+  printf("  [%6d,%6d]: ",low,hgh);
+  for (k = low; k <= hgh; k++)
+    { if (besta == V[k])
+        bestk = k;
+      // printf(" %3d",(V[k]+k)/2);
+      printf(" %3d",besta-V[k]);
+    }
+  printf(" : %d (%d,%d)\n",besta,(besta+bestk)/2,(besta-bestk)/2);
+#ifdef SHOW_MATCH_WAVE
+  printf("                   ");
+  for (k = low; k <= hgh; k++)
+    printf(" %3d",M[k]);
+  printf("\n");
+#endif
+  fflush(stdout);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+/* At each furthest reaching point, keep a-coordinate of point (V), bitvector
+     recording the last TRIM_LEN columns of the implied alignment (T), and the
+     # of matches (1-bits) in the bitvector (M).                               */
+
+typedef struct
+  { int ptr;
+    int diag;
+    int diff;
+    int mark;
+  } Pebble;
+
+static int VectorEl = 6*sizeof(int) + sizeof(BVEC);
+
+static int forward_wave(_Work_Data *work, _Align_Spec *spec, Alignment *align, Path *bpath,
+                        int *mind, int maxd, int mida, int minp, int maxp)
+{ char *aseq  = align->aseq;
+  char *bseq  = align->bseq;
+  Path *apath = align->path;
+
+  int     hgh, low, dif;
+  int     vlen, vmin, vmax;
+  int    *V, *M;
+  int    *_V, *_M;
+  BVEC   *T;
+  BVEC   *_T;
+
+  int    *HA, *HB;
+  int    *_HA, *_HB;
+  int    *NA, *NB;
+  int    *_NA, *_NB;
+  Pebble *cells;
+  int     avail, cmax, boff;
+
+  int     TRACE_SPACE = spec->trace_space;
+  int     PATH_AVE    = spec->ave_path;
+  int16  *SCORE       = spec->score;
+  int16  *TABLE       = spec->table;
+
+  int     besta, besty;
+  int     trima, trimy, trimd;
+  int     trimha, trimhb;
+  int     morea, morey, mored;
+  int     moreha, morehb;
+  int     more, morem, lasta;
+  int     aclip, bclip;
+
+  hgh = maxd;
+  low = *mind;
+  dif = 0;
+
+  { int span, wing;
+
+    span = (hgh-low)+1;
+    vlen = work->vecmax/VectorEl;
+    wing = (vlen - span)/2;
+    vmin = low - wing;
+    vmax = hgh + wing;
+
+    _V  = ((int *) work->vector);
+    _M  = _V + vlen;
+    _HA = _M + vlen;
+    _HB = _HA + vlen;
+    _NA = _HB + vlen;
+    _NB = _NA + vlen;
+    _T  = ((BVEC *) (_NB + vlen));
+
+    V  = _V-vmin;
+    M  = _M-vmin;
+    HA = _HA-vmin;
+    HB = _HB-vmin;
+    NA = _NA-vmin;
+    NB = _NB-vmin;
+    T  = _T-vmin;
+
+    cells = (Pebble *) (work->cells);
+    cmax  = work->celmax;
+    avail = 0;
+
+    if (COMP(align->flags))
+      boff = align->blen % TRACE_SPACE;
+    else
+      boff = 0;
+  }
+
+  /* Compute 0-wave starting from mid-line */
+
+  more  = 1;
+  aclip =  INT32_MAX;
+  bclip = -INT32_MAX;
+
+  besta  = trima  = morea = lasta = mida;
+  besty  = trimy  = morey = (mida-hgh) >> 1;
+  trimd  = mored  = 0;
+  trimha = moreha = 0;
+  trimhb = morehb = 1;
+  morem  = -1;
+
+  { int   k;
+    char *a;
+
+    a  = aseq + hgh;
+    for (k = hgh; k >= low; k--)
+      { int     y, c, d;
+        int     ha, hb;
+        int     na, nb;
+        Pebble *pb;
+
+        y = (mida-k) >> 1;
+
+        if (avail >= cmax-1)
+          { cmax  = ((int) (avail*1.2)) + 10000;
+            cells = (Pebble *) Realloc(cells,cmax*sizeof(Pebble),"Reallocating trace cells");
+            if (cells == NULL)
+              EXIT(1);
+            work->celmax = cmax;
+            work->cells  = (void *) cells;
+          }
+
+        na = ((y+k)/TRACE_SPACE)*TRACE_SPACE;
+#ifdef SHOW_TPS
+        printf(" A %d: %d,%d,0,%d\n",avail,-1,k,na); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+        pb = cells+avail;
+        pb->ptr  = -1;
+        pb->diag = k;
+        pb->diff = 0;
+        pb->mark = na;
+        ha  = avail++;
+        na += TRACE_SPACE;
+
+        nb = ((y+(TRACE_SPACE-boff))/TRACE_SPACE-1)*TRACE_SPACE+boff;
+#ifdef SHOW_TPS
+        printf(" B %d: %d,%d,0,%d\n",avail,-1,k,nb); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+        pb = cells+avail;
+        pb->ptr  = -1;
+        pb->diag = k;
+        pb->diff = 0;
+        pb->mark = nb;
+        hb  = avail++;
+        nb += TRACE_SPACE;
+
+        while (1)
+          { c = bseq[y];
+            if (c == 4)
+              { more = 0;
+                if (bclip < k)
+                  bclip = k;
+                break;
+              }
+            d = a[y];
+            if (c != d)
+              { if (d == 4) 
+                  { more  = 0;
+                    aclip = k;
+                  }
+                break;
+              }
+            y += 1;
+          }
+        c = (y << 1) + k;
+
+        while (y+k >= na)
+          { if (avail >= cmax)
+              { cmax  = ((int) (avail*1.2)) + 10000;
+                cells = (Pebble *) Realloc(cells,cmax*sizeof(Pebble),"Reallocating trace cells");
+                if (cells == NULL)
+                  EXIT(1);
+                work->celmax = cmax;
+                work->cells  = (void *) cells;
+              }
+#ifdef SHOW_TPS
+            printf(" A %d: %d,%d,0,%d\n",avail,ha,k,na); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+            pb = cells+avail;
+            pb->ptr  = ha;
+            pb->diag = k;
+            pb->diff = 0;
+            pb->mark = na;
+            ha  = avail++;
+            na += TRACE_SPACE;
+          }
+        while (y >= nb)
+          { if (avail >= cmax)
+              { cmax  = ((int) (avail*1.2)) + 10000;
+                cells = (Pebble *) Realloc(cells,cmax*sizeof(Pebble),"Reallocating trace cells");
+                if (cells == NULL)
+                  EXIT(1);
+                work->celmax = cmax;
+                work->cells  = (void *) cells;
+              }
+#ifdef SHOW_TPS
+            printf(" B %d: %d,%d,0,%d\n",avail,hb,k,nb); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+            pb = cells+avail;
+            pb->ptr  = hb;
+            pb->diag = k;
+            pb->diff = 0;
+            pb->mark = nb;
+            hb  = avail++;
+            nb += TRACE_SPACE;
+          }
+
+        if (c > besta)
+          { besta  = trima = lasta = c;
+            besty  = trimy = y;
+            trimha = ha;
+            trimhb = hb;
+          }
+
+        V[k]  = c;
+        T[k]  = PATH_INT;
+        M[k]  = PATH_LEN;
+        HA[k] = ha;
+        HB[k] = hb;
+        NA[k] = na;
+        NB[k] = nb;
+
+        a -= 1;
+      }
+  }
+
+  if (more == 0)
+    { if (bseq[besty] != 4 && aseq[besta - besty] != 4)
+        more = 1;
+      if (hgh >= aclip)
+        { hgh = aclip-1;
+          if (morem <= M[aclip])
+            { morem  = M[aclip];
+              morea  = V[aclip];
+              morey  = (morea - aclip)/2;
+              moreha = HA[aclip];
+              morehb = HB[aclip];
+            }
+        }
+      if (low <= bclip)
+        { low = bclip+1;
+          if (morem <= M[bclip])
+            { morem  = M[bclip];
+              morea  = V[bclip];
+              morey  = (morea - bclip)/2;
+              moreha = HA[bclip];
+              morehb = HB[bclip];
+            }
+        }
+      aclip =  INT32_MAX;
+      bclip = -INT32_MAX;
+    }
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_WAVE
+  printf("\nFORWARD WAVE:\n");
+  print_wave(V,M,low,hgh,besta);
+#endif
+
+  /* Compute successive waves until no furthest reaching points remain */
+
+  while (more && lasta >= besta - TRIM_MLAG)
+    { int     k, n;
+      int     ua, ub;
+      BVEC    t;
+      int     am, ac, ap;
+      char   *a;
+
+      if (low <= vmin || hgh >= vmax)
+        { int   span, wing;
+          int64 move;
+          int64 vd, md, had, hbd, nad, nbd, td;
+
+          span = (hgh-low)+1;
+          if (.8*vlen < span)
+            { if (enlarge_vector(work,vlen*VectorEl))
+                EXIT(1);
+
+              move = ((void *) _V) - work->vector;
+              vlen = work->vecmax/VectorEl;
+
+              _V  = (int *) work->vector;
+              _M  = _V + vlen;
+              _HA = _M + vlen;
+              _HB = _HA + vlen;
+              _NA = _HB + vlen;
+              _NB = _NA + vlen;
+              _T  = ((BVEC *) (_NB + vlen));
+            }
+          else
+            move = 0;
+
+          wing = (vlen - span)/2;
+
+          vd  = ((void *) ( _V+wing)) - (((void *) ( V+low)) - move);
+          md  = ((void *) ( _M+wing)) - (((void *) ( M+low)) - move);
+          had = ((void *) (_HA+wing)) - (((void *) (HA+low)) - move);
+          hbd = ((void *) (_HB+wing)) - (((void *) (HB+low)) - move);
+          nad = ((void *) (_NA+wing)) - (((void *) (NA+low)) - move);
+          nbd = ((void *) (_NB+wing)) - (((void *) (NB+low)) - move);
+          td  = ((void *) ( _T+wing)) - (((void *) ( T+low)) - move);
+
+          if (vd < 0)
+            memmove( _V+wing,  ((void *) ( V+low)) - move, span*sizeof(int));
+          if (md < 0)
+            memmove( _M+wing,  ((void *) ( M+low)) - move, span*sizeof(int));
+          if (had < 0)
+            memmove(_HA+wing,  ((void *) (HA+low)) - move, span*sizeof(int));
+          if (hbd < 0)
+            memmove(_HB+wing,  ((void *) (HB+low)) - move, span*sizeof(int));
+          if (nad < 0)
+            memmove(_NA+wing,  ((void *) (NA+low)) - move, span*sizeof(int));
+          if (nbd < 0)
+            memmove(_NB+wing,  ((void *) (NB+low)) - move, span*sizeof(int));
+          if (td < 0)
+            memmove( _T+wing,  ((void *) ( T+low)) - move, span*sizeof(BVEC));
+
+          if (td > 0)
+            memmove( _T+wing,  ((void *) ( T+low)) - move, span*sizeof(BVEC));
+          if (nbd > 0)
+            memmove(_NB+wing,  ((void *) (NB+low)) - move, span*sizeof(int));
+          if (nad > 0)
+            memmove(_NA+wing,  ((void *) (NA+low)) - move, span*sizeof(int));
+          if (hbd > 0)
+            memmove(_HB+wing,  ((void *) (HB+low)) - move, span*sizeof(int));
+          if (had > 0)
+            memmove(_HA+wing,  ((void *) (HA+low)) - move, span*sizeof(int));
+          if (md > 0)
+            memmove( _M+wing,  ((void *) ( M+low)) - move, span*sizeof(int));
+          if (vd > 0)
+            memmove( _V+wing,  ((void *) ( V+low)) - move, span*sizeof(int));
+
+          vmin = low-wing;
+          vmax = hgh+wing;
+
+          V  =  _V-vmin;
+          M  =  _M-vmin;
+          HA = _HA-vmin;
+          HB = _HB-vmin;
+          NA = _NA-vmin;
+          NB = _NB-vmin;
+          T  =  _T-vmin;
+        }
+
+      if (low > minp)
+        { low -= 1;
+          NA[low] = NA[low+1];
+          NB[low] = NB[low+1];
+          V[low]  = -1;
+        }
+      if (hgh < maxp)
+        { hgh += 1;
+          NA[hgh] = NA[hgh-1];
+          NB[hgh] = NB[hgh-1];
+          V[hgh]  = am = -1;
+        }
+      else
+        am = V[hgh];
+      dif += 1;
+
+      ac = V[hgh+1] = V[low-1] = -1;
+      a  = aseq + hgh;
+      t  = PATH_INT;
+      n  = PATH_LEN;
+      ua = ub = -1;
+      for (k = hgh; k >= low; k--)
+        { int     y, m;
+          int     ha, hb;
+          int     c, d;
+          BVEC    b;
+          Pebble *pb;
+
+          ap = ac;
+          ac = am;
+          am = V[d = k-1];
+
+          if (ac < am)
+            if (am < ap)
+              { c  = ap+1;
+                m  = n;
+                b  = t;
+                ha = ua;
+                hb = ub;
+              }
+            else
+              { c  = am+1;
+                m  = M[d];
+                b  = T[d]; 
+                ha = HA[d];
+                hb = HB[d];
+              }
+          else
+            if (ac < ap)
+              { c  = ap+1;
+                m  = n;
+                b  = t;
+                ha = ua;
+                hb = ub;
+              }
+            else
+              { c  = ac+2;
+                m  = M[k];
+                b  = T[k];
+                ha = HA[k];
+                hb = HB[k];
+              }
+
+          if ((b & PATH_TOP) != 0)
+            m -= 1;
+          b <<= 1;
+
+          y = (c-k) >> 1;
+          while (1)
+            { c = bseq[y];
+              if (c == 4)
+                { more = 0;
+                  if (bclip < k)
+                    bclip = k;
+                  break;
+                }
+              d = a[y];
+              if (c != d)
+                { if (d == 4) 
+                    { more  = 0;
+                      aclip = k;
+                    }
+                  break;
+                }
+              y += 1;
+              if ((b & PATH_TOP) == 0)
+                m += 1;
+              b = (b << 1) | 1;
+            }
+          c = (y << 1) + k;
+
+          while (y+k >= NA[k])
+            { if (cells[ha].mark < NA[k])
+                { if (avail >= cmax)
+                    { cmax  = ((int) (avail*1.2)) + 10000;
+                      cells = (Pebble *) Realloc(cells,cmax*sizeof(Pebble),
+                                                       "Reallocating trace cells");
+                      if (cells == NULL)
+                        EXIT(1);
+                      work->celmax = cmax;
+                      work->cells  = (void *) cells;
+                    }
+#ifdef SHOW_TPS
+                  printf(" A %d: %d,%d,%d,%d\n",avail,ha,k,dif,NA[k]); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+                  pb = cells+avail;
+                  pb->ptr  = ha;
+                  pb->diag = k;
+                  pb->diff = dif;
+                  pb->mark = NA[k];
+                  ha = avail++;
+                }
+              NA[k] += TRACE_SPACE;
+            }
+
+          while (y >= NB[k])
+            { if (cells[hb].mark < NB[k])
+                { if (avail >= cmax)
+                    { cmax  = ((int) (avail*1.2)) + 10000;
+                      cells = (Pebble *) Realloc(cells,cmax*sizeof(Pebble),
+                                                       "Reallocating trace cells");
+                      if (cells == NULL)
+                        EXIT(1);
+                      work->celmax = cmax;
+                      work->cells  = (void *) cells;
+                    }
+#ifdef SHOW_TPS
+                  printf(" B %d: %d,%d,%d,%d\n",avail,hb,k,dif,NB[k]); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+                  pb = cells+avail;
+                  pb->ptr  = hb;
+                  pb->diag = k;
+                  pb->diff = dif;
+                  pb->mark = NB[k];
+                  hb = avail++;
+                }
+              NB[k] += TRACE_SPACE;
+            }
+
+          if (c > besta)
+            { besta = c;
+              besty = y;
+              if (m >= PATH_AVE)
+                { lasta = c;
+                  if (TABLE[b & TRIM_MASK] >= 0)
+                    if (TABLE[(b >> TRIM_LEN) & TRIM_MASK] + SCORE[b & TRIM_MASK] >= 0)
+                      { trima  = c;
+                        trimy  = y;
+                        trimd  = dif;
+                        trimha = ha;
+                        trimhb = hb;
+                      }
+                }
+            }
+
+          t  = T[k];
+          n  = M[k];
+          ua = HA[k];
+          ub = HB[k];
+          V[k]  = c;
+          T[k]  = b;
+          M[k]  = m;
+          HA[k] = ha;
+          HB[k] = hb;
+
+          a -= 1;
+        }
+
+      if (more == 0)
+        { if (bseq[besty] != 4 && aseq[besta-besty] != 4)
+            more = 1;
+          if (hgh >= aclip)
+            { hgh = aclip-1;
+              if (morem <= M[aclip])
+                { morem  = M[aclip];
+                  morea  = V[aclip];
+                  morey  = (morea - aclip)/2;
+                  mored  = dif;
+                  moreha = HA[aclip];
+                  morehb = HB[aclip];
+                }
+            }
+          if (low <= bclip)
+            { low = bclip+1;
+              if (morem <= M[bclip])
+                { morem  = M[bclip];
+                  morea  = V[bclip];
+                  morey  = (morea - bclip)/2;
+                  mored  = dif;
+                  moreha = HA[bclip];
+                  morehb = HB[bclip];
+                }
+            }
+          aclip =  INT32_MAX;
+          bclip = -INT32_MAX;
+        }
+
+      n = besta - WAVE_LAG;
+      while (hgh >= low)
+        if (V[hgh] < n)
+          hgh -= 1;                               
+        else
+          { while (V[low] < n)
+              low += 1;
+            break;
+          }
+
+#ifdef WAVE_STATS
+      k = (hgh-low)+1;
+      if (k > MAX)
+        MAX = k;
+      TOT += k;
+      NWV += 1;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_WAVE
+      print_wave(V,M,low,hgh,besta);
+#endif
+    }
+
+  { uint16 *atrace = (uint16 *) apath->trace;
+    uint16 *btrace = (uint16 *) bpath->trace;
+    int     atlen, btlen;
+    int     trimx;
+    int     a, b, k, h;
+    int     d, e;
+
+    if (morem >= 0)
+      { trimx  = morea-morey;
+        trimy  = morey;
+        trimd  = mored;
+        trimha = moreha;
+        trimhb = morehb;
+      }
+    else
+      trimx = trima-trimy;
+
+    atlen = btlen = 0;
+
+    a = -1;
+    for (h = trimha; h >= 0; h = b)
+      { b = cells[h].ptr; 
+        cells[h].ptr = a;
+        a = h;
+      }
+    h = a;
+
+    k = cells[h].diag;
+    b = (mida-k)/2;
+    e = 0;
+#ifdef SHOW_TRAIL
+    printf("  A path = (%5d,%5d)\n",(mida+k)/2,b); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+    for (h = cells[h].ptr; h >= 0; h = cells[h].ptr)
+      { k = cells[h].diag;
+        a = cells[h].mark - k;
+        d = cells[h].diff;
+        atrace[atlen++] = (uint16) (d-e);
+        atrace[atlen++] = (uint16) (a-b);
+#ifdef SHOW_TRAIL
+        printf("     %4d: (%5d,%5d): %3d / %3d\n",h,a+k,a,d-e,a-b); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+        b = a;
+        e = d;
+      }
+    if (b+k != trimx)
+      { atrace[atlen++] = (uint16) (trimd-e);
+        atrace[atlen++] = (uint16) (trimy-b);
+#ifdef SHOW_TRAIL
+        printf("           (%5d,%5d): %3d / %3d\n",trimx,trimy,trimd-e,trimy-b); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+      }
+    else if (b != trimy)
+      { atrace[atlen-1] = (uint16) (atrace[atlen-1] + (trimy-b));
+        atrace[atlen-2] = (uint16) (atrace[atlen-2] + (trimd-e));
+#ifdef SHOW_TRAIL
+        printf("         @ (%5d,%5d): %3d / %3d\n",trimx,trimy,trimd-e,trimy-b); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+      }
+
+    a = -1;
+    for (h = trimhb; h >= 0; h = b)
+      { b = cells[h].ptr; 
+        cells[h].ptr = a;
+        a = h;
+      }
+    h = a;
+
+    k = cells[h].diag;
+    b = (mida+k)/2;
+    e = 0;
+    low = k;
+#ifdef SHOW_TRAIL
+    printf("  B path = (%5d,%5d)\n",b,(mida-k)/2); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+    for (h = cells[h].ptr; h >= 0; h = cells[h].ptr)
+      { k = cells[h].diag;
+        a = cells[h].mark + k;
+        d = cells[h].diff;
+        btrace[btlen++] = (uint16) (d-e);
+        btrace[btlen++] = (uint16) (a-b);  
+#ifdef SHOW_TRAIL
+        printf("     %4d: (%5d,%5d): %3d / %3d\n",h,a,a-k,d-e,a-b); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+        b = a;
+        e = d;
+      }
+    if (b-k != trimy)
+      { btrace[btlen++] = (uint16) (trimd-e);
+        btrace[btlen++] = (uint16) (trimx-b);  
+#ifdef SHOW_TRAIL
+        printf("           (%5d,%5d): %3d / %3d\n",trimx,trimy,trimd-e,trimx-b); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+      }
+    else if (b != trimx)
+      { btrace[btlen-1] = (uint16) (btrace[btlen-1] + (trimx-b));
+        btrace[btlen-2] = (uint16) (btrace[btlen-2] + (trimd-e));
+#ifdef SHOW_TRAIL
+        printf("         @ (%5d,%5d): %3d / %3d\n",trimx,trimy,trimd-e,trimx-b); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+      }
+
+    apath->aepos = trimx;
+    apath->bepos = trimy;
+    apath->diffs = trimd;
+    apath->tlen  = atlen;
+    if (COMP(align->flags))
+      { bpath->abpos = align->blen - apath->bepos;
+        bpath->bbpos = align->alen - apath->aepos;
+      }
+    else
+      { bpath->aepos = apath->bepos;
+        bpath->bepos = apath->aepos;
+      }
+    bpath->diffs = trimd;
+    bpath->tlen  = btlen;
+  }
+
+  *mind = low;
+  return (0);
+}
+
+/*** Reverse Wave ***/
+
+static int reverse_wave(_Work_Data *work, _Align_Spec *spec, Alignment *align, Path *bpath,
+                        int mind, int maxd, int mida, int minp, int maxp)
+{ char *aseq  = align->aseq - 1;
+  char *bseq  = align->bseq - 1;
+  Path *apath = align->path;
+
+  int     hgh, low, dif;
+  int     vlen, vmin, vmax;
+  int    *V, *M;
+  int    *_V, *_M;
+  BVEC   *T;
+  BVEC   *_T;
+
+  int    *HA, *HB;
+  int    *_HA, *_HB;
+  int    *NA, *NB;
+  int    *_NA, *_NB;
+  Pebble *cells;
+  int     avail, cmax, boff;
+
+  int     TRACE_SPACE = spec->trace_space;
+  int     PATH_AVE    = spec->ave_path;
+  int16  *SCORE       = spec->score;
+  int16  *TABLE       = spec->table;
+
+  int     besta, besty;
+  int     trima, trimy, trimd;
+  int     trimha, trimhb;
+  int     morea, morey, mored;
+  int     moreha, morehb;
+  int     more, morem, lasta;
+  int     aclip, bclip;
+
+  hgh = maxd;
+  low = mind;
+  dif = 0;
+
+  { int span, wing;
+
+    span = (hgh-low)+1;
+    vlen = work->vecmax/VectorEl;
+    wing = (vlen - span)/2;
+    vmin = low - wing;
+    vmax = hgh + wing;
+
+    _V  = ((int *) work->vector);
+    _M  = _V + vlen;
+    _HA = _M + vlen;
+    _HB = _HA + vlen;
+    _NA = _HB + vlen;
+    _NB = _NA + vlen;
+    _T  = ((BVEC *) (_NB + vlen));
+
+    V  = _V-vmin;
+    M  = _M-vmin;
+    HA = _HA-vmin;
+    HB = _HB-vmin;
+    NA = _NA-vmin;
+    NB = _NB-vmin;
+    T  = _T-vmin;
+
+    cells = (Pebble *) (work->cells);
+    cmax  = work->celmax;
+    avail = 0;
+
+    if (COMP(align->flags))
+      boff = align->blen % TRACE_SPACE;
+    else
+      boff = 0;
+  }
+
+  more  = 1;
+  aclip = -INT32_MAX;
+  bclip =  INT32_MAX;
+
+  besta  = trima  = morea = lasta = mida;
+  besty  = trimy  = morey = (mida-hgh) >> 1;
+  trimd  = mored  = 0;
+  trimha = moreha = 0;
+  trimhb = morehb = 1;
+  morem  = -1;
+
+  { int   k;
+    char *a;
+
+    a = aseq + low;
+    for (k = low; k <= hgh; k++)
+      { int     y, c, d;
+        int     ha, hb;
+        int     na, nb;
+        Pebble *pb;
+
+        y = (mida-k) >> 1;
+
+        if (avail >= cmax-1)
+          { cmax  = ((int) (avail*1.2)) + 10000;
+            cells = (Pebble *) Realloc(cells,cmax*sizeof(Pebble),"Reallocating trace cells");
+            if (cells == NULL)
+              EXIT(1);
+            work->celmax = cmax;
+            work->cells  = (void *) cells;
+          }
+
+        na = ((y+k+TRACE_SPACE-1)/TRACE_SPACE-1)*TRACE_SPACE;
+#ifdef SHOW_TPS
+        printf(" A %d: -1,%d,0,%d\n",avail,k,na+TRACE_SPACE); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+        pb = cells+avail;
+        pb->ptr  = -1;
+        pb->diag = k;
+        pb->diff = 0;
+        pb->mark = y+k;
+        ha  = avail++;
+
+        nb = ((y+(TRACE_SPACE-boff)-1)/TRACE_SPACE-1)*TRACE_SPACE+boff;
+#ifdef SHOW_TPS
+        printf(" B %d: -1,%d,0,%d\n",avail,k,nb+TRACE_SPACE); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+        pb = cells+avail;
+        pb->ptr  = -1;
+        pb->diag = k;
+        pb->diff = 0;
+        pb->mark = y;
+        hb  = avail++;
+
+        while (1)
+          { c = bseq[y];
+            if (c == 4)
+              { more = 0;
+                if (bclip > k)
+                  bclip = k;
+                break;
+              }
+            d = a[y];
+            if (c != d)
+              { if (d == 4) 
+                  { more  = 0;
+                    aclip = k;
+                  }
+                break;
+              }
+            y -= 1;
+          }
+        c = (y << 1) + k;
+
+        while (y+k <= na)
+          { if (avail >= cmax)
+              { cmax  = ((int) (avail*1.2)) + 10000;
+                cells = (Pebble *) Realloc(cells,cmax*sizeof(Pebble),"Reallocating trace cells");
+                if (cells == NULL)
+                  EXIT(1);
+                work->celmax = cmax;
+                work->cells  = (void *) cells;
+              }
+#ifdef SHOW_TPS
+            printf(" A %d: %d,%d,0,%d\n",avail,ha,k,na); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+            pb = cells+avail;
+            pb->ptr  = ha;
+            pb->diag = k;
+            pb->diff = 0;
+            pb->mark = na;
+            ha  = avail++;
+            na -= TRACE_SPACE;
+          }
+        while (y <= nb)
+          { if (avail >= cmax)
+              { cmax  = ((int) (avail*1.2)) + 10000;
+                cells = (Pebble *) Realloc(cells,cmax*sizeof(Pebble),"Reallocating trace cells");
+                if (cells == NULL)
+                  EXIT(1);
+                work->celmax = cmax;
+                work->cells  = (void *) cells;
+              }
+#ifdef SHOW_TPS
+            printf(" B %d: %d,%d,0,%d\n",avail,hb,k,nb); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+            pb = cells+avail;
+            pb->ptr  = hb;
+            pb->diag = k;
+            pb->diff = 0;
+            pb->mark = nb;
+            hb  = avail++;
+            nb -= TRACE_SPACE;
+          }
+
+        if (c < besta)
+          { besta  = trima = lasta = c;
+            besty  = trimy = y;
+            trimha = ha;
+            trimhb = hb;
+          }
+
+        V[k]  = c;
+        T[k]  = PATH_INT;
+        M[k]  = PATH_LEN;
+        HA[k] = ha;
+        HB[k] = hb;
+        NA[k] = na;
+        NB[k] = nb;
+
+        a += 1;
+      }
+  }
+
+  if (more == 0)
+    { if (bseq[besty] != 4 && aseq[besta - besty] != 4)
+        more = 1;
+      if (low <= aclip)
+        { low = aclip+1;
+          if (morem <= M[aclip])
+            { morem  = M[aclip];
+              morea  = V[aclip];
+              morey  = (morea - aclip)/2;
+              moreha = HA[aclip];
+              morehb = HB[aclip];
+            }
+        }
+      if (hgh >= bclip)
+        { hgh = bclip-1;
+          if (morem <= M[bclip])
+            { morem  = M[bclip];
+              morea  = V[bclip];
+              morey  = (morea - bclip)/2;
+              moreha = HA[bclip];
+              morehb = HB[bclip];
+            }
+        }
+      aclip = -INT32_MAX;
+      bclip =  INT32_MAX;
+    }
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_WAVE
+  printf("\nREVERSE WAVE:\n");
+  print_wave(V,M,low,hgh,besta);
+#endif
+
+  while (more && lasta <= besta + TRIM_MLAG)
+    { int    k, n;
+      int    ua, ub;
+      BVEC   t;
+      int    am, ac, ap;
+      char  *a;
+
+      if (low <= vmin || hgh >= vmax)
+        { int   span, wing;
+          int64 move, vd, md, had, hbd, nad, nbd, td;
+
+          span = (hgh-low)+1;
+          if (.8*vlen < span)
+            { if (enlarge_vector(work,vlen*VectorEl))
+                EXIT(1);
+
+              move = ((void *) _V) - work->vector;
+              vlen = work->vecmax/VectorEl;
+
+              _V  = (int *) work->vector;
+              _M  = _V + vlen;
+              _HA = _M + vlen;
+              _HB = _HA + vlen;
+              _NA = _HB + vlen;
+              _NB = _NA + vlen;
+              _T  = ((BVEC *) (_NB + vlen));
+            }
+          else
+            move = 0;
+
+          wing = (vlen - span)/2;
+
+          vd  = ((void *) ( _V+wing)) - (((void *) ( V+low)) - move);
+          md  = ((void *) ( _M+wing)) - (((void *) ( M+low)) - move);
+          had = ((void *) (_HA+wing)) - (((void *) (HA+low)) - move);
+          hbd = ((void *) (_HB+wing)) - (((void *) (HB+low)) - move);
+          nad = ((void *) (_NA+wing)) - (((void *) (NA+low)) - move);
+          nbd = ((void *) (_NB+wing)) - (((void *) (NB+low)) - move);
+          td  = ((void *) ( _T+wing)) - (((void *) ( T+low)) - move);
+
+          if (vd < 0)
+            memmove( _V+wing,  ((void *) ( V+low)) - move, span*sizeof(int));
+          if (md < 0)
+            memmove( _M+wing,  ((void *) ( M+low)) - move, span*sizeof(int));
+          if (had < 0)
+            memmove(_HA+wing,  ((void *) (HA+low)) - move, span*sizeof(int));
+          if (hbd < 0)
+            memmove(_HB+wing,  ((void *) (HB+low)) - move, span*sizeof(int));
+          if (nad < 0)
+            memmove(_NA+wing,  ((void *) (NA+low)) - move, span*sizeof(int));
+          if (nbd < 0)
+            memmove(_NB+wing,  ((void *) (NB+low)) - move, span*sizeof(int));
+          if (td < 0)
+            memmove( _T+wing,  ((void *) ( T+low)) - move, span*sizeof(BVEC));
+
+          if (td > 0)
+            memmove( _T+wing,  ((void *) ( T+low)) - move, span*sizeof(BVEC));
+          if (nbd > 0)
+            memmove(_NB+wing,  ((void *) (NB+low)) - move, span*sizeof(int));
+          if (nad > 0)
+            memmove(_NA+wing,  ((void *) (NA+low)) - move, span*sizeof(int));
+          if (hbd > 0)
+            memmove(_HB+wing,  ((void *) (HB+low)) - move, span*sizeof(int));
+          if (had > 0)
+            memmove(_HA+wing,  ((void *) (HA+low)) - move, span*sizeof(int));
+          if (md > 0)
+            memmove( _M+wing,  ((void *) ( M+low)) - move, span*sizeof(int));
+          if (vd > 0)
+            memmove( _V+wing,  ((void *) ( V+low)) - move, span*sizeof(int));
+
+          vmin = low-wing;
+          vmax = hgh+wing;
+
+          V  =  _V-vmin;
+          M  =  _M-vmin;
+          HA = _HA-vmin;
+          HB = _HB-vmin;
+          NA = _NA-vmin;
+          NB = _NB-vmin;
+          T  =  _T-vmin;
+        }
+
+      if (low > minp)
+        { low -= 1;
+          NA[low] = NA[low+1];
+          NB[low] = NB[low+1];
+          V[low]  = ap = INT32_MAX;
+        }
+      else
+        ap = V[low]; 
+      if (hgh < maxp)
+        { hgh += 1;
+          NA[hgh] = NA[hgh-1];
+          NB[hgh] = NB[hgh-1];
+          V[hgh] = INT32_MAX;
+        }
+      dif += 1;
+
+      ac = V[hgh+1] = V[low-1] = INT32_MAX;
+      a  = aseq + low;
+      t  = PATH_INT;
+      n  = PATH_LEN;
+      ua = ub = -1;
+      for (k = low; k <= hgh; k++)
+        { int     y, m;
+          int     ha, hb;
+          int     c, d;
+          BVEC    b;
+          Pebble *pb;
+
+          am = ac;
+          ac = ap;
+          ap = V[d = k+1];
+
+          if (ac > ap)
+            if (ap > am)
+              { c = am-1;
+                m  = n;
+                b  = t;
+                ha = ua;
+                hb = ub;
+              }
+            else
+              { c  = ap-1;
+                m  = M[d];
+                b  = T[d];
+                ha = HA[d];
+                hb = HB[d];
+              }
+          else
+            if (ac > am)
+              { c  = am-1;
+                m  = n;
+                b  = t;
+                ha = ua;
+                hb = ub;
+              }
+            else
+              { c  = ac-2;
+                m  = M[k];
+                b  = T[k];
+                ha = HA[k];
+                hb = HB[k];
+              }
+
+          if ((b & PATH_TOP) != 0)
+            m -= 1;
+          b <<= 1;
+
+          y = (c-k) >> 1;
+          while (1)
+            { c = bseq[y];
+              if (c == 4)
+                { more = 0;
+                  if (bclip > k)
+                    bclip = k;
+                  break;
+                }
+              d = a[y];
+              if (c != d)
+                { if (d == 4) 
+                    { more  = 0;
+                      aclip = k;
+                    }
+                  break;
+                }
+              y -= 1;
+              if ((b & PATH_TOP) == 0)
+                m += 1;
+              b = (b << 1) | 1;
+            }
+          c = (y << 1) + k;
+
+          while (y+k <= NA[k])
+            { if (cells[ha].mark > NA[k])
+                { if (avail >= cmax)
+                    { cmax  = ((int) (avail*1.2)) + 10000;
+                      cells = (Pebble *) Realloc(cells,cmax*sizeof(Pebble),
+                                                       "Reallocating trace cells");
+                      if (cells == NULL)
+                        EXIT(1);
+                      work->celmax = cmax;
+                      work->cells  = (void *) cells;
+                    }
+#ifdef SHOW_TPS
+                  printf(" A %d: %d,%d,%d,%d\n",avail,ha,k,dif,NA[k]); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+                  pb = cells+avail;
+                  pb->ptr  = ha;
+                  pb->diag = k;
+                  pb->diff = dif;
+                  pb->mark = NA[k];
+                  ha = avail++;
+                }
+              NA[k] -= TRACE_SPACE;
+            }
+          while (y <= NB[k])
+            { if (cells[hb].mark > NB[k])
+                { if (avail >= cmax)
+                    { cmax  = ((int) (avail*1.2)) + 10000;
+                      cells = (Pebble *) Realloc(cells,cmax*sizeof(Pebble),
+                                                       "Reallocating trace cells");
+                      if (cells == NULL)
+                        EXIT(1);
+                      work->celmax = cmax;
+                      work->cells  = (void *) cells;
+                    }
+#ifdef SHOW_TPS
+                  printf(" B %d: %d,%d,%d,%d\n",avail,hb,k,dif,NB[k]); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+                  pb = cells+avail;
+                  pb->ptr  = hb;
+                  pb->diag = k;
+                  pb->diff = dif;
+                  pb->mark = NB[k];
+                  hb = avail++;
+                }
+              NB[k] -= TRACE_SPACE;
+            }
+
+          if (c < besta)
+            { besta = c;
+              besty = y;
+              if (m >= PATH_AVE)
+                { lasta = c;
+                  if (TABLE[b & TRIM_MASK] >= 0)
+                    if (TABLE[(b >> TRIM_LEN) & TRIM_MASK] + SCORE[b & TRIM_MASK] >= 0)
+                      { trima  = c;
+                        trimy  = y;
+                        trimd  = dif;
+                        trimha = ha;
+                        trimhb = hb;
+                      }
+                }
+            }
+
+          t  = T[k];
+          n  = M[k];
+          ua = HA[k];
+          ub = HB[k];
+          V[k]  = c;
+          T[k]  = b;
+          M[k]  = m;
+          HA[k] = ha;
+          HB[k] = hb;
+
+          a += 1;
+        }
+
+      if (more == 0)
+        { if (bseq[besty] != 4 && aseq[besta - besty] != 4)
+            more = 1;
+          if (low <= aclip)
+            { low = aclip+1;
+              if (morem <= M[aclip])
+                { morem  = M[aclip];
+                  morea  = V[aclip];
+                  morey  = (morea - aclip)/2;
+                  mored  = dif;
+                  moreha = HA[aclip];
+                  morehb = HB[aclip];
+                }
+            }
+          if (hgh >= bclip)
+            { hgh = bclip-1;
+              if (morem <= M[bclip])
+                { morem  = M[bclip];
+                  morea  = V[bclip];
+                  morey  = (morea - bclip)/2;
+                  mored  = dif;
+                  moreha = HA[bclip];
+                  morehb = HB[bclip];
+                }
+            }
+          aclip = -INT32_MAX;
+          bclip =  INT32_MAX;
+        }
+
+      n = besta + WAVE_LAG;
+      while (hgh >= low)
+        if (V[hgh] > n)
+          hgh -= 1;                               
+        else
+          { while (V[low] > n)
+              low += 1;
+            break;
+          }
+
+#ifdef WAVE_STATS
+      k = (hgh-low)+1;
+      if (k > MAX)
+        MAX = k;
+      TOT += k;
+      NWV += 1;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_WAVE
+      print_wave(V,M,low,hgh,besta);
+#endif
+    }
+
+  { uint16 *atrace = (uint16 *) apath->trace;
+    uint16 *btrace = (uint16 *) bpath->trace;
+    int     atlen, btlen;
+    int     trimx;
+    int     a, b, k, h;
+    int     d, e;
+
+    if (morem >= 0)
+      { trimx  = morea-morey;
+        trimy  = morey;
+        trimd  = mored;
+        trimha = moreha;
+        trimhb = morehb;
+      }
+    else
+      trimx = trima-trimy;
+
+    atlen = btlen = 0;
+
+    a = -1;
+    for (h = trimha; h >= 0; h = b)
+      { b = cells[h].ptr; 
+        cells[h].ptr = a;
+        a = h;
+      }
+    h = a;
+
+    k = cells[h].diag;
+    b = cells[h].mark - k;
+    e = 0;
+#ifdef SHOW_TRAIL
+    printf("  A path = (%5d,%5d)\n",b+k,b); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+    if ((b+k)%TRACE_SPACE != 0)
+      { h = cells[h].ptr;
+        if (h < 0)
+          { a = trimy;
+            d = trimd;
+          }
+        else
+          { k = cells[h].diag;
+            a = cells[h].mark - k;
+            d = cells[h].diff;
+          }
+#ifdef SHOW_TRAIL
+        printf("    +%4d: (%5d,%5d): %3d / %3d\n",h,a+k,a,d-e,b-a); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+        if (apath->tlen == 0)
+          { atrace[--atlen] = (uint16) (b-a);
+            atrace[--atlen] = (uint16) (d-e);
+          }
+        else
+          { atrace[1] = (uint16) (atrace[1] + (b-a));
+            atrace[0] = (uint16) (atrace[0] + (d-e));
+          }
+        b = a;
+        e = d;
+      }
+    if (h >= 0)
+      { for (h = cells[h].ptr; h >= 0; h = cells[h].ptr)
+          { k = cells[h].diag;
+            a = cells[h].mark - k;
+            atrace[--atlen] = (uint16) (b-a);
+            d = cells[h].diff;
+            atrace[--atlen] = (uint16) (d-e);
+#ifdef SHOW_TRAIL
+            printf("     %4d: (%5d,%5d): %3d / %3d\n",h,a+k,a,d-e,b-a); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+            b = a;
+            e = d;
+          }
+        if (b+k != trimx)
+          { atrace[--atlen] = (uint16) (b-trimy);
+            atrace[--atlen] = (uint16) (trimd-e);
+#ifdef SHOW_TRAIL
+            printf("           (%5d,%5d): %3d / %3d\n",trimx,trimy,trimd-e,b-trimy); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+          }
+        else if (b != trimy)
+          { atrace[atlen+1] = (uint16) (atrace[atlen+1] + (b-trimy));
+            atrace[atlen]   = (uint16) (atrace[atlen]   + (trimd-e));
+#ifdef SHOW_TRAIL
+            printf("         @ (%5d,%5d): %3d / %3d\n",trimx,trimy,trimd-e,b-trimy); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+          }
+      }
+
+    a = -1;
+    for (h = trimhb; h >= 0; h = b)
+      { b = cells[h].ptr; 
+        cells[h].ptr = a;
+        a = h;
+      }
+    h = a;
+
+    k = cells[h].diag;
+    b = cells[h].mark + k;
+    e = 0;
+#ifdef SHOW_TRAIL
+    printf("  B path = (%5d,%5d)\n",b,b-k); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+    if ((b-k)%TRACE_SPACE != boff)
+      { h = cells[h].ptr;
+        if (h < 0)
+          { a = trimx;
+            d = trimd;
+          } 
+        else
+          { k = cells[h].diag;
+            a = cells[h].mark + k;
+            d = cells[h].diff;
+          }
+#ifdef SHOW_TRAIL
+        printf("    +%4d: (%5d,%5d): %3d / %3d\n",h,a,a-k,d-e,b-a); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+        if (bpath->tlen == 0)
+          { btrace[--btlen] = (uint16) (b-a);
+            btrace[--btlen] = (uint16) (b-a);
+          }
+        else
+          { btrace[1] = (uint16) (btrace[1] + (b-a));
+            btrace[0] = (uint16) (btrace[0] + (d-e));
+          }
+        b = a;
+        e = d;
+      }
+
+    if (h >= 0)
+      { for (h = cells[h].ptr; h >= 0; h = cells[h].ptr)
+          { k = cells[h].diag;
+            a = cells[h].mark + k;
+            btrace[--btlen] = (uint16) (b-a);
+            d = cells[h].diff;
+            btrace[--btlen] = (uint16) (d-e);
+#ifdef SHOW_TRAIL
+            printf("     %4d: (%5d,%5d): %3d / %3d\n",h,a,a-k,d-e,b-a); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+            b = a;
+            e = d;
+          }
+        if (b-k != trimy)
+          { btrace[--btlen] = (uint16) (b-trimx);
+            btrace[--btlen] = (uint16) (trimd-e);
+#ifdef SHOW_TRAIL
+            printf("           (%5d,%5d): %3d / %3d\n",trimx,trimy,trimd-e,b-trimx); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+          }
+        else if (b != trimx)
+          { btrace[btlen+1] = (uint16) (btrace[btlen+1] + (b-trimx));
+            btrace[btlen]   = (uint16) (btrace[btlen]   + (trimd-e));
+#ifdef SHOW_TRAIL
+            printf("         @ (%5d,%5d): %3d / %3d\n",trimx,trimy,trimd-e,b-trimx); fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+          }
+      }
+
+    apath->abpos = trimx;
+    apath->bbpos = trimy;
+    apath->diffs = apath->diffs + trimd;
+    apath->tlen  = apath->tlen  - atlen;
+    apath->trace = atrace + atlen;
+    if (COMP(align->flags))
+      { bpath->aepos = align->blen - apath->bbpos;
+        bpath->bepos = align->alen - apath->abpos;
+      }
+    else
+      { bpath->abpos = apath->bbpos;
+        bpath->bbpos = apath->abpos;
+      }
+    bpath->diffs = bpath->diffs + trimd;
+    bpath->tlen  = bpath->tlen  - btlen;
+    bpath->trace = btrace + btlen;
+  }
+
+  return (0);
+}
+
+
+/* Find the longest local alignment between aseq and bseq through (xcnt,ycnt)
+   See associated .h file for the precise definition of the interface.
+*/
+
+Path *Local_Alignment(Alignment *align, Work_Data *ework, Align_Spec *espec,
+                      int low, int hgh, int anti, int lbord, int hbord)
+{ _Work_Data  *work = ( _Work_Data *) ework;
+  _Align_Spec *spec = (_Align_Spec *) espec;
+
+  Path *apath, *bpath;
+  int   minp, maxp;
+  int   selfie;
+
+  { int alen, blen;
+    int maxtp, wsize;
+
+    alen = align->alen;
+    blen = align->blen;
+
+    if (hgh-low >= 7500)
+      wsize = VectorEl*(hgh-low+1);
+    else
+      wsize = VectorEl*10000;
+    if (wsize >= work->vecmax)
+      if (enlarge_vector(work,wsize))
+        EXIT(NULL);
+
+    if (alen < blen)
+      maxtp = 2*(blen/spec->trace_space+2);
+    else
+      maxtp = 2*(alen/spec->trace_space+2);
+    wsize = 4*maxtp*sizeof(uint16) + sizeof(Path);
+    if (wsize > work->pntmax)
+      if (enlarge_points(work,wsize))
+        EXIT(NULL);
+
+    apath = align->path;
+    bpath = (Path *) work->points;
+
+    apath->trace = ((uint16 *) (bpath+1)) + maxtp;
+    bpath->trace = ((uint16 *) apath->trace) +  2*maxtp;
+  }
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_PASSES
+  printf("\n");
+#endif
+
+  selfie = (align->aseq == align->bseq);
+   
+  if (lbord < 0)
+    { if (selfie && low >= 0)
+        minp = 1;
+      else
+        minp = -INT32_MAX;
+    }
+  else
+    minp = low-lbord;
+  if (hbord < 0)
+    { if (selfie && hgh <= 0)
+        maxp = -1;
+      else
+        maxp = INT32_MAX;
+    }
+  else
+    maxp = hgh+hbord;
+
+  if (forward_wave(work,spec,align,bpath,&low,hgh,anti,minp,maxp))
+    EXIT(NULL);
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_PASSES
+  printf("F1 (%d,%d) ~ %d => (%d,%d) %d\n",
+         (2*anti+(low+hgh))/4,(anti-(low+hgh))/4,hgh-low,
+         apath->aepos,apath->bepos,apath->diffs);
+#endif
+
+  if (reverse_wave(work,spec,align,bpath,low,low,anti,minp,maxp))
+    EXIT(NULL);
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_PASSES
+  printf("R1 (%d,%d) => (%d,%d) %d\n",
+         (anti+low)/2,(anti-low)/2,apath->abpos,apath->bbpos,apath->diffs);
+#endif
+
+  if (COMP(align->flags))
+    { uint16 *trace = (uint16 *) bpath->trace;
+      uint16  p;
+      int     i, j;
+
+      i = bpath->tlen-2;
+      j = 0;
+      while (j < i)
+        { p = trace[i];
+          trace[i] = trace[j];
+          trace[j] = p;
+          p = trace[i+1];
+          trace[i+1] = trace[j+1];
+          trace[j+1] = p;
+          i -= 2;
+          j += 2;
+        }
+    }
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_POINTS
+  { uint16 *trace = (uint16 *) apath->trace;
+    int     a, h;
+
+    printf("\nA-path (%d,%d)->(%d,%d)",apath->abpos,apath->bbpos,apath->aepos,apath->bepos);
+    printf(" %c\n",(COMP(align->flags) ? 'c' : 'n'));
+    a = apath->bbpos;
+    for (h = 1; h < apath->tlen; h += 2)
+      { int dif = trace[h-1];
+        int del = trace[h];
+        a += del;
+        printf("      %d / %d (%d)\n",dif,del,a);
+      }
+  }
+
+  { uint16 *trace = (uint16 *) bpath->trace;
+    int     a, h;
+
+    printf("\nB-path (%d,%d)->(%d,%d)",bpath->abpos,bpath->bbpos,bpath->aepos,bpath->bepos);
+    printf(" %c [%d,%d]\n",(COMP(align->flags) ? 'c' : 'n'),align->blen,align->alen);
+    a = bpath->bbpos;
+    for (h = 1; h < bpath->tlen; h += 2)
+      { int dif = trace[h-1];
+        int del = trace[h];
+        a += del;
+        printf("      %d / %d (%d)\n",dif,del,a);
+      }
+  }
+#endif
+
+  return (bpath);
+}
+
+
+/****************************************************************************************\
+*                                                                                        *
+*  OVERLAP MANIPULATION                                                                  *
+*                                                                                        *
+\****************************************************************************************/
+
+static int64 PtrSize   = sizeof(void *);
+static int64 OvlIOSize = sizeof(Overlap) - sizeof(void *);
+
+int Read_Overlap(FILE *input, Overlap *ovl)
+{ if (fread( ((char *) ovl) + PtrSize, OvlIOSize, 1, input) != 1)
+    return (1);
+  return (0);
+}
+
+int Read_Trace(FILE *input, Overlap *ovl, int tbytes)
+{ if (tbytes > 0 && ovl->path.tlen > 0)
+    { if (fread(ovl->path.trace, tbytes*ovl->path.tlen, 1, input) != 1)
+        return (1);
+    }
+  return (0);
+}
+
+void Write_Overlap(FILE *output, Overlap *ovl, int tbytes)
+{ fwrite( ((char *) ovl) + PtrSize, OvlIOSize, 1, output);
+  if (ovl->path.trace != NULL)
+    fwrite(ovl->path.trace,tbytes,ovl->path.tlen,output);
+}
+
+void Compress_TraceTo8(Overlap *ovl)
+{ uint16 *t16 = (uint16 *) ovl->path.trace;
+  uint8  *t8  = (uint8  *) ovl->path.trace;
+  int     j;
+
+  for (j = 0; j < ovl->path.tlen; j++)
+    t8[j] = (uint8) (t16[j]);
+}
+
+void Decompress_TraceTo16(Overlap *ovl)
+{ uint16 *t16 = (uint16 *) ovl->path.trace;
+  uint8  *t8  = (uint8  *) ovl->path.trace;
+  int     j;
+
+  for (j = ovl->path.tlen-1; j >= 0; j--)
+    t16[j] = t8[j];
+}
+
+void Print_Overlap(FILE *output, Overlap *ovl, int tbytes, int indent)
+{ int     i;
+
+  fprintf(output,"%*s%d vs. ",indent,"",ovl->aread);
+  if (COMP(ovl->flags))
+    fprintf(output,"c(%d)\n",ovl->bread);
+  else
+    fprintf(output,"%d\n",ovl->bread);
+  fprintf(output,"%*s  [%d,%d] vs [%d,%d] w. %d diffs\n",indent,"",
+                 ovl->path.abpos,ovl->path.aepos,ovl->path.bbpos,ovl->path.bepos,ovl->path.diffs);
+
+  if (tbytes == 1)
+    { uint8 *trace = (uint8 *) (ovl->path.trace);
+      if (trace != NULL)
+        { int p = ovl->path.bbpos + trace[1];
+          fprintf(output,"%*sTrace: %3d/%5d",indent,"",trace[0],p);
+          for (i = 3; i < ovl->path.tlen; i += 2)
+            { if (i%10 == 0)
+                fprintf(output,"\n%*s",indent+6,"");
+              p += trace[i];
+              fprintf(output," %3d/%5d",trace[i-1],p);
+            }
+          fprintf(output,"\n");
+        }
+    }
+  else
+    { uint16 *trace = (uint16 *) (ovl->path.trace);
+      if (trace != NULL)
+        { int p = ovl->path.bbpos + trace[1];
+          fprintf(output,"%*sTrace: %3d/%5d",indent,"",trace[0],p);
+          for (i = 3; i < ovl->path.tlen; i += 2)
+            { if (i%10 == 0)
+                fprintf(output,"\n%*s",indent+6,"");
+              p += trace[i];
+              fprintf(output," %3d/%5d",trace[i-1],p);
+            }
+          fprintf(output,"\n");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+int Check_Trace_Points(Overlap *ovl, int tspace, int verbose, char *fname)
+{ int     i, p; 
+
+  if (((ovl->path.aepos-1)/tspace - ovl->path.abpos/tspace)*2 != ovl->path.tlen-2)
+    { if (verbose) 
+        EPRINTF(EPLACE,"  %s: Wrong number of trace points\n",fname);
+      return (1);
+    }         
+  p = ovl->path.bbpos;
+  if (tspace <= TRACE_XOVR)
+    { uint8 *trace8 = (uint8 *) ovl->path.trace;
+      for (i = 1; i < ovl->path.tlen; i += 2)
+        p += trace8[i];
+    }
+  else      
+    { uint16 *trace16 = (uint16 *) ovl->path.trace;
+      for (i = 1; i < ovl->path.tlen; i += 2)
+        p += trace16[i];
+    }
+  if (p != ovl->path.bepos)
+    { if (verbose)
+        EPRINTF(EPLACE,"  %s: Trace point sum != aligned interval\n",fname);
+      return (1); 
+    }         
+  return (0);
+}
+
+
+void Flip_Alignment(Alignment *align, int full)
+{ char *aseq  = align->aseq;
+  char *bseq  = align->bseq;
+  int   alen  = align->alen;
+  int   blen  = align->blen;
+  Path *path  = align->path;
+  int   comp  = COMP(align->flags);
+
+  int  *trace = (int *) path->trace;
+  int   tlen  = path->tlen;
+
+  int   i, j, p;
+
+  if (comp)
+    { p = path->abpos;
+      path->abpos = blen - path->bepos;
+      path->bepos = alen - p;
+      p = path->aepos;
+      path->aepos = blen - path->bbpos;
+      path->bbpos = alen - p;
+
+      if (full)
+        { alen += 2;
+          blen += 2;
+
+          for (i = 0; i < tlen; i++)
+            if ((p = trace[i]) < 0)
+              trace[i] = alen + p;
+            else
+              trace[i] = p - blen;
+
+          i = tlen-1;
+          j = 0;
+          while (j < i)
+            { p = trace[i];
+              trace[i] = trace[j];
+              trace[j] = p;
+              i -= 1;
+              j += 1;
+            }
+
+          alen -= 2;
+          blen -= 2;
+        }
+    }
+  else
+    { p = path->abpos;
+      path->abpos = path->bbpos;
+      path->bbpos = p;
+      p = path->aepos;
+      path->aepos = path->bepos;
+      path->bepos = p;
+
+      if (full)
+        for (i = 0; i < tlen; i++)
+          trace[i] = - (trace[i]);
+    }
+
+  align->aseq  = bseq;
+  align->bseq  = aseq;
+  align->alen  = blen;
+  align->blen  = alen;
+}
+
+
+/****************************************************************************************\
+*                                                                                        *
+*  ALIGNMENT PRINTING                                                                    *
+*                                                                                        *
+\****************************************************************************************/
+
+/* Complement the sequence in fragment aseq.  The operation does the
+   complementation/reversal in place.  Calling it a second time on a
+   given fragment restores it to its original state.                */
+
+void Complement_Seq(char *aseq, int len)
+{ char *s, *t;
+  int   c;
+
+  s = aseq;
+  t = aseq + (len-1);
+  while (s < t)
+    { c    = 3 - *s;
+      *s++ = (char) (3 - *t);
+      *t-- = (char) c;
+    }
+  if (s == t)
+    *s = (char) (3 - *s);
+}
+
+/* Print an alignment to file between a and b given in trace (unpacked).
+   Prefix gives the length of the initial prefix of a that is unaligned.  */
+
+static char ToL[8] = { 'a', 'c', 'g', 't', '.', '[', ']', '-' };
+static char ToU[8] = { 'A', 'C', 'G', 'T', '.', '[', ']', '-' };
+
+int Print_Alignment(FILE *file, Alignment *align, Work_Data *ework,
+                    int indent, int width, int border, int upper, int coord)
+{ _Work_Data *work  = (_Work_Data *) ework;
+  int        *trace = align->path->trace;
+  int         tlen  = align->path->tlen;
+
+  char *Abuf, *Bbuf, *Dbuf;
+  int   i, j, o;
+  char *a, *b;
+  char  mtag, dtag;
+  int   prefa, prefb;
+  int   aend, bend;
+  int   sa, sb;
+  int   match, diff;
+  char *N2A;
+
+  if (trace == NULL) return (0);
+
+#ifdef SHOW_TRACE
+  fprintf(file,"\nTrace:\n");
+  for (i = 0; i < tlen; i++)
+    fprintf(file,"  %3d\n",trace[i]);
+#endif
+
+  o = sizeof(char)*3*(width+1);
+  if (o > work->vecmax)
+    if (enlarge_vector(work,o))
+      EXIT(1);
+
+  if (upper)
+    N2A = ToU;
+  else
+    N2A = ToL;
+
+  Abuf = (char *) work->vector;
+  Bbuf = Abuf + (width+1);
+  Dbuf = Bbuf + (width+1);
+
+  aend = align->path->aepos;
+  bend = align->path->bepos;
+
+  Abuf[width] = Bbuf[width] = Dbuf[width] = '\0';
+                                           /* buffer/output next column */
+#define COLUMN(x,y)							\
+{ int u, v;								\
+  if (o >= width)							\
+    { fprintf(file,"\n");						\
+      fprintf(file,"%*s",indent,"");					\
+      if (coord > 0)							\
+        { if (sa <= aend)						\
+            fprintf(file," %*d",coord,sa);				\
+          else								\
+            fprintf(file," %*s",coord,"");				\
+          fprintf(file," %s\n",Abuf);					\
+          fprintf(file,"%*s %*s %s\n",indent,"",coord,"",Dbuf);		\
+          fprintf(file,"%*s",indent,"");				\
+          if (sb <= bend)						\
+            fprintf(file," %*d",coord,sb);				\
+          else								\
+            fprintf(file," %*s",coord,"");				\
+          fprintf(file," %s",Bbuf);					\
+        }								\
+      else								\
+        { fprintf(file," %s\n",Abuf);					\
+          fprintf(file,"%*s %s\n",indent,"",Dbuf);			\
+          fprintf(file,"%*s %s",indent,"",Bbuf);			\
+        }								\
+      fprintf(file," %5.1f%%\n",(100.*diff)/(diff+match));		\
+      o  = 0;								\
+      sa = i;								\
+      sb = j;								\
+      match = diff = 0;							\
+    }									\
+  u = (x);								\
+  v = (y);								\
+  if (u == 4 || v == 4)							\
+    Dbuf[o] = ' ';							\
+  else if (u == v)							\
+    Dbuf[o] = mtag;							\
+  else									\
+    Dbuf[o] = dtag;							\
+  Abuf[o] = N2A[u];							\
+  Bbuf[o] = N2A[v];							\
+  o += 1;								\
+}
+
+  a = align->aseq - 1;
+  b = align->bseq - 1;
+
+  o  = 0;
+  i = j = 1;
+
+  prefa = align->path->abpos;
+  prefb = align->path->bbpos;
+
+  if (prefa > border)
+    { i = prefa-(border-1);
+      prefa = border;
+    }
+  if (prefb > border)
+    { j = prefb-(border-1);
+      prefb = border;
+    }
+
+  sa   = i;
+  sb   = j;
+  mtag = ':';
+  dtag = ':';
+
+  while (prefa > prefb)
+    { COLUMN(a[i],4)
+      i += 1;
+      prefa -= 1;
+    }
+  while (prefb > prefa)
+    { COLUMN(4,b[j])
+      j += 1;
+      prefb -= 1;
+    }
+  while (prefa > 0)
+    { COLUMN(a[i],b[j])
+      i += 1;
+      j += 1;
+      prefa -= 1;
+    }
+
+  mtag = '[';
+  if (prefb > 0)
+    COLUMN(5,5)
+
+  mtag  = '|';
+  dtag  = '*';
+
+  match = diff = 0;
+
+  { int p, c;      /* Output columns of alignment til reach trace end */
+
+    for (c = 0; c < tlen; c++)
+      if ((p = trace[c]) < 0)
+        { p = -p;
+          while (i != p)
+            { COLUMN(a[i],b[j])
+              if (a[i] == b[j])
+                match += 1;
+              else
+                diff += 1;
+              i += 1;
+              j += 1;
+            }
+          COLUMN(7,b[j])
+          j += 1;
+          diff += 1;
+        }
+      else
+        { while (j != p)
+            { COLUMN(a[i],b[j])
+              if (a[i] == b[j])
+                match += 1;
+              else
+                diff += 1;
+              i += 1;
+              j += 1;
+            }
+          COLUMN(a[i],7)
+          i += 1;
+          diff += 1;
+        }
+    p = align->path->aepos;
+    while (i <= p)
+      { COLUMN(a[i],b[j])
+        if (a[i] == b[j])
+          match += 1;
+        else
+          diff += 1;
+        i += 1;
+        j += 1;
+      }
+  }
+
+  { int c;     /* Output remaining column including unaligned suffix */
+
+    mtag = ']';
+    if (a[i] != 4 && b[j] != 4 && border > 0)
+      COLUMN(6,6)
+
+    mtag = ':';
+    dtag = ':';
+
+    c = 0;
+    while (c < border && (a[i] != 4 || b[j] != 4))
+      { if (a[i] != 4)
+          if (b[j] != 4)
+            { COLUMN(a[i],b[j])
+              i += 1;
+              j += 1;
+            }
+          else
+            { COLUMN(a[i],4)
+              i += 1;
+            }
+        else
+          { COLUMN(4,b[j])
+            j += 1;
+          }
+        c += 1;
+      }
+  }
+
+  /* Print remainder of buffered col.s */
+
+  fprintf(file,"\n");
+  fprintf(file,"%*s",indent,"");
+  if (coord > 0)
+    { if (sa <= aend)
+        fprintf(file," %*d",coord,sa);
+      else
+        fprintf(file," %*s",coord,"");
+      fprintf(file," %.*s\n",o,Abuf);
+      fprintf(file,"%*s %*s %.*s\n",indent,"",coord,"",o,Dbuf);
+      fprintf(file,"%*s",indent,"");
+      if (sb <= bend)
+        fprintf(file," %*d",coord,sb);
+      else
+        fprintf(file," %*s",coord,"");
+      fprintf(file," %.*s",o,Bbuf);
+    }
+  else
+    { fprintf(file," %.*s\n",o,Abuf);
+      fprintf(file,"%*s %.*s\n",indent,"",o,Dbuf);
+      fprintf(file,"%*s %.*s",indent,"",o,Bbuf);
+    }
+  if (diff+match > 0)
+    fprintf(file," %5.1f%%\n",(100.*diff)/(diff+match));
+  else
+    fprintf(file,"\n");
+
+  fflush(file);
+  return (0);
+}
+
+int Print_Reference(FILE *file, Alignment *align, Work_Data *ework,
+                    int indent, int block, int border, int upper, int coord)
+{ _Work_Data *work  = (_Work_Data *) ework;
+  int        *trace = align->path->trace;
+  int         tlen  = align->path->tlen;
+
+  char *Abuf, *Bbuf, *Dbuf;
+  int   i, j, o;
+  char *a, *b;
+  char  mtag, dtag;
+  int   prefa, prefb;
+  int   aend, bend;
+  int   sa, sb, s0;
+  int   match, diff;
+  char *N2A;
+  int   vmax;
+
+  if (trace == NULL) return (0);
+
+#ifdef SHOW_TRACE
+  fprintf(file,"\nTrace:\n");
+  for (i = 0; i < tlen; i++)
+    fprintf(file,"  %3d\n",trace[i]);
+#endif
+
+  vmax = work->vecmax/3;
+  o = sizeof(char)*6*(block+1);
+  if (o > vmax)
+    { if (enlarge_vector(work,3*o))
+        EXIT(1);
+      vmax = work->vecmax/3;
+    }
+
+  Abuf = (char *) work->vector;
+  Bbuf = Abuf + vmax;
+  Dbuf = Bbuf + vmax;
+
+  if (upper)
+    N2A = ToU;
+  else
+    N2A = ToL;
+
+  aend = align->path->aepos;
+  bend = align->path->bepos;
+
+#define BLOCK(x,y)							\
+{ int u, v;								\
+  if (i%block == 1 && i != s0 && x < 4 && o > 0)			\
+    { fprintf(file,"\n");						\
+      fprintf(file,"%*s",indent,"");					\
+      if (coord > 0)							\
+        { if (sa <= aend)						\
+            fprintf(file," %*d",coord,sa);				\
+          else								\
+            fprintf(file," %*s",coord,"");				\
+          fprintf(file," %.*s\n",o,Abuf);				\
+          fprintf(file,"%*s %*s %.*s\n",indent,"",coord,"",o,Dbuf);	\
+          fprintf(file,"%*s",indent,"");				\
+          if (sb <= bend)						\
+            fprintf(file," %*d",coord,sb);				\
+          else								\
+            fprintf(file," %*s",coord,"");				\
+          fprintf(file," %.*s",o,Bbuf);					\
+        }								\
+      else								\
+        { fprintf(file," %.*s\n",o,Abuf);				\
+          fprintf(file,"%*s %.*s\n",indent,"",o,Dbuf);			\
+          fprintf(file,"%*s %.*s",indent,"",o,Bbuf);			\
+        }								\
+      fprintf(file," %5.1f%%\n",(100.*diff)/(diff+match));		\
+      o  = 0;								\
+      sa = i;								\
+      sb = j;								\
+      match = diff = 0;							\
+    }									\
+  u = (x);								\
+  v = (y);								\
+  if (u == 4 || v == 4)							\
+    Dbuf[o] = ' ';							\
+  else if (u == v)							\
+    Dbuf[o] = mtag;							\
+  else									\
+    Dbuf[o] = dtag;							\
+  Abuf[o] = N2A[u];							\
+  Bbuf[o] = N2A[v];							\
+  o += 1;								\
+  if (o >= vmax)							\
+    { if (enlarge_vector(work,3*o))					\
+        EXIT(1);							\
+      vmax = work->vecmax/3;						\
+      memmove(work->vector+2*vmax,Dbuf,o);				\
+      memmove(work->vector+vmax,Bbuf,o);				\
+      memmove(work->vector,Abuf,o);					\
+      Abuf = (char *) work->vector;					\
+      Bbuf = Abuf + vmax;						\
+      Dbuf = Bbuf + vmax;						\
+    }									\
+}
+
+  a = align->aseq - 1;
+  b = align->bseq - 1;
+
+  o  = 0;
+  i = j = 1;
+
+  prefa = align->path->abpos;
+  prefb = align->path->bbpos;
+
+  if (prefa > border)
+    { i = prefa-(border-1);
+      prefa = border;
+    }
+  if (prefb > border)
+    { j = prefb-(border-1);
+      prefb = border;
+    }
+
+  s0   = i;
+  sa   = i;
+  sb   = j;
+  mtag = ':';
+  dtag = ':';
+
+  while (prefa > prefb)
+    { BLOCK(a[i],4)
+      i += 1;
+      prefa -= 1;
+    }
+  while (prefb > prefa)
+    { BLOCK(4,b[j])
+      j += 1;
+      prefb -= 1;
+    }
+  while (prefa > 0)
+    { BLOCK(a[i],b[j])
+      i += 1;
+      j += 1;
+      prefa -= 1;
+    }
+
+  mtag = '[';
+  if (prefb > 0)
+    BLOCK(5,5)
+
+  mtag  = '|';
+  dtag  = '*';
+
+  match = diff = 0;
+
+  { int p, c;      /* Output columns of alignment til reach trace end */
+
+    for (c = 0; c < tlen; c++)
+      if ((p = trace[c]) < 0)
+        { p = -p;
+          while (i != p)
+            { BLOCK(a[i],b[j])
+              if (a[i] == b[j])
+                match += 1;
+              else
+                diff += 1;
+              i += 1;
+              j += 1;
+            }
+          BLOCK(7,b[j])
+          j += 1;
+          diff += 1;
+        }
+      else
+        { while (j != p)
+            { BLOCK(a[i],b[j])
+              if (a[i] == b[j])
+                match += 1;
+              else
+                diff += 1;
+              i += 1;
+              j += 1;
+            }
+          BLOCK(a[i],7)
+          i += 1;
+          diff += 1;
+        }
+    p = align->path->aepos;
+    while (i <= p)
+      { BLOCK(a[i],b[j])
+        if (a[i] == b[j])
+		match += 1;
+	else
+          diff += 1;
+        i += 1;
+        j += 1;
+      }
+  }
+
+  { int c;     /* Output remaining column including unaligned suffix */
+
+    mtag = ']';
+    if (a[i] != 4 && b[j] != 4 && border > 0)
+      BLOCK(6,6)
+
+    mtag = ':';
+    dtag = ':';
+
+    c = 0;
+    while (c < border && (a[i] != 4 || b[j] != 4))
+      { if (a[i] != 4)
+          if (b[j] != 4)
+            { BLOCK(a[i],b[j])
+              i += 1;
+              j += 1;
+            }
+          else
+            { BLOCK(a[i],4)
+              i += 1;
+            }
+        else
+          { BLOCK(4,b[j])
+            j += 1;
+          }
+        c += 1;
+      }
+  }
+
+  /* Print remainder of buffered col.s */
+
+  fprintf(file,"\n");
+  fprintf(file,"%*s",indent,"");
+  if (coord > 0)
+    { if (sa <= aend)
+        fprintf(file," %*d",coord,sa);
+      else
+        fprintf(file," %*s",coord,"");
+      fprintf(file," %.*s\n",o,Abuf);
+      fprintf(file,"%*s %*s %.*s\n",indent,"",coord,"",o,Dbuf);
+      fprintf(file,"%*s",indent,"");
+      if (sb <= bend)
+        fprintf(file," %*d",coord,sb);
+      else
+        fprintf(file," %*s",coord,"");
+      fprintf(file," %.*s",o,Bbuf);
+    }
+  else
+    { fprintf(file," %.*s\n",o,Abuf);
+      fprintf(file,"%*s %.*s\n",indent,"",o,Dbuf);
+      fprintf(file,"%*s %.*s",indent,"",o,Bbuf);
+    }
+  if (diff+match > 0)
+    fprintf(file," %5.1f%%\n",(100.*diff)/(diff+match));
+  else
+    fprintf(file,"\n");
+
+  fflush(file);
+  return (0);
+}
+
+/* Print an ASCII representation of the overlap in align between fragments
+   a and b to given file.                                                  */
+
+static inline void repchar(FILE *file, int symbol, int rep)
+{ while (rep-- > 0)
+    fputc(symbol,file);
+}
+
+void Alignment_Cartoon(FILE *file, Alignment *align, int indent, int coord)
+{ int   alen = align->alen;
+  int   blen = align->blen;
+  Path *path = align->path;
+  int   comp = COMP(align->flags);
+  int   w;
+
+  fprintf(file,"%*s",indent,"");
+  if (path->abpos > 0)
+    fprintf(file,"    %*d ",coord,path->abpos);
+  else
+    fprintf(file,"%*s",coord+5,"");
+  if (path->aepos < alen)
+    fprintf(file,"%*s%d",coord+8,"",alen-path->aepos);
+  fprintf(file,"\n");
+
+  fprintf(file,"%*s",indent,"");
+  if (path->abpos > 0)
+    { fprintf(file,"A ");
+      w = Number_Digits((int64) path->abpos);
+      repchar(file,' ',coord-w);
+      repchar(file,'=',w+3);
+      fputc('+',file);
+      repchar(file,'-',coord+5);
+    }
+  else
+    { fprintf(file,"A %*s",coord+4,"");
+      repchar(file,'-',coord+5);
+    }
+
+  if (path->aepos < alen)
+    { fputc('+',file);
+      w = Number_Digits((int64) (alen-path->aepos));
+      repchar(file,'=',w+2);
+      fputc('>',file);
+      repchar(file,' ',w);
+    }
+  else
+    { fputc('>',file);
+      repchar(file,' ',coord+3);
+    }
+
+  { int asub, bsub;
+
+    asub = path->aepos - path->abpos;
+    bsub = path->bepos - path->bbpos;
+    fprintf(file,"   dif/(len1+len2) = %d/(%d+%d) = %5.2f%%\n",
+                 path->diffs,asub,bsub,(200.*path->diffs)/(asub+bsub));
+  }
+
+  { int   sym1e, sym2e;
+    int   sym1p, sym2p;
+
+    if (comp > 0)
+      { sym1p = '<'; sym2p = '-'; sym1e = '<'; sym2e = '='; }
+    else
+      { sym1p = '-'; sym2p = '>'; sym1e = '='; sym2e = '>'; }
+
+    fprintf(file,"%*s",indent,"");
+    if (path->bbpos > 0)
+      { fprintf(file,"B ");
+        w = Number_Digits((int64) path->bbpos);
+        repchar(file,' ',coord-w);
+        fputc(sym1e,file);
+        repchar(file,'=',w+2);
+        fputc('+',file);
+        repchar(file,'-',coord+5);
+      }
+    else
+      { fprintf(file,"B ");
+        repchar(file,' ',coord+3);
+        fputc(sym1p,file);
+        repchar(file,'-',coord+5);
+      }
+    if (path->bepos < blen)
+      { fprintf(file,"+");
+        w = Number_Digits((int64) (blen-path->bepos));
+        repchar(file,'=',w+2);
+        fprintf(file,"%c\n",sym2e);
+      }
+    else
+      fprintf(file,"%c\n",sym2p);
+  }
+
+  fprintf(file,"%*s",indent,"");
+  if (path->bbpos > 0)
+    fprintf(file,"    %*d ",coord,path->bbpos);
+  else
+    fprintf(file,"%*s",coord+5,"");
+  if (path->bepos < blen)
+    fprintf(file,"%*s%d",coord+8,"",blen-path->bepos);
+  fprintf(file,"\n");
+
+  fflush(file);
+}
+
+
+/****************************************************************************************\
+*                                                                                        *
+*  O(ND) trace algorithm                                                                 *
+*                                                                                        *
+\****************************************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_AWAVE
+
+static void print_awave(int *V, int low, int hgh)
+{ int k;
+
+  printf("  [%6d,%6d]: ",low,hgh);
+  for (k = low; k <= hgh; k++)
+    printf(" %3d",V[k]);
+  printf("\n");
+  fflush(stdout);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_ALIGN
+
+static int depth = 0;
+
+#endif
+
+typedef struct
+  { int  *Stop;          //  Ongoing stack of alignment indels
+    char *Aabs, *Babs;   //  Absolute base of A and B sequences
+
+    int  **PVF, **PHF;   //  List of waves for iterative np algorithms
+    int   mida,  midb;   //  mid point division for mid-point algorithms
+
+    int   *VF,   *VB;    //  Forward/Reverse waves for nd algorithms
+                         //  (defunct: were used for O(nd) algorithms)
+  } Trace_Waves;
+
+static int dandc_nd(char *A, int M, char *B, int N, Trace_Waves *wave)
+{ int x, y;
+  int D;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_ALIGN
+  printf("%*s %ld,%ld: %d vs %d\n",depth,"",A-wave->Aabs,B-wave->Babs,M,N);
+#endif
+
+  if (M <= 0)
+    { x = (wave->Aabs-A)-1;
+      for (y = 1; y <= N; y++)
+        { *wave->Stop++ = x;
+#ifdef DEBUG_SCRIPT
+          printf("%*s *I %ld(%ld)\n",depth,"",y+(B-wave->Babs),(A-wave->Aabs)+1);
+#endif
+        }
+      return (N);
+    }
+  if (N <= 0)
+    { y = (B-wave->Babs)+1;
+      for (x = 1; x <= M; x++)
+        { *wave->Stop++ = y;
+#ifdef DEBUG_SCRIPT
+          printf("%*s *D %ld(%ld)\n",depth,"",x+(A-wave->Aabs),(B-wave->Babs)+1);
+#endif
+        }
+      return (M);
+    }
+
+  { int  *VF = wave->VF;
+    int  *VB = wave->VB;
+    int   flow;  //  fhgh == D !
+    int   blow, bhgh;
+    char *a;
+
+    y = 0;
+    if (N < M)
+      while (y < N && B[y] == A[y])
+        y += 1;
+    else
+      { while (y < M && B[y] == A[y])
+          y += 1;
+        if (y >= M && N == M)
+          return (0);
+      }
+
+    flow   = 0;
+    VF[0]  = y;
+    VF[-1] = -2;
+
+    x = N-M;
+    a = A-x;
+    y = N-1;
+    if (N > M)
+      while (y >= x && B[y] == a[y])
+        y -= 1;
+    else
+      while (y >= 0 && B[y] == a[y])
+        y -= 1;
+
+    blow = bhgh = -x;
+    VB += x;
+    VB[blow]   = y;
+    VB[blow-1] = N+1;
+
+    for (D = 1; 1; D += 1)
+      { int   k, r;
+        int   am, ac, ap;
+
+        //  Forward wave
+
+        flow -= 1;
+        am = ac = VF[flow-1] = -2;
+
+        a = A + D;
+        x = M - D;
+        for (k = D; k >= flow; k--)
+          { ap = ac;
+            ac = am+1;
+            am = VF[k-1];
+
+            if (ac < am)
+              if (ap < am)
+                y  = am;
+              else
+                y = ap;
+            else
+              if (ap < ac)
+                y = ac;
+              else
+                y = ap;
+
+            if (blow <= k && k <= bhgh)
+              { r = VB[k];
+                if (y > r)
+                  { D = (D<<1)-1;
+                    if (ap > r)
+                      y = ap;
+                    else if (ac > r)
+                      y = ac;
+                    else
+                      y = r+1;
+                    x = k+y;
+                    goto OVERLAP2;
+                  }
+              }
+
+            if (N < x)
+              while (y < N && B[y] == a[y])
+                y += 1;
+            else
+              while (y < x && B[y] == a[y])
+                y += 1;
+            
+            VF[k] = y;
+            a -= 1;
+            x += 1;
+          }
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_AWAVE
+        print_awave(VF,flow,D);
+#endif
+
+        //  Reverse Wave
+
+        bhgh += 1;
+        blow -= 1;
+	am = ac = VB[blow-1] = N+1;
+
+        a = A + bhgh;
+        x = -bhgh;
+        for (k = bhgh; k >= blow; k--)
+          { ap = ac+1;
+            ac = am;
+            am = VB[k-1];
+
+            if (ac > am)
+              if (ap > am)
+                y  = am;
+              else
+                y = ap;
+            else
+              if (ap > ac)
+                y = ac;
+              else
+                y = ap;
+
+            if (flow <= k && k <= D)
+              { r = VF[k];
+	        if (y <= r)
+                  { D = (D << 1);
+                    if (ap <= r)
+                      y = ap;
+                    else if (ac <= r)
+                      y = ac;
+                    else
+                      y = r;
+                    x = k+y;
+                    goto OVERLAP2;
+                  }
+              }
+
+            y -= 1;
+            if (x > 0)
+              while (y >= x && B[y] == a[y])
+                y -= 1;
+            else
+              while (y >= 0 && B[y] == a[y])
+                y -= 1;
+
+            VB[k] = y;
+            a -= 1;
+            x += 1;
+          }
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_AWAVE
+        print_awave(VB,blow,bhgh);
+#endif
+      }
+  }
+
+OVERLAP2:
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_ALIGN
+  printf("%*s (%d,%d) @ %d\n",depth,"",x,y,D);
+  fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+  if (D > 1)
+    { 
+#ifdef DEBUG_ALIGN
+      depth += 2;
+#endif
+      dandc_nd(A,x,B,y,wave);
+      dandc_nd(A+x,M-x,B+y,N-y,wave);
+#ifdef DEBUG_ALIGN
+      depth -= 2;
+#endif
+    }
+  else if (D == 1)
+    { if (M > N)
+        { *wave->Stop++ = (B-wave->Babs)+y+1;
+#ifdef DEBUG_SCRIPT
+          printf("%*s  D %ld(%ld)\n",depth,"",(A-wave->Aabs)+x,(B-wave->Babs)+y+1);
+#endif
+        }
+      else if (M < N)
+        { *wave->Stop++ = (wave->Aabs-A)-x-1;
+#ifdef DEBUG_SCRIPT
+          printf("%*s  I %ld(%ld)\n",depth,"",(B-wave->Babs)+y,(A-wave->Aabs)+x+1);
+#endif
+        }
+#ifdef DEBUG_SCRIPT
+      else
+        printf("%*s  %ld S %ld\n",depth,"",(wave->Aabs-A)+x,(B-wave->Babs)+y);
+#endif
+    }
+
+  return (D);
+}
+
+
+static int Compute_Trace_ND_ALL(Alignment *align, Work_Data *ework)
+{ _Work_Data *work = (_Work_Data *) ework;
+  Trace_Waves wave;
+
+  int   L, D;
+  int   asub, bsub;
+  Path *path;
+  int  *trace;
+
+  path = align->path;
+  asub = path->aepos-path->abpos;
+  bsub = path->bepos-path->bbpos;
+
+  if (asub < bsub)
+    L = bsub;
+  else
+    L = asub;
+  L *= sizeof(int);
+  if (L > work->tramax)
+    if (enlarge_trace(work,L))
+      EXIT(1);
+
+  trace = wave.Stop = ((int *) work->trace);
+
+  D = 2*(path->diffs + 4)*sizeof(int);
+  if (D > work->vecmax)
+    if (enlarge_vector(work,D))
+      EXIT(1);
+  
+  D = (path->diffs+3)/2;
+  wave.VF = ((int *) work->vector) + (D+1);
+  wave.VB = wave.VF + (2*D+1);
+
+  wave.Aabs = align->aseq;
+  wave.Babs = align->bseq;
+
+  path->diffs = dandc_nd(align->aseq+path->abpos,path->aepos-path->abpos,
+                         align->bseq+path->bbpos,path->bepos-path->bbpos,&wave);
+  path->trace = trace;
+  path->tlen  = wave.Stop - trace;
+  return (0);
+}
+
+
+/****************************************************************************************\
+*                                                                                        *
+*  O(NP) tracing algorithms                                                              *
+*                                                                                        *
+\****************************************************************************************/
+
+/* Iterative O(np) algorithm for finding the alignment between two substrings (specified
+     by a Path record).  The variation includes handling substitutions and guarantees
+     to find left-most alignments so that low complexity runs are always aligned in
+     the same way.
+*/
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_ALIGN
+
+static int ToA[4] = { 'a', 'c', 'g', 't' };
+
+#endif
+
+static int iter_np(char *A, int M, char *B, int N, Trace_Waves *wave)
+{ int  **PVF = wave->PVF; 
+  int  **PHF = wave->PHF;
+  int    D;
+  int    del = M-N;
+
+  { int  *F0, *F1, *F2;
+    int  *HF;
+    int   low, hgh;
+    int   posl, posh;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_ALIGN
+    printf("\n%*s BASE %ld,%ld: %d vs %d\n",depth,"",A-wave->Aabs,B-wave->Babs,M,N);
+    printf("%*s A = ",depth,"");
+    for (D = 0; D < M; D++)
+      printf("%c",ToA[(int) A[D]]);
+    printf("\n");
+    printf("%*s B = ",depth,"");
+    for (D = 0; D < N; D++)
+      printf("%c",ToA[(int) B[D]]);
+    printf("\n");
+#endif
+
+    if (del >= 0)
+      { low = 0;
+        hgh = del;
+      }
+    else
+      { low = del;
+        hgh = 0;
+      }
+
+    posl = -INT32_MAX;
+    posh =  INT32_MAX;
+    if (wave->Aabs == wave->Babs)
+      { if (B == A)
+          { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"Error: self comparison starts on diagonal 0 (Compute_Trace)\n");
+            EXIT(-1);
+          }
+        else if (B < A)
+          posl = (B-A)+1;
+        else
+          posh = (B-A)-1;
+      }
+
+    F1 = PVF[-2];
+    F0 = PVF[-1];
+
+    for (D = low-1; D <= hgh+1; D++)
+      F1[D] = F0[D] = -2;
+    F0[0] = -1;
+
+    low += 1;
+    hgh -= 1;
+
+    for (D = 0; 1; D += 1)
+      { int   k, i, j;
+        int   am, ac, ap;
+        char *a;
+
+        F2 = F1;
+        F1 = F0;
+        F0 = PVF[D];
+        HF = PHF[D];
+
+        if ((D & 0x1) == 0)
+          { if (low > posl)
+              low -= 1;
+            if (hgh < posh)
+              hgh += 1;
+          }
+        F0[hgh+1] = F0[low-1] = -2;
+
+#define FS_MOVE(mdir,pdir)			\
+  ac = F1[k]+1;					\
+  if (ac < am)					\
+    if (ap < am)				\
+      { HF[k] = mdir;				\
+        j = am;					\
+      }						\
+    else					\
+      { HF[k] = pdir;				\
+        j = ap;					\
+      }						\
+  else						\
+    if (ap < ac)				\
+      { HF[k] = 0;				\
+        j = ac;					\
+      }						\
+    else					\
+      { HF[k] = pdir;				\
+        j = ap;					\
+      }						\
+						\
+  if (N < i)					\
+    while (j < N && B[j] == a[j])		\
+      j += 1;					\
+  else						\
+    while (j < i && B[j] == a[j])		\
+      j += 1;					\
+  F0[k] = j;
+
+        j = -2;
+        a = A + hgh;
+        i = M - hgh;
+        for (k = hgh; k > del; k--)
+          { ap = j+1;
+            am = F2[k-1];
+            FS_MOVE(-1,4)
+            a -= 1;
+            i += 1;
+          }
+
+        j = -2;
+        a = A + low;
+        i = M - low;
+        for (k = low; k < del; k++)
+          { ap = F2[k+1]+1;
+            am = j;
+            FS_MOVE(2,1)
+            a += 1;
+            i -= 1;
+          }
+
+        ap = F0[del+1]+1;
+        am = j;
+        FS_MOVE(2,4)
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_AWAVE
+        print_awave(F0,low,hgh);
+        print_awave(HF,low,hgh);
+#endif
+
+        if (F0[del] >= N)
+          break;
+      }
+  }
+
+  { int   k, h, m, e, c;
+    char *a;
+    int   ap = (wave->Aabs-A)-1;
+    int   bp = (B-wave->Babs)+1;
+
+    PHF[0][0] = 3;
+
+    c = N;
+    k = del;
+    e = PHF[D][k];
+    PHF[D][k] = 3;
+    while (e != 3)
+      { h = k+e;
+        if (e > 1)
+          h -= 3;
+        else if (e == 0)
+          D -= 1;
+        else
+          D -= 2;
+        if (h < k)       // => e = -1 or 2
+          { a = A + k;
+            if (k < 0)
+              m = -k;
+            else
+              m = 0;
+            if (PVF[D][h] <= c)
+              c = PVF[D][h]-1;
+            while (c >= m && a[c] == B[c])
+              c -= 1;
+            if (e < 1)  //  => edge is 2, others are 1, and 0
+              { if (c <= PVF[D+2][k+1])
+                  { e = 4;
+                    h = k+1;
+                    D = D+2;
+                  }
+                else if (c == PVF[D+1][k])
+                  { e = 0;
+                    h = k;
+                    D = D+1;
+                  }
+                else
+                  PVF[D][h] = c+1;
+              }
+            else      //   => edge is 0, others are 1, and 2 (if k != del), 0 (otherwise)
+              { if (k == del)
+                  m = D;
+                else
+                  m = D-2;
+                if (c <= PVF[m][k+1])
+                  { if (k == del)
+                      e = 4;
+                    else
+                      e = 1;
+                    h = k+1;
+                    D = m;
+                  }
+                else if (c == PVF[D-1][k])
+                  { e = 0;
+                    h = k;
+                    D = D-1;
+                  }
+                else
+                  PVF[D][h] = c+1;
+              }
+          }
+        m = PHF[D][h];
+        PHF[D][h] = e;
+        e = m;
+
+        k = h;
+      }
+
+    k = D = 0;
+    e = PHF[D][k];
+    while (e != 3)
+      { h = k-e;
+        c = PVF[D][k];
+        if (e > 1)
+          h += 3;
+        else if (e == 0)
+          D += 1;
+        else
+          D += 2;
+        if (h > k)
+          *wave->Stop++ = bp+c;
+        else if (h < k)
+          *wave->Stop++ = ap-(c+k);
+        k = h;
+        e = PHF[D][h];
+      }
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_SCRIPT
+    k = D = 0;
+    e = PHF[D][k];
+    while (e != 3)
+      { h = k-e;
+        c = PVF[D][k];
+        if (e > 1)
+          h += 3;
+        else if (e == 0)
+          D += 1;
+        else
+          D += 2;
+        if (h > k)
+          printf("%*s  D %d(%d)\n",depth,"",(c-k)-(ap-1),c+bp);
+        else if (h < k)
+          printf("%*s  I %d(%d)\n",depth,"",c+(bp-1),(c+k)-ap);
+        else
+          printf("%*s  %d S %d\n",depth,"",(c+k)-(ap+1),c+(bp-1));
+        k = h;
+        e = PHF[D][h];
+      }
+#endif
+  }
+
+  return (D + abs(del));
+}
+
+static int middle_np(char *A, int M, char *B, int N, Trace_Waves *wave)
+{ int  **PVF = wave->PVF; 
+  int  **PHF = wave->PHF;
+  int    D;
+  int    del = M-N;
+
+  { int  *F0, *F1, *F2;
+    int  *HF;
+    int   low, hgh;
+    int   posl, posh;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_ALIGN
+    printf("\n%*s BASE %ld,%ld: %d vs %d\n",depth,"",A-wave->Aabs,B-wave->Babs,M,N);
+    printf("%*s A = ",depth,"");
+    for (D = 0; D < M; D++)
+      printf("%c",ToA[(int) A[D]]);
+    printf("\n");
+    printf("%*s B = ",depth,"");
+    for (D = 0; D < N; D++)
+      printf("%c",ToA[(int) B[D]]);
+    printf("\n");
+#endif
+
+    if (del >= 0)
+      { low = 0;
+        hgh = del;
+      }
+    else
+      { low = del;
+        hgh = 0;
+      }
+
+    posl = -INT32_MAX;
+    posh =  INT32_MAX;
+    if (wave->Aabs == wave->Babs)
+      { if (B == A)
+          { EPRINTF(EPLACE,"Error: self comparison starts on diagonal 0 (Compute_Trace)\n");
+            EXIT(1);
+          }
+        else if (B < A)
+          posl = (B-A)+1;
+        else
+          posh = (B-A)-1;
+      }
+
+    F1 = PVF[-2];
+    F0 = PVF[-1];
+
+    for (D = low-1; D <= hgh+1; D++)
+      F1[D] = F0[D] = -2;
+    F0[0] = -1;
+
+    low += 1;
+    hgh -= 1;
+
+    for (D = 0; 1; D += 1)
+      { int   k, i, j;
+        int   am, ac, ap;
+        char *a;
+
+        F2 = F1;
+        F1 = F0;
+        F0 = PVF[D];
+        HF = PHF[D];
+
+        if ((D & 0x1) == 0)
+          { if (low > posl)
+              low -= 1;
+            if (hgh < posh)
+              hgh += 1;
+          }
+        F0[hgh+1] = F0[low-1] = -2;
+
+        j = -2;
+        a = A + hgh;
+        i = M - hgh;
+        for (k = hgh; k > del; k--)
+          { ap = j+1;
+            am = F2[k-1];
+            FS_MOVE(-1,4)
+            a -= 1;
+            i += 1;
+          }
+
+        j = -2;
+        a = A + low;
+        i = M - low;
+        for (k = low; k < del; k++)
+          { ap = F2[k+1]+1;
+            am = j;
+            FS_MOVE(2,1)
+            a += 1;
+            i -= 1;
+          }
+
+        ap = F0[del+1]+1;
+        am = j;
+        FS_MOVE(2,4)
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_AWAVE
+        print_awave(F0,low,hgh);
+        print_awave(HF,low,hgh);
+#endif
+
+        if (F0[del] >= N)
+          break;
+      }
+  }
+
+  { int   k, h, m, e, c;
+    int   d, f;
+    char *a;
+
+    d = D + abs(del);
+    c = N;
+    k = del;
+    for (f = d/2; d > f; d--)
+      { e = PHF[D][k];
+        h = k+e;
+        if (e > 1)
+          h -= 3;
+        else if (e == 0)
+          D -= 1;
+        else
+          D -= 2;
+        if (h < k)       // => e = -1 or 2
+          { a = A + k;
+            if (k < 0)
+              m = -k;
+            else
+              m = 0;
+            if (PVF[D][h] <= c)
+              c = PVF[D][h]-1;
+            while (c >= m && a[c] == B[c])
+              c -= 1;
+            if (e < 1)  //  => edge is 2, others are 1, and 0
+              { if (c <= PVF[D+2][k+1])
+                  { e = 4;
+                    h = k+1;
+                    D = D+2;
+                  }
+                else if (c == PVF[D+1][k])
+                  { e = 0;
+                    h = k;
+                    D = D+1;
+                  }
+                else
+                  PVF[D][h] = c+1;
+              }
+            else      //   => edge is 0, others are 1, and 2 (if k != del), 0 (otherwise)
+              { if (k == del)
+                  m = D;
+                else
+                  m = D-2;
+                if (c <= PVF[m][k+1])
+                  { if (k == del)
+                      e = 4;
+                    else
+                      e = 1;
+                    h = k+1;
+                    D = m;
+                  }
+                else if (c == PVF[D-1][k])
+                  { e = 0;
+                    h = k;
+                    D = D-1;
+                  }
+                else
+                  PVF[D][h] = c+1;
+              }
+          }
+        k = h;
+      }
+
+    wave->midb = (B-wave->Babs) + PVF[D][k];
+    wave->mida = (A-wave->Aabs) + k + PVF[D][k];
+  }
+
+  return (0);
+}
+
+
+/****************************************************************************************\
+*                                                                                        *
+*  COMPUTE_TRACE FLAVORS                                                                 *
+*                                                                                        *
+\****************************************************************************************/
+
+int Compute_Trace_ALL(Alignment *align, Work_Data *ework)
+{ _Work_Data *work = (_Work_Data *) ework;
+  Trace_Waves wave;
+
+  Path *path;
+  char *aseq, *bseq;
+  int   M, N, D;
+
+  path = align->path;
+  aseq = align->aseq;
+  bseq = align->bseq;
+
+  M = path->aepos-path->abpos;
+  N = path->bepos-path->bbpos;
+  
+  { int64 s;
+    int   d;
+    int   dmax;
+    int   **PVF, **PHF;
+
+    if (M < N)
+      s = N;
+    else
+      s = M;
+    s *= sizeof(int);
+    if (s > work->tramax)
+      if (enlarge_trace(work,s))
+        EXIT(1);
+
+    dmax = path->diffs - abs(M-N);
+
+    s = (dmax+3)*2*((M+N+3)*sizeof(int) + sizeof(int *));
+
+    if (s > 256000000)
+      return (Compute_Trace_ND_ALL(align,ework));
+
+    if (s > work->vecmax)
+      if (enlarge_vector(work,s))
+        EXIT(1);
+
+    wave.PVF = PVF = ((int **) (work->vector)) + 2;
+    wave.PHF = PHF = PVF + (dmax+3);
+
+    s = M+N+3;
+    PVF[-2] = ((int *) (PHF + (dmax+1))) + (N+1);
+    for (d = -1; d <= dmax; d++)
+      PVF[d] = PVF[d-1] + s;
+    PHF[-2] = PVF[dmax] + s;
+    for (d = -1; d <= dmax; d++)
+      PHF[d] = PHF[d-1] + s;
+  }
+
+  wave.Stop = ((int *) work->trace);
+  wave.Aabs = aseq;
+  wave.Babs = bseq;
+
+  D = iter_np(aseq+path->abpos,M,bseq+path->bbpos,N,&wave);
+  if (D < 0)
+    EXIT(1);
+  path->diffs = D;
+  path->trace = work->trace;
+  path->tlen  = wave.Stop - ((int *) path->trace);
+
+  return (0);
+}
+
+int Compute_Trace_PTS(Alignment *align, Work_Data *ework, int trace_spacing)
+{ _Work_Data *work = (_Work_Data *) ework;
+  Trace_Waves wave;
+
+  Path   *path;
+  char   *aseq, *bseq;
+  uint16 *points;
+  int     tlen;
+  int     ab, bb;
+  int     ae, be;
+  int     diffs;
+
+  path   = align->path;
+  aseq   = align->aseq;
+  bseq   = align->bseq;
+  tlen   = path->tlen;
+  points = (uint16 *) path->trace;
+
+  { int64 s;
+    int   d;
+    int   M, N;
+    int   dmax, nmax;
+    int   **PVF, **PHF;
+
+    M = path->aepos-path->abpos;
+    N = path->bepos-path->bbpos;
+    if (M < N)
+      s = N*sizeof(int);
+    else
+      s = M*sizeof(int);
+    if (s > work->tramax)
+      if (enlarge_trace(work,s))
+        EXIT(1);
+
+    nmax = 0;
+    dmax = 0;
+    for (d = 1; d < tlen; d += 2)
+      { if (points[d-1] > dmax)
+          dmax = points[d-1];
+        if (points[d] > nmax)
+          nmax = points[d];
+      }
+    if (tlen <= 1)
+      nmax = N;
+    if (points[d-1] > dmax)
+      dmax = points[d-1];
+
+    s = (dmax+3)*2*((trace_spacing+nmax+3)*sizeof(int) + sizeof(int *));
+
+    if (s > work->vecmax)
+      if (enlarge_vector(work,s))
+        EXIT(1);
+
+    wave.PVF = PVF = ((int **) (work->vector)) + 2;
+    wave.PHF = PHF = PVF + (dmax+3);
+
+    s = trace_spacing+nmax+3;
+    PVF[-2] = ((int *) (PHF + (dmax+1))) + (nmax+1);
+    for (d = -1; d <= dmax; d++)
+      PVF[d] = PVF[d-1] + s;
+    PHF[-2] = PVF[dmax] + s;
+    for (d = -1; d <= dmax; d++)
+      PHF[d] = PHF[d-1] + s;
+  }
+
+  wave.Stop = (int *) (work->trace);
+  wave.Aabs = aseq;
+  wave.Babs = bseq;
+
+  { int i, d;
+
+    diffs = 0;
+    ab = path->abpos;
+    ae = (ab/trace_spacing)*trace_spacing;
+    bb = path->bbpos;
+    tlen -= 2;
+    for (i = 1; i < tlen; i += 2)
+      { ae = ae + trace_spacing;
+        be = bb + points[i];
+        d  = iter_np(aseq+ab,ae-ab,bseq+bb,be-bb,&wave);
+        if (d < 0)
+          EXIT(1);
+        diffs += d;
+        ab = ae;
+        bb = be;
+      }
+    ae = path->aepos;
+    be = path->bepos;
+    d  = iter_np(aseq+ab,ae-ab,bseq+bb,be-bb,&wave);
+    if (d < 0)
+      EXIT(1);
+    diffs += d;
+  }
+
+  path->trace = work->trace;
+  path->tlen  = wave.Stop - ((int *) path->trace);
+  path->diffs = diffs;
+
+  return (0);
+}
+
+int Compute_Trace_MID(Alignment *align, Work_Data *ework, int trace_spacing)
+{ _Work_Data *work = (_Work_Data *) ework;
+  Trace_Waves wave;
+
+  Path   *path;
+  char   *aseq, *bseq;
+  uint16 *points;
+  int     tlen;
+  int     ab, bb;
+  int     ae, be;
+  int     diffs;
+
+  path   = align->path;
+  aseq   = align->aseq;
+  bseq   = align->bseq;
+  tlen   = path->tlen;
+  points = (uint16 *) path->trace;
+
+  { int64 s;
+    int   d;
+    int   M, N;
+    int   dmax, nmax;
+    int   **PVF, **PHF;
+
+    M = path->aepos-path->abpos;
+    N = path->bepos-path->bbpos;
+    if (M < N)
+      s = N*sizeof(int);
+    else
+      s = M*sizeof(int);
+    if (s > work->tramax)
+      if (enlarge_trace(work,s))
+        EXIT(1);
+
+    nmax = 0;
+    dmax = 0;
+    for (d = 1; d < tlen; d += 2)
+      { if (points[d-1] > dmax)
+          dmax = points[d-1];
+        if (points[d] > nmax)
+          nmax = points[d];
+      }
+    if (tlen <= 1)
+      nmax = N;
+    if (points[d-1] > dmax)
+      dmax = points[d-1];
+
+    s = (dmax+3)*4*((trace_spacing+nmax+3)*sizeof(int) + sizeof(int *));
+
+    if (s > work->vecmax)
+      if (enlarge_vector(work,s))
+        EXIT(1);
+
+    wave.PVF = PVF = ((int **) (work->vector)) + 2;
+    wave.PHF = PHF = PVF + (dmax+3);
+
+    s = trace_spacing+nmax+3;
+    PVF[-2] = ((int *) (PHF + (dmax+1))) + (nmax+1);
+    for (d = -1; d <= dmax; d++)
+      PVF[d] = PVF[d-1] + s;
+    PHF[-2] = PVF[dmax] + s;
+    for (d = -1; d <= dmax; d++)
+      PHF[d] = PHF[d-1] + s;
+  }
+
+  wave.Stop = ((int *) work->trace);
+  wave.Aabs = aseq;
+  wave.Babs = bseq;
+
+  { int i, d;
+    int as, bs;
+    int af, bf;
+
+    diffs = 0;
+    ab = as = af = path->abpos;
+    ae = (ab/trace_spacing)*trace_spacing;
+    bb = bs = bf = path->bbpos;
+    tlen -= 2;
+    for (i = 1; i < tlen; i += 2) 
+      { ae = ae + trace_spacing;
+        be = bb + points[i];
+        if (middle_np(aseq+ab,ae-ab,bseq+bb,be-bb,&wave))
+          EXIT(1);
+        af = wave.mida;
+        bf = wave.midb;
+        d  = iter_np(aseq+as,af-as,bseq+bs,bf-bs,&wave);
+        if (d < 0)
+          EXIT(1);
+        diffs += d;
+        ab = ae;
+        bb = be;
+        as = af;
+        bs = bf;
+      }
+
+    ae = path->aepos;
+    be = path->bepos;
+
+    if (middle_np(aseq+ab,ae-ab,bseq+bb,be-bb,&wave))
+      EXIT(1);
+    af = wave.mida;
+    bf = wave.midb;
+    d  = iter_np(aseq+as,af-as,bseq+bs,bf-bs,&wave);
+    if (d < 0)
+      EXIT(1);
+    diffs += d;
+    as = af;
+    bs = bf;
+    
+    d += iter_np(aseq+af,ae-as,bseq+bf,be-bs,&wave);
+    if (d < 0)
+      EXIT(1);
+    diffs += d;
+  }
+
+  path->trace = work->trace;
+  path->tlen  = wave.Stop - ((int *) path->trace);
+  path->diffs = diffs;
+
+  return (0);
+}
diff --git a/align.h b/align.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..110cfcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/align.h
@@ -0,0 +1,349 @@
+/************************************************************************************\
+*                                                                                    *
+* Copyright (c) 2014, Dr. Eugene W. Myers (EWM). All rights reserved.                *
+*                                                                                    *
+* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,   *
+* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this     *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.                                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this  *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or     *
+*    other materials provided with the distribution.                                 *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · The name of EWM may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from     *
+*    this software without specific prior written permission.                        *
+*                                                                                    *
+* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY EWM ”AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,    *
+* INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND       *
+* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL EWM BE LIABLE   *
+* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES *
+* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS  *
+* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY      *
+* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING     *
+* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN  *
+* IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+* For any issues regarding this software and its use, contact EWM at:                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*   Eugene W. Myers Jr.                                                              *
+*   Bautzner Str. 122e                                                               *
+*   01099 Dresden                                                                    *
+*   GERMANY                                                                          *
+*   Email: gene.myers at gmail.com                                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+\************************************************************************************/
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Local alignment module.  Routines for finding local alignments given a seed position,
+ *    representing such an l.a. with its interval and a set of pass-thru points, so that
+ *    a detailed alignment can be efficiently computed on demand.
+ *
+ *  All routines work on a numeric representation of DNA sequences, i.e. 0 for A, 1 for C,
+ *    2 for G, and 3 for T.
+ *
+ *  Author:  Gene Myers
+ *  Date  :  July 2013
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+#include "DB.h"
+
+#define TRACE_XOVR 125   //  If the trace spacing is not more than this value, then can
+                         //    and do compress traces pts to 8-bit unsigned ints
+
+#ifndef _A_MODULE
+
+#define _A_MODULE
+
+/*** INTERACTIVE vs BATCH version
+
+     The defined constant INTERACTIVE (set in DB.h) determines whether an interactive or
+       batch version of the routines in this library are compiled.  In batch mode, routines
+       print an error message and exit.  In interactive mode, the routines place the error
+       message in EPLACE (also defined in DB.h) and return an error value, typically NULL
+       if the routine returns a pointer, and an unusual integer value if the routine returns
+       an integer.
+     Below when an error return is described, one should understand that this value is returned
+       only if the routine was compiled in INTERACTIVE mode.
+
+***/
+
+
+/*** PATH ABSTRACTION:
+
+     Coordinates are *between* characters where 0 is the tick just before the first char,
+     1 is the tick between the first and second character, and so on.  Our data structure
+     is called a Path refering to its conceptualization in an edit graph.
+
+     A local alignment is specified by the point '(abpos,bbpos)' at which its path in
+     the underlying edit graph starts, and the point '(aepos,bepos)' at which it ends.
+     In otherwords A[abpos+1..aepos] is aligned to B[bbpos+1..bepos] (assuming X[1] is
+     the *first* character of X).
+
+     There are 'diffs' differences in an optimal local alignment between the beginning and
+     end points of the alignment (if computed by Compute_Trace), or nearly so (if computed
+     by Local_Alignment).  
+
+     Optionally, a Path can have additional information about the exact nature of the
+     aligned substrings if the field 'trace' is not NULL.  Trace points to either an
+     array of integers (if computed by a Compute_Trace routine), or an array of unsigned
+     short integers (if computed by Local_Alignment).
+
+     If computed by Local_Alignment 'trace' points at a list of 'tlen' (always even) short
+     values:
+
+            d_0, b_0, d_1, b_1, ... d_n-1, b_n-1, d_n, b_n
+
+     to be interpreted as follows.  The alignment from (abpos,bbpos) to (aepos,bepos)
+     passes through the n trace points for i in [1,n]:
+
+            (a_i,b_i) where a_i = floor(abpos/TS)*TS + i*TS
+                        and b_i = bbpos + (b_0 + b_1 + b_i-1)
+
+     where also let a_0,b_0 = abpos,bbpos and a_(n+1),b_(n+1) = aepos,bepos.  That is, the
+     interior (i.e. i != 0 and i != n+1) trace points pass through every TS'th position of
+     the aread where TS is the "trace spacing" employed when finding the alignment (see
+     New_Align_Spec).  Typically TS is 100.  Then d_i is the number of differences in the
+     portion of the alignment between (a_i,b_i) and (a_i+1,b_i+1).  These trace points allow
+     the Compute_Trace routines to efficiently compute the exact alignment between the two
+     reads by efficiently computing exact alignments between consecutive pairs of trace points.
+     Moreover, the diff values give one an idea of the quality of the alignment along every
+     segment of TS symbols of the aread.
+
+     If computed by a Compute_Trace routine, 'trace' points at a list of 'tlen' integers
+     < i1, i2, ... in > that encodes an exact alignment as follows.  A negative number j
+     indicates that a dash should be placed before A[-j] and a positive number k indicates
+     that a dash should be placed before B[k], where A and B are the two sequences of the
+     overlap.  The indels occur in the trace in the order in which they occur along the
+     alignment.  For a good example of how to "decode" a trace into an alignment, see the
+     code for the routine Print_Alignment.
+
+***/
+
+typedef struct
+  { void     *trace;
+    int       tlen;
+    int       diffs;
+    int       abpos, bbpos;
+    int       aepos, bepos;
+  } Path;
+
+
+/*** ALIGNMENT ABSTRACTION:
+
+     An alignment is modeled by an Alignment record, which in addition to a *pointer* to a
+     'path', gives pointers to the A and B sequences, their lengths, and indicates whether
+     the B-sequence needs to be complemented ('comp' non-zero if so).  The 'trace' pointer
+     of the 'path' subrecord can be either NULL, a list of pass-through points, or an exact
+     trace depending on what routines have been called on the record.
+
+     One can (1) compute a trace, with Compute_Trace, either from scratch if 'path.trace' = NULL,
+     or using the sequence of pass-through points in trace, (2) print an ASCII representation
+     of an alignment, or (3) reverse the roles of A and B, and (4) complement a sequence
+     (which is a reversible process).
+
+     If the alignment record shows the B sequence as complemented, *** THEN IT IS THE
+     RESPONSIBILITY OF THE CALLER *** to make sure that bseq points at a complement of
+     the sequence before calling Compute_Trace or Print_Alignment.  Complement_Seq complements
+     the sequence a of length n.  The operation does the complementation/reversal in place.
+     Calling it a second time on a given fragment restores it to its original state.
+***/
+
+#define COMP(x)  ((x) & 0x1)
+
+#define COMP_FLAG 0x1
+
+typedef struct
+  { Path   *path;
+    uint32  flags;        /* Pipeline status and complementation flags          */
+    char   *aseq;         /* Pointer to A sequence                              */
+    char   *bseq;         /* Pointer to B sequence                              */
+    int     alen;         /* Length of A sequence                               */
+    int     blen;         /* Length of B sequence                               */
+  } Alignment;
+
+void Complement_Seq(char *a, int n);
+
+  /* Many routines like Local_Alignment, Compute_Trace, and Print_Alignment need working
+     storage that is more efficiently reused with each call, rather than being allocated anew
+     with each call.  Each *thread* can create a Work_Data object with New_Work_Data and this
+     object holds and retains the working storage for routines of this module between calls
+     to the routines.  If enough memory for a Work_Data is not available then NULL is returned.
+     Free_Work_Data frees a Work_Data object and all working storage held by it.
+  */
+
+  typedef void Work_Data;
+
+  Work_Data *New_Work_Data();
+
+  void       Free_Work_Data(Work_Data *work);
+
+  /* Local_Alignment seeks local alignments of a quality determined by a number of parameters.
+     These are coded in an Align_Spec object that can be created with New_Align_Spec and
+     freed with Free_Align_Spec when no longer needed.  There are 4 essential parameters:
+
+     ave_corr:    the average correlation (1 - 2*error_rate) for the sought alignments.  For Pacbio
+                    data we set this to .70 assuming an average of 15% error in each read.
+     trace_space: the spacing interval for keeping trace points and segment differences (see
+                    description of 'trace' for Paths above)
+     freq[4]:     a 4-element vector where afreq[0] = frequency of A, f(A), freq[1] = f(C),
+                    freq[2] = f(G), and freq[3] = f(T).  This vector is part of the header
+                    of every HITS database (see db.h).
+
+     If an alignment cannot reach the boundary of the d.p. matrix with this condition (i.e.
+     overlap), then the last/first 30 columns of the alignment are guaranteed to be
+     suffix/prefix positive at correlation ave_corr * g(freq) where g is an empirically
+     measured function that increases from 1 as the entropy of freq decreases.  If memory is
+     unavailable or the freq distribution is too skewed then NULL is returned.
+
+     You can get back the original parameters used to create an Align_Spec with the simple
+     utility functions below.
+  */
+
+  typedef void Align_Spec;
+
+  Align_Spec *New_Align_Spec(double ave_corr, int trace_space, float *freq);
+
+  void        Free_Align_Spec(Align_Spec *spec);
+
+  int    Trace_Spacing      (Align_Spec *spec);
+  double Average_Correlation(Align_Spec *spec);
+  float *Base_Frequencies   (Align_Spec *spec);
+
+  /* Local_Alignment finds the longest significant local alignment between the sequences in
+     'align' subject to:
+
+       (a) the alignment criterion given by the Align_Spec 'spec',
+       (b) it passes through one of the points (anti+k)/2,(anti-k)/2 for k in [low,hgh] within
+             the underlying dynamic programming matrix (i.e. the points on diagonals low to hgh
+             on anti-diagonal anti or anti-1 (depending on whether the diagonal is odd or even)),
+       (c) if lbord >= 0, then the alignment is always above diagonal low-lbord, and
+       (d) if hbord >= 0, then the alignment is always below diagonal hgh+hbord.
+
+     The path record of 'align' has its 'trace' filled from the point of view of an overlap
+     between the aread and the bread.  In addition a Path record from the point of view of the
+     bread versus the aread is returned by the function, with this Path's 'trace' filled in
+     appropriately.  The space for the returned path and the two 'trace's are in the working
+     storage supplied by the Work_Data packet and this space is reused with each call, so if
+     one wants to retain the bread-path and the two trace point sequences, then they must be
+     copied to user-allocated storage before calling the routine again.  NULL is returned in
+     the event of an error.
+  */
+
+  Path *Local_Alignment(Alignment *align, Work_Data *work, Align_Spec *spec,
+                        int low, int hgh, int anti, int lbord, int hbord);
+
+  /* Given a legitimate Alignment object, Compute_Trace_X computes an exact trace for the alignment.
+     If 'path.trace' is non-NULL, then it is assumed to be a sequence of pass-through points
+     and diff levels computed by Local_Alignment.  In either case 'path.trace' is set
+     to point at an integer array within the storage of the Work_Data packet encoding an
+     exact optimal trace from the start to end points.  If the trace is needed beyond the
+     next call to a routine that sets it, then it should be copied to an array allocated
+     and managed by the caller.
+
+     Compute_Trace_ALL does not require a sequence of pass-through points, as it computes the
+     best alignment between (path->abpos,path->bbpos) and (path->aepos,path->bepos) in the
+     edit graph between the sequences.  Compute_Trace_PTS computes a trace by computing the
+     trace between successive pass through points.  It is much, much faster than Compute_Trace_ALL
+     but at the tradeoff of not necessarily being optimal as pass-through points are not all
+     perfect.  Compute_Trace_MID computes a trace by computing the trace between the mid-points
+     of alignments between two adjacent pairs of pass through points.  It is generally twice as
+     slow as Compute_Trace_PTS, but it produces nearer optimal alignments.  All these routines
+     return 1 if an error occurred and 0 otherwise.
+  */
+
+  int Compute_Trace_ALL(Alignment *align, Work_Data *work);
+  int Compute_Trace_PTS(Alignment *align, Work_Data *work, int trace_spacing);
+  int Compute_Trace_MID(Alignment *align, Work_Data *work, int trace_spacing);
+
+  /* Alignment_Cartoon prints an ASCII representation of the overlap relationhip between the
+     two reads of 'align' to the given 'file' indented by 'indent' space.  Coord controls
+     the display width of numbers, it must be not less than the width of any number to be
+     displayed.
+
+     If the alignment trace is an exact trace, then one can ask Print_Alignment to print an
+     ASCII representation of the alignment 'align' to the file 'file'.  Indent the display
+     by "indent" spaces and put "width" columns per line in the display.  Show "border"
+     characters of sequence on each side of the aligned region.  If upper is non-zero then
+     display bases in upper case.  If coord is greater than 0, then the positions of the
+     first character in A and B in the given row is displayed with a field width given by
+     coord's value.
+
+     Print_Reference is like Print_Alignment but rather than printing exaclty "width" columns
+     per segment, it prints "block" characters of the A sequence in each segment.  This results
+     in segments of different lengths, but is convenient when looking at two alignments involving
+     A as segments are guaranteed to cover the same interval of A in a segment.
+
+     Both Print routines return 1 if an error occurred (not enough memory), and 0 otherwise.
+
+     Flip_Alignment modifies align so the roles of A and B are reversed.  If full is off then
+     the trace is ignored, otherwise the trace must be to a full alignment trace and this trace
+     is also appropriately inverted.
+  */
+
+  void Alignment_Cartoon(FILE *file, Alignment *align, int indent, int coord);
+
+  int  Print_Alignment(FILE *file, Alignment *align, Work_Data *work,
+                       int indent, int width, int border, int upper, int coord);
+
+  int  Print_Reference(FILE *file, Alignment *align, Work_Data *work,
+                       int indent, int block, int border, int upper, int coord);
+
+  void Flip_Alignment(Alignment *align, int full);
+
+
+/*** OVERLAP ABSTRACTION:
+
+     Externally, between modules an Alignment is modeled by an "Overlap" record, which
+     (a) replaces the pointers to the two sequences with their ID's in the HITS data bases,
+     (b) does not contain the length of the 2 sequences (must fetch from DB), and
+     (c) contains its path as a subrecord rather than as a pointer (indeed, typically the
+     corresponding Alignment record points at the Overlap's path sub-record).  The trace pointer
+     is always to a sequence of trace points and can be either compressed (uint8) or
+     uncompressed (uint16).  One can read and write binary records of an "Overlap".
+***/
+
+typedef struct {
+  Path    path;         /* Path: begin- and end-point of alignment + diffs    */
+  uint32  flags;        /* Pipeline status and complementation flags          */
+  int     aread;        /* Id # of A sequence                                 */
+  int     bread;        /* Id # of B sequence                                 */
+} Overlap;
+
+
+  /* Read_Overlap reads the next Overlap record from stream 'input', not including the trace
+     (if any), and without modifying 'ovl's trace pointer.  Read_Trace reads the ensuing trace
+     into the memory pointed at by the trace field of 'ovl'.  It is assumed to be big enough to
+     accommodate the trace where each value take 'tbytes' bytes (1 if uint8 or 2 if uint16).
+
+     Write_Overlap write 'ovl' to stream 'output' followed by its trace vector (if any) that
+     occupies 'tbytes' bytes per value.  
+
+     Print_Overlap prints an ASCII version of the contents of 'ovl' to stream 'output'
+     where the trace occupes 'tbytes' per value and the print out is indented from the left
+     margin by 'indent' spaces.
+
+     Compress_TraceTo8 converts a trace fo 16-bit values to 8-bit values in place, and
+     Decompress_TraceTo16 does the reverse conversion.
+
+     Check_Trace_Points checks that the number of trace points is correct and that the sum
+     of the b-read displacements equals the b-read alignment interval, assuming the trace
+     spacing is 'tspace'.  It reports an error message if there is a problem and 'verbose'
+     is non-zero.  The 'ovl' came from the file names 'fname'.
+  */
+
+  int Read_Overlap(FILE *input, Overlap *ovl);
+  int Read_Trace(FILE *innput, Overlap *ovl, int tbytes);
+
+  void Write_Overlap(FILE *output, Overlap *ovl, int tbytes);
+  void Print_Overlap(FILE *output, Overlap *ovl, int tbytes, int indent);
+
+  void Compress_TraceTo8(Overlap *ovl);
+  void Decompress_TraceTo16(Overlap *ovl);
+
+  int  Check_Trace_Points(Overlap *ovl, int tspace, int verbose, char *fname);
+
+#endif // _A_MODULE
diff --git a/daligner.c b/daligner.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8ca04e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/daligner.c
@@ -0,0 +1,702 @@
+/************************************************************************************\
+*                                                                                    *
+* Copyright (c) 2014, Dr. Eugene W. Myers (EWM). All rights reserved.                *
+*                                                                                    *
+* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,   *
+* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this     *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.                                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this  *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or     *
+*    other materials provided with the distribution.                                 *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · The name of EWM may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from     *
+*    this software without specific prior written permission.                        *
+*                                                                                    *
+* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY EWM ”AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,    *
+* INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND       *
+* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL EWM BE LIABLE   *
+* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES *
+* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS  *
+* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY      *
+* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING     *
+* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN  *
+* IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+* For any issues regarding this software and its use, contact EWM at:                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*   Eugene W. Myers Jr.                                                              *
+*   Bautzner Str. 122e                                                               *
+*   01099 Dresden                                                                    *
+*   GERMANY                                                                          *
+*   Email: gene.myers at gmail.com                                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+\************************************************************************************/
+
+/*********************************************************************************************\
+ *
+ *  Find all local alignment between long, noisy DNA reads:
+ *    Compare sequences in 'subject' database against those in the list of 'target' databases
+ *    searching for local alignments of 1000bp or more (defined constant MIN_OVERLAP in
+ *    filter.c).  Subject is compared in both orientations againt each target.  An output
+ *    stream of 'Overlap' records (see align.h) is written in binary to the standard output,
+ *    each encoding a given found local alignment between two of the sequences.  The -v
+ *    option turns on a verbose reporting mode that gives statistics on each major stage.
+ *
+ *    There cannot be more than 65,535 reads in a given db, and each read must be less than
+ *    66,535 characters long.
+ *
+ *    The filter operates by looking for a pair of diagonal bands of width 2^'s' that contain
+ *    a collection of exact matching 'k'-mers between the two sequences, such that the total
+ *    number of bases covered by 'k'-mer hits is 'h'.  k cannot be larger than 15 in the
+ *    current implementation.
+ *
+ *    Some k-mers are significantly over-represented (e.g. homopolymer runs).  These are
+ *    suppressed as seed hits, with the parameter 'm' -- any k-mer that occurs more than
+ *    'm' times in either the subject or target is not counted as a seed hit.  If the -m
+ *    option is absent then no k-mer is suppressed.
+ *
+ *    For each subject, target pair, say XXX and YYY, the program outputs a file containing
+ *    overlaps of the form XXX.YYY.[C|N]#.las where C implies that the reads in XXX were
+ *    complemented and N implies they were not (both comparisons are performed), and # is
+ *    the thread that detected and wrote out the collection of overlaps.  For example, if
+ *    NTHREAD in the program is 4, then 8 files are output for each subject, target pair.
+ *
+ *  Author:  Gene Myers
+ *  Date  :  June 1, 2014
+ *
+ *********************************************************************************************/
+ 
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#if defined(BSD)
+#include <sys/sysctl.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "DB.h"
+#include "filter.h"
+
+static char *Usage[] =
+  { "[-vbAI] [-k<int(14)>] [-w<int(6)>] [-h<int(35)>] [-t<int>] [-M<int>]",
+    "        [-e<double(.70)] [-l<int(1000)>] [-s<int(100)>] [-H<int>]",
+    "        [-m<track>]+ <subject:db|dam> <target:db|dam> ...",
+  };
+
+int     VERBOSE;   //   Globally visible to filter.c
+int     BIASED;
+int     MINOVER;
+int     HGAP_MIN;
+int     SYMMETRIC;
+int     IDENTITY;
+uint64  MEM_LIMIT;
+uint64  MEM_PHYSICAL;
+
+/*  Adapted from code by David Robert Nadeau (http://NadeauSoftware.com) licensed under
+ *     "Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License"
+ *          (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en_US)
+ *
+ *   I removed Windows options, reformated, and return int64 instead of size_t
+ */
+
+static int64 getMemorySize( )
+{
+#if defined(CTL_HW) && (defined(HW_MEMSIZE) || defined(HW_PHYSMEM64))
+
+  // OSX, NetBSD, OpenBSD
+
+  int     mib[2];
+  size_t  size = 0;
+  size_t  len = sizeof( size );
+
+  mib[0] = CTL_HW;
+#if defined(HW_MEMSIZE)
+  mib[1] = HW_MEMSIZE;            // OSX
+#elif defined(HW_PHYSMEM64)
+  mib[1] = HW_PHYSMEM64;          // NetBSD, OpenBSD
+#endif
+  if (sysctl(mib,2,&size,&len,NULL,0) == 0)
+    return ((size_t) size);
+  return (0);
+
+#elif defined(_SC_AIX_REALMEM)
+
+  // AIX
+
+  return ((size_t) sysconf( _SC_AIX_REALMEM ) * ((size_t) 1024L));
+
+#elif defined(_SC_PHYS_PAGES) && defined(_SC_PAGESIZE)
+
+  // FreeBSD, Linux, OpenBSD, & Solaris
+
+  size_t  size = 0;
+
+  size = (size_t) sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
+  return (size * ((size_t) sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE)));
+
+#elif defined(_SC_PHYS_PAGES) && defined(_SC_PAGE_SIZE)
+
+  // ? Legacy ?
+
+  size_t  size = 0;
+
+  size = (size_t) sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
+  return (size * ((size_t) sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE)));
+
+#elif defined(CTL_HW) && (defined(HW_PHYSMEM) || defined(HW_REALMEM))
+
+  // DragonFly BSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, and OSX
+
+  int          mib[2];
+  unsigned int size = 0;
+  size_t       len  = sizeof( size );
+
+  mib[0] = CTL_HW;
+#if defined(HW_REALMEM)
+  mib[1] = HW_REALMEM;		// FreeBSD
+#elif defined(HW_PYSMEM)
+  mib[1] = HW_PHYSMEM;		// Others
+#endif
+  if (sysctl(mib,2,&size,&len,NULL,0) == 0)
+    return (size_t)size;
+  return (0);
+
+#else
+
+  return (0);
+
+#endif
+}
+
+typedef struct
+  { int *ano;
+    int *end;
+    int  idx;
+    int  out;
+  } Event;
+
+static void reheap(int s, Event **heap, int hsize)
+{ int      c, l, r;
+  Event   *hs, *hr, *hl;
+
+  c  = s;
+  hs = heap[s];
+  while ((l = 2*c) <= hsize)
+    { r  = l+1;
+      hl = heap[l];
+      hr = heap[r];
+      if (hr->idx > hl->idx)
+        { if (hs->idx > hl->idx)
+            { heap[c] = hl;
+              c = l;
+            }
+          else
+            break;
+        }
+      else
+        { if (hs->idx > hr->idx)
+            { heap[c] = hr;
+              c = r;
+            }
+          else
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+  if (c != s)
+    heap[c] = hs;
+}
+
+int64 Merge_Size(HITS_DB *block, int mtop)
+{ Event       ev[mtop+1];
+  Event      *heap[mtop+2];
+  int         r, mhalf;
+  int64       nsize;
+
+  { HITS_TRACK *track;
+    int         i;
+
+    track = block->tracks;
+    for (i = 0; i < mtop; i++)
+      { ev[i].ano = ((int *) (track->data)) + ((int64 *) (track->anno))[0];
+        ev[i].out = 1;
+        heap[i+1] = ev+i;
+        track = track->next;
+      }
+    ev[mtop].idx = INT32_MAX;
+    heap[mtop+1] = ev+mtop;
+  }
+
+  mhalf = mtop/2;
+
+  nsize = 0;
+  for (r = 0; r < block->nreads; r++)
+    { int         i, level, hsize;
+      HITS_TRACK *track;
+
+      track = block->tracks;
+      for (i = 0; i < mtop; i++)
+        { ev[i].end = ((int *) (track->data)) + ((int64 *) (track->anno))[r+1];
+          if (ev[i].ano < ev[i].end)
+            ev[i].idx = *(ev[i].ano);
+          else
+            ev[i].idx = INT32_MAX;
+          track = track->next;
+        }
+      hsize = mtop;
+
+      for (i = mhalf; i > 1; i--)
+        reheap(i,heap,hsize);
+
+      level = 0;
+      while (1)
+        { Event *p;
+
+          reheap(1,heap,hsize);
+
+          p = heap[1];
+          if (p->idx == INT32_MAX) break;
+
+          p->out = 1-p->out;
+          if (p->out)
+            { level -= 1;
+              if (level == 0)
+                nsize += 1;
+            }
+          else
+            { if (level == 0)
+                nsize += 1;
+              level += 1;
+            }
+          p->ano += 1;
+          if (p->ano >= p->end)
+            p->idx = INT32_MAX;
+          else
+            p->idx = *(p->ano);
+        }
+    }
+
+  return (nsize);
+}
+
+HITS_TRACK *Merge_Tracks(HITS_DB *block, int mtop, int64 nsize)
+{ HITS_TRACK *ntrack;
+  Event       ev[mtop+1];
+  Event      *heap[mtop+2];
+  int         r, mhalf;
+  int64      *anno;
+  int        *data;
+
+  ntrack = (HITS_TRACK *) Malloc(sizeof(HITS_TRACK),"Allocating merged track");
+  if (ntrack == NULL)
+    exit (1);
+  ntrack->name = Strdup("merge","Allocating merged track");
+  ntrack->anno = anno = (int64 *) Malloc(sizeof(int64)*(block->nreads+1),"Allocating merged track");
+  ntrack->data = data = (int *) Malloc(sizeof(int)*nsize,"Allocating merged track");
+  ntrack->size = sizeof(int);
+  ntrack->next = NULL;
+  if (anno == NULL || data == NULL || ntrack->name == NULL)
+    exit (1);
+
+  { HITS_TRACK *track;
+    int         i;
+
+    track = block->tracks;
+    for (i = 0; i < mtop; i++)
+      { ev[i].ano = ((int *) (track->data)) + ((int64 *) (track->anno))[0];
+        ev[i].out = 1;
+        heap[i+1] = ev+i;
+        track = track->next;
+      }
+    ev[mtop].idx = INT32_MAX;
+    heap[mtop+1] = ev+mtop;
+  }
+
+  mhalf = mtop/2;
+
+  nsize = 0;
+  for (r = 0; r < block->nreads; r++)
+    { int         i, level, hsize;
+      HITS_TRACK *track;
+
+      anno[r] = nsize;
+
+      track = block->tracks;
+      for (i = 0; i < mtop; i++)
+        { ev[i].end = ((int *) (track->data)) + ((int64 *) (track->anno))[r+1];
+          if (ev[i].ano < ev[i].end)
+            ev[i].idx = *(ev[i].ano);
+          else
+            ev[i].idx = INT32_MAX;
+          track = track->next;
+        }
+      hsize = mtop;
+
+      for (i = mhalf; i > 1; i--)
+        reheap(i,heap,hsize);
+
+      level = 0;
+      while (1)
+        { Event *p;
+
+          reheap(1,heap,hsize);
+
+          p = heap[1];
+          if (p->idx == INT32_MAX) break;
+
+          p->out = 1-p->out;
+          if (p->out)
+            { level -= 1;
+              if (level == 0)
+                data[nsize++] = p->idx;
+            }
+          else
+            { if (level == 0)
+                data[nsize++] = p->idx;
+              level += 1;
+            }
+          p->ano += 1;
+          if (p->ano >= p->end)
+            p->idx = INT32_MAX;
+          else
+            p->idx = *(p->ano);
+        }
+    }
+  anno[r] = nsize;
+
+  return (ntrack);
+}
+
+static HITS_DB *read_DB(char *name, char **mask, int *mstat, int mtop, int kmer, int *isdam)
+{ static HITS_DB  block;
+  int             i, status, stop;
+
+  status = Open_DB(name,&block);
+  if (status < 0)
+    exit (1);
+  *isdam = status;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < mtop; i++)
+    { status = Check_Track(&block,mask[i]);
+      if (status > mstat[i])
+        mstat[i] = status;
+      if (status == 0)
+        Load_Track(&block,mask[i]);
+    }
+
+  Trim_DB(&block);
+
+  stop = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < mtop; i++)
+    { HITS_TRACK *track;
+      int64      *anno;
+      int         j;
+
+      status = Check_Track(&block,mask[i]);
+      if (status < 0)
+        continue;
+      stop += 1;
+      track = Load_Track(&block,mask[i]);
+
+      anno = (int64 *) (track->anno); 
+      for (j = 0; j <= block.nreads; j++)
+        anno[j] /= sizeof(int);
+    }
+
+  if (stop > 1)
+    { int64       nsize;
+      HITS_TRACK *track;
+
+      nsize = Merge_Size(&block,stop);
+      track = Merge_Tracks(&block,stop,nsize);
+
+      while (block.tracks != NULL)
+        Close_Track(&block,block.tracks->name);
+
+      block.tracks = track;
+    }
+
+  if (block.cutoff < kmer)
+    { for (i = 0; i < block.nreads; i++)
+        if (block.reads[i].rlen < kmer)
+          { fprintf(stderr,"%s: Block %s contains reads < %dbp long !  Run DBsplit.\n",
+                           Prog_Name,name,kmer);
+            exit (1);
+          }
+    }
+
+  Read_All_Sequences(&block,0);
+
+  return (&block);
+}
+
+static void complement(char *s, int len)
+{ char *t;
+  int   c;
+
+  t = s + (len-1);
+  while (s < t)
+    { c = *s;
+      *s = (char) (3-*t);
+      *t = (char) (3-c);
+      s += 1;
+      t -= 1;
+    }
+  if (s == t)
+    *s = (char) (3-*s);
+}
+
+static HITS_DB *complement_DB(HITS_DB *block)
+{ static HITS_DB cblock;
+  int            i, nreads;
+  HITS_READ     *reads;
+  char          *seq;
+  float          x;
+  
+  nreads = block->nreads;
+  reads  = block->reads;
+  seq    = (char *) Malloc(block->reads[nreads].boff+1,"Allocating dazzler sequence block");
+  if (seq == NULL)
+    exit (1);
+  *seq++ = 4;
+  memcpy(seq,block->bases,block->reads[nreads].boff);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < nreads; i++)
+    complement(seq+reads[i].boff,reads[i].rlen);
+
+  cblock = *block;
+  cblock.bases = (void *) seq;
+
+  x = cblock.freq[0];
+  cblock.freq[0] = cblock.freq[3];
+  cblock.freq[3] = x;
+
+  x = cblock.freq[1];
+  cblock.freq[1] = cblock.freq[2];
+  cblock.freq[2] = x;
+
+  { HITS_TRACK *t, *dust;
+    int        *data, *tata;
+    int         p, rlen;
+    int64       j, *tano;
+
+    for (t = block->tracks; t != NULL; t = t->next)
+      { tano = (int64 *) t->anno;
+        tata = (int *) t->data;
+
+        data = (int *) Malloc(sizeof(int)*tano[nreads],"Allocating dazzler .dust index");
+        dust = (HITS_TRACK *) Malloc(sizeof(HITS_TRACK),"Allocating dazzler .dust track");
+        if (data == NULL || dust == NULL)
+          exit (1);
+
+        dust->next = NULL;
+        dust->name = t->name;
+        dust->size = 4;
+        dust->anno = (void *) tano;
+        dust->data = (void *) data;
+        cblock.tracks = dust;
+
+        p = 0;
+        for (i = 0; i < nreads; i++)
+          { rlen = reads[i].rlen;
+            for (j = tano[i+1]-1; j >= tano[i]; j--)
+              data[p++] = rlen - tata[j];
+          }
+      }
+  }
+
+  return (&cblock);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{ HITS_DB     ablock,  bblock, cblock;
+  char       *afile,  *bfile;
+  char       *aroot,  *broot;
+  Align_Spec *asettings;
+  int         isdam;
+  int         MMAX, MTOP, *MSTAT;
+  char      **MASK;
+
+  int    KMER_LEN;
+  int    BIN_SHIFT;
+  int    MAX_REPS;
+  int    HIT_MIN;
+  double AVE_ERROR;
+  int    SPACING;
+
+  { int    i, j, k;
+    int    flags[128];
+    char  *eptr;
+
+    ARG_INIT("daligner")
+
+    KMER_LEN  = 14;
+    HIT_MIN   = 35;
+    BIN_SHIFT = 6;
+    MAX_REPS  = 0;
+    HGAP_MIN  = 0;
+    AVE_ERROR = .70;
+    SPACING   = 100;
+    MINOVER   = 1000;    //   Globally visible to filter.c
+
+    MEM_PHYSICAL = getMemorySize();
+    MEM_LIMIT    = MEM_PHYSICAL;
+    if (MEM_PHYSICAL == 0)
+      { fprintf(stderr,"\nWarning: Could not get physical memory size\n");
+        fflush(stderr);
+      }
+
+    MTOP  = 0;
+    MMAX  = 10;
+    MASK  = (char **) Malloc(MMAX*sizeof(char *),"Allocating mask track array");
+    MSTAT = (int *) Malloc(MMAX*sizeof(int),"Allocating mask status array");
+    if (MASK == NULL || MSTAT == NULL)
+      exit (1);
+
+    j    = 1;
+    for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+      if (argv[i][0] == '-')
+        switch (argv[i][1])
+        { default:
+            ARG_FLAGS("vbAI")
+            break;
+          case 'k':
+            ARG_POSITIVE(KMER_LEN,"K-mer length")
+            break;
+          case 'w':
+            ARG_POSITIVE(BIN_SHIFT,"Log of bin width")
+            break;
+          case 'h':
+            ARG_POSITIVE(HIT_MIN,"Hit threshold (in bp.s)")
+            break;
+          case 't':
+            ARG_POSITIVE(MAX_REPS,"Tuple supression frequency")
+            break;
+          case 'H':
+            ARG_POSITIVE(HGAP_MIN,"HGAP threshold (in bp.s)")
+            break;
+          case 'e':
+            ARG_REAL(AVE_ERROR)
+            if (AVE_ERROR < .7 || AVE_ERROR >= 1.)
+              { fprintf(stderr,"%s: Average correlation must be in [.7,1.) (%g)\n",
+                               Prog_Name,AVE_ERROR);
+                exit (1);
+              }
+            break;
+          case 'l':
+            ARG_POSITIVE(MINOVER,"Minimum alignment length")
+            break;
+          case 's':
+            ARG_POSITIVE(SPACING,"Trace spacing")
+            break;
+          case 'M':
+            { int limit;
+
+              ARG_NON_NEGATIVE(limit,"Memory allocation (in Gb)")
+              MEM_LIMIT = limit * 0x40000000ll;
+              break;
+            }
+          case 'm':
+            if (MTOP >= MMAX)
+              { MMAX  = 1.2*MTOP + 10;
+                MASK  = (char **) Realloc(MASK,MMAX*sizeof(char *),"Reallocating mask track array");
+                MSTAT = (int *) Realloc(MSTAT,MMAX*sizeof(int),"Reallocating mask status array");
+                if (MASK == NULL || MSTAT == NULL)
+                  exit (1);
+              }
+            MSTAT[MTOP]  = -2;
+            MASK[MTOP++] = argv[i]+2;
+            break;
+        }
+      else
+        argv[j++] = argv[i];
+    argc = j;
+
+    VERBOSE   = flags['v'];   //  Globally declared in filter.h
+    BIASED    = flags['b'];   //  Globally declared in filter.h
+    SYMMETRIC = 1-flags['A'];
+    IDENTITY  = flags['I'];
+
+    if (argc <= 2)
+      { fprintf(stderr,"Usage: %s %s\n",Prog_Name,Usage[0]);
+        fprintf(stderr,"       %*s %s\n",(int) strlen(Prog_Name),"",Usage[1]);
+        fprintf(stderr,"       %*s %s\n",(int) strlen(Prog_Name),"",Usage[2]);
+        exit (1);
+      }
+  }
+
+  MINOVER *= 2;
+  if (Set_Filter_Params(KMER_LEN,BIN_SHIFT,MAX_REPS,HIT_MIN))
+    { fprintf(stderr,"Illegal combination of filter parameters\n");
+      exit (1);
+    }
+
+  /* Read in the reads in A */
+
+  afile  = argv[1];
+  ablock = *read_DB(afile,MASK,MSTAT,MTOP,KMER_LEN,&isdam);
+  cblock = *complement_DB(&ablock);
+  if (isdam)
+    aroot = Root(afile,".dam");
+  else
+    aroot = Root(afile,".db");
+
+  if (ablock.cutoff >= HGAP_MIN)
+    HGAP_MIN = ablock.cutoff;
+
+  asettings = New_Align_Spec( AVE_ERROR, SPACING, ablock.freq);
+
+  /* Compare against reads in B in both orientations */
+
+  { int i, j;
+
+    for (i = 2; i < argc; i++)
+      { bfile = argv[i];
+        if (strcmp(afile,bfile) != 0)
+          { bblock = *read_DB(bfile,MASK,MSTAT,MTOP,KMER_LEN,&isdam);
+            if (isdam)
+              broot = Root(bfile,".dam");
+            else
+              broot = Root(bfile,".db");
+          }
+
+        if (i == 2)
+          { for (j = 0; j < MTOP; j++)
+              { if (MSTAT[j] == -2)
+                  printf("%s: Warning: -m%s option given but no track found.\n",Prog_Name,MASK[i]);
+                else if (MSTAT[j] == -1)
+                  printf("%s: Warning: %s track not sync'd with relevant db.\n",Prog_Name,MASK[i]);
+              }
+
+            if (VERBOSE)
+              printf("\nBuilding index for %s\n",aroot);
+            Build_Table(&ablock);
+
+            if (VERBOSE)
+              printf("\nBuilding index for c(%s)\n",aroot);
+            Build_Table(&cblock);
+          }
+      
+        if (strcmp(afile,bfile) == 0)
+          { Match_Filter(aroot,&ablock,aroot,&ablock,1,0,asettings);
+            Match_Filter(aroot,&cblock,aroot,&ablock,1,1,asettings);
+          }
+        else
+          { Match_Filter(aroot,&ablock,broot,&bblock,0,0,asettings);
+            Match_Filter(aroot,&cblock,broot,&bblock,0,1,asettings);
+            Close_DB(&bblock);
+            free(broot);
+          }
+      }
+  }
+
+  exit (0);
+}
diff --git a/filter.c b/filter.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db80348
--- /dev/null
+++ b/filter.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1837 @@
+/************************************************************************************\
+*                                                                                    *
+* Copyright (c) 2014, Dr. Eugene W. Myers (EWM). All rights reserved.                *
+*                                                                                    *
+* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,   *
+* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this     *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.                                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this  *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or     *
+*    other materials provided with the distribution.                                 *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · The name of EWM may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from     *
+*    this software without specific prior written permission.                        *
+*                                                                                    *
+* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY EWM ”AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,    *
+* INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND       *
+* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL EWM BE LIABLE   *
+* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES *
+* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS  *
+* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY      *
+* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING     *
+* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN  *
+* IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+* For any issues regarding this software and its use, contact EWM at:                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*   Eugene W. Myers Jr.                                                              *
+*   Bautzner Str. 122e                                                               *
+*   01099 Dresden                                                                    *
+*   GERMANY                                                                          *
+*   Email: gene.myers at gmail.com                                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+\************************************************************************************/
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Fast local alignment filter for long, noisy reads based on "dumbing down" of my RECOMB 2005
+ *     filter with Jens Stoye, and a "smarting up" of the k-mer matching by turning it into
+ *     a threaded sort and merge paradigm using a super cache coherent radix sort.
+ *
+ *  Author :  Gene Myers
+ *  First  :  June 2013
+ *  Current:  June 1, 2014
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+//  A complete threaded code for the filter
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+#include "DB.h"
+#include "filter.h"
+#include "align.h"
+
+#define THREAD    pthread_t
+
+#define MAX_BIAS  2    //  In -b mode, don't consider tuples with specificity
+                       //     <= 4 ^ -(kmer-MAX_BIAS)
+#define MAXGRAM 10000  //  Cap on k-mer count histogram (in count_thread, merge_thread)
+
+#define PANEL_SIZE     50000   //  Size to break up very long A-reads
+#define PANEL_OVERLAP  10000   //  Overlap of A-panels
+
+#undef  TEST_LSORT
+#undef  TEST_KSORT
+#undef  TEST_PAIRS
+#undef  TEST_CSORT
+#define    HOW_MANY   3000   //  Print first HOW_MANY items for each of the TEST options above
+
+#undef  TEST_GATHER
+#undef  SHOW_OVERLAP          //  Show the cartoon
+#undef  SHOW_ALIGNMENT        //  Show the alignment
+#define   ALIGN_WIDTH    80   //     Parameters for alignment
+#define   ALIGN_INDENT   20
+#define   ALIGN_BORDER   10
+
+#ifdef SHOW_OVERLAP
+#define NOTHREAD
+#endif
+
+#ifdef TEST_GATHER
+#define NOTHREAD
+#endif
+
+typedef struct
+  { uint64 p1;   //  The lower half
+    uint64 p2;
+  } Double;
+
+#if __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__ == __BYTE_ORDER__
+
+typedef struct
+  { uint64 code;
+    int    rpos;
+    int    read;
+  } KmerPos;
+
+typedef struct
+  { int    diag;
+    int    apos;
+    int    aread;
+    int    bread;
+  } SeedPair;
+
+#else
+
+typedef struct
+  { uint64 code;
+    int    read;
+    int    rpos;
+  } KmerPos;
+
+typedef struct
+  { int    apos;
+    int    diag;
+    int    bread;
+    int    aread;
+  } SeedPair;
+
+#endif
+
+static KmerPos *Asort = NULL;
+static KmerPos *Csort = NULL;
+
+static int      Alen, Clen;
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  PARAMETER SETUP
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+static int Kmer;
+static int Hitmin;
+static int Binshift;
+static int Suppress;
+
+static int    Kshift;         //  2*Kmer
+static uint64 Kmask;          //  4^Kmer-1
+static uint64 Kpowr;          //  4^Kmer
+static int    TooFrequent;    //  (Suppress != 0) ? Suppress : INT32_MAX
+
+int Set_Filter_Params(int kmer, int binshift, int suppress, int hitmin)
+{ if (kmer <= 1)
+    return (1);
+
+  Kmer     = kmer;
+  Binshift = binshift;
+  Suppress = suppress;
+  Hitmin   = hitmin;
+
+  Kshift = 2*Kmer;
+  Kpowr  = (0x1llu << Kshift);
+  Kmask  = Kpowr-1;
+
+  if (Suppress == 0)
+    TooFrequent = INT32_MAX;
+  else
+    TooFrequent = Suppress;
+
+  return (0);
+}
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  LEXICOGRAPHIC SORT
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+#define BMER      4
+#define BSHIFT    8             //  = 2*BMER
+#define BPOWR   256             //  = 2^BSHIFT
+#define BMASK  0xffllu          //  = BPOWR-1
+
+static uint64  QMASK;           //  = BMASK << NSHIFT
+static int     LEX_shift;
+static int64   LEX_zsize;
+static int     LEX_last;
+static int     LEX_next;
+static Double *LEX_src;
+static Double *LEX_trg;
+
+typedef struct
+  { int64  beg;
+    int64  end;
+    int64  tptr[BPOWR];
+    int64  sptr[NTHREADS*BPOWR];
+  } Lex_Arg;
+
+static void *lex_thread(void *arg)
+{ Lex_Arg    *data  = (Lex_Arg *) arg;
+  int64      *sptr  = data->sptr;
+  int64      *tptr  = data->tptr;
+  int         shift = LEX_shift;   //  Must be a multiple of 8 in [0,120]
+  int        qshift = (LEX_next - LEX_shift) - NSHIFT;
+  int64       zsize = LEX_zsize;
+  Double     *src   = LEX_src;
+  Double     *trg   = LEX_trg;
+  int64       i, n, x;
+  uint64      c, b;
+
+  n = data->end;
+  if (shift >= 64)
+    { shift -= 64;
+      if (LEX_last)
+        for (i = data->beg; i < n; i++)
+          { c = src[i].p2;
+            b = (c >> shift);
+            x = tptr[b&BMASK]++;
+            trg[x] = src[i];
+          }
+      else
+        for (i = data->beg; i < n; i++)
+          { c = src[i].p2;
+            b = (c >> shift);
+            x = tptr[b&BMASK]++;
+            trg[x] = src[i];
+            sptr[((b >> qshift) & QMASK) + x/zsize] += 1;
+          }
+    }
+
+  else if ( ! LEX_last && LEX_next >= 64)   //  && LEX_shift < 64
+
+    { qshift = (LEX_next - 64) - NSHIFT;
+      if (qshift < 0)
+        for (i = data->beg; i < n; i++)
+          { c = src[i].p1;
+            b = (c >> shift);
+            x = tptr[b&BMASK]++;
+            trg[x] = src[i];
+            sptr[((src[i].p2 << NSHIFT) & QMASK) + x/zsize] += 1;
+          }
+      else
+        for (i = data->beg; i < n; i++)
+          { c = src[i].p1;
+            b = (c >> shift);
+            x = tptr[b&BMASK]++;
+            trg[x] = src[i];
+            sptr[((src[i].p2 >> qshift) & QMASK) + x/zsize] += 1;
+          }
+    }
+
+  else // LEX_last || LEX_next < 64
+    if (LEX_last)
+      if (shift == 0)
+        for (i = data->beg; i < n; i++)
+          { c = src[i].p1;
+            x = tptr[c&BMASK]++;
+            trg[x] = src[i];
+          }
+      else
+        for (i = data->beg; i < n; i++)
+          { c = src[i].p1;
+            b = (c >> shift);
+            x = tptr[b&BMASK]++;
+            trg[x] = src[i];
+          }
+    else
+      if (shift == 0)
+        for (i = data->beg; i < n; i++)
+          { c = src[i].p1;
+            x = tptr[c&BMASK]++;
+            trg[x] = src[i];
+            sptr[((c >> qshift) & QMASK) + x/zsize] += 1;
+          }
+      else
+        for (i = data->beg; i < n; i++)
+          { c = src[i].p1;
+            b = (c >> shift);
+            x = tptr[b&BMASK]++;
+            trg[x] = src[i];
+            sptr[((b >> qshift) & QMASK) + x/zsize] += 1;
+          }
+
+  return (NULL);
+}
+
+static Double *lex_sort(int bytes[16], Double *src, Double *trg, Lex_Arg *parmx)
+{ THREAD  threads[NTHREADS];
+
+  int64   len, x, y;
+  Double *xch;
+  int     i, j, k, z;
+  int     b, c, fb;
+
+  len       = parmx[NTHREADS-1].end;
+  LEX_zsize = (len-1)/NTHREADS + 1;
+  LEX_src   = src;
+  LEX_trg   = trg;
+  QMASK     = (BMASK << NSHIFT);
+
+  for (c = 0; c < 16; c++)
+    if (bytes[c])
+      break;
+  fb = c;
+  for (b = c; b < 16; b = c)
+    { for (c = b+1; c < 16; c++)
+        if (bytes[c])
+          break;
+      LEX_last  = (c >= 16);
+      LEX_shift = (b << 3);
+      LEX_next  = (c << 3);
+ 
+      if (b == fb)
+        { for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+            for (z = 0; z < NTHREADS*BPOWR; z++)
+              parmx[i].sptr[z] = 0;
+        }
+      else
+        { x = 0;
+          for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+            { parmx[i].beg = x;
+              parmx[i].end = x = LEX_zsize*(i+1);
+              for (j = 0; j < BPOWR; j++)
+                parmx[i].tptr[j] = 0;
+            }
+          parmx[NTHREADS-1].end = len;
+
+          for (j = 0; j < BPOWR; j++)
+            { k = (j << NSHIFT);
+              for (z = 0; z < NTHREADS; z++)
+                for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+                  { parmx[i].tptr[j] += parmx[z].sptr[k+i];
+                    parmx[z].sptr[k+i] = 0;
+                  }
+            }
+        }
+
+      x = 0;
+      for (j = 0; j < BPOWR; j++)
+        for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+          { y = parmx[i].tptr[j];
+            parmx[i].tptr[j] = x;
+            x += y;
+          }
+
+      for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+        pthread_create(threads+i,NULL,lex_thread,parmx+i);
+
+      for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+        pthread_join(threads[i],NULL);
+
+      xch     = LEX_src;
+      LEX_src = LEX_trg;
+      LEX_trg = xch;
+
+#ifdef TEST_LSORT
+      printf("\nLSORT %d\n",LEX_shift);
+      if (LEX_shift >= 64)
+        { x = (1 << ((LEX_shift-64)+BSHIFT))-1;
+          for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+            { printf("%6d: %8llx %8llx %8llx %8llx : %4llx",
+                     i,LEX_src[i].p2>>32,(LEX_src[i].p2)&0xffffffffll,LEX_src[i].p1>>32,
+                     LEX_src[i].p1&0xffffffffll,LEX_src[i].p2&x);
+              if (i > 0 && (LEX_src[i].p1 < LEX_src[i].p1 ||
+                             (LEX_src[i].p1 == LEX_src[i].p1 && 
+                             (LEX_src[i].p2 & x) < (LEX_src[i-1].p2 & x))))
+                printf(" OO");
+              printf("\n");
+            }
+        }
+      else
+        { x = (1 << (LEX_shift+BSHIFT))-1;
+          for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+            { printf("%6d: %8llx %8llx %8llx %8llx : %4llx",
+                     i,LEX_src[i].p2>>32,(LEX_src[i].p2)&0xffffffffll,LEX_src[i].p1>>32,
+                     LEX_src[i].p1&0xffffffffll,LEX_src[i].p1&x);
+              if (i > 0 && (LEX_src[i].p1 & x) < (LEX_src[i-1].p1 & x))
+                printf(" OO");
+              printf("\n");
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
+  return (LEX_src);
+}
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  INDEX BUILD
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+static int *NormShift = NULL;
+static int  LogNorm, LogThresh;
+static int  LogBase[4];
+
+static HITS_DB    *TA_block;
+static KmerPos    *TA_list;
+static HITS_TRACK *TA_track;
+
+typedef struct
+  { int    tnum;
+    int64 *kptr;
+    int    fill;
+  } Tuple_Arg;
+
+
+static void *tuple_thread(void *arg)
+{ Tuple_Arg  *data  = (Tuple_Arg *) arg;
+  int         tnum  = data->tnum;
+  int64      *kptr  = data->kptr;
+  KmerPos    *list  = TA_list;
+  int         i, m, n, x, p;
+  uint64      c;
+  char       *s;
+
+  c  = TA_block->nreads;
+  i  = (c * tnum) >> NSHIFT;
+  n  = TA_block->reads[i].boff;
+  s  = ((char *) (TA_block->bases)) + n;
+  n -= Kmer*i;
+
+  if (TA_track != NULL)
+    { HITS_READ *reads = TA_block->reads;
+      int64     *anno1 = ((int64 *) (TA_track->anno)) + 1;
+      int       *point = (int *) (TA_track->data);
+      int64      a, b, f; 
+      int        q;
+
+      f = anno1[i-1];
+      for (m = (c * (tnum+1)) >> NSHIFT; i < m; i++)
+        { b = f;
+          f = anno1[i];
+          q = reads[i].rlen;
+          for (a = b; a <= f; a += 2)
+            { if (a == b)
+                p = 0;
+              else
+                p = point[a-1];
+              if (a == f)
+                q = reads[i].rlen;
+              else
+                q = point[a];
+              if (p+Kmer <= q)
+                { c = 0;
+                  for (x = 1; x < Kmer; x++)
+                    c = (c << 2) | s[p++];
+                  while (p < q)
+                    { x = s[p];
+                      c = ((c << 2) | x) & Kmask;
+                      list[n].read = i;
+                      list[n].rpos = p++;
+                      list[n].code = c;
+                      n += 1;
+                      kptr[c & BMASK] += 1;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+          s += (q+1);
+        }
+
+      m = TA_block->reads[m].boff - Kmer*m;
+      kptr[BMASK] += (data->fill = m-n);
+      while (n < m)
+        { list[n].code = 0xffffffffffffffffllu;
+          list[n].read = 0xffffffff;
+          list[n].rpos = 0xffffffff;
+          n += 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+  else
+    for (m = (c * (tnum+1)) >> NSHIFT; i < m; i++)
+      { c = p = 0;
+        for (x = 1; x < Kmer; x++)
+          c = (c << 2) | s[p++];
+        while ((x = s[p]) != 4)
+          { c = ((c << 2) | x) & Kmask;
+            list[n].read = i;
+            list[n].rpos = p++;
+            list[n].code = c;
+            n += 1;
+            kptr[c & BMASK] += 1;
+          }
+        s += (p+1);
+      }
+
+  return (NULL);
+}
+
+static void *biased_tuple_thread(void *arg)
+{ Tuple_Arg  *data  = (Tuple_Arg *) arg;
+  int         tnum  = data->tnum;
+  int64      *kptr  = data->kptr;
+  KmerPos    *list  = TA_list;
+  int         n, i, m;
+  int         x, a, k, p;
+  uint64      d, c;
+  char       *s, *t;
+
+  c  = TA_block->nreads;
+  i  = (c * tnum) >> NSHIFT;
+  n  = TA_block->reads[i].boff;
+  s  = ((char *) (TA_block->bases)) + n;
+  n -= Kmer*i;
+
+  if (TA_track != NULL)
+    { HITS_READ *reads = TA_block->reads;
+      int64     *anno1 = ((int64 *) (TA_track->anno)) + 1;
+      int       *point = (int *) (TA_track->data);
+      int64      j, b, f; 
+      int        q;
+
+      f = anno1[i-1];
+      for (m = (c * (tnum+1)) >> NSHIFT; i < m; i++)
+        { b = f;
+          f = anno1[i];
+          t = s+1;
+          q = reads[i].rlen;
+          for (j = b; j <= f; j += 2)
+            { if (j == b)
+                p = 0;
+              else
+                p = point[j-1];
+              if (j == f)
+                q = reads[i].rlen;
+              else
+                q = point[j];
+              if (p+Kmer <= q)
+                { c = 0;
+                  a = 0;
+                  k = 1;
+                  while (p < q)
+                    { x = s[p];
+                      a += LogBase[x];
+                      c  = ((c << 2) | x);
+                      while (a < LogNorm && k < Kmer)
+                        { if (++p >= q)
+                            break;
+                          k += 1;
+                          x  = s[p];
+                          a += LogBase[x];
+                          c  = ((c << 2) | x);
+                        }
+                      while (1)
+	                { int u = a-LogBase[(int) t[p-k]];
+                          if (u < LogNorm) break;
+                          a  = u;
+                          k -= 1;
+                        }
+                      if (a > LogThresh)
+                        { d = ((c << NormShift[k]) & Kmask);
+                          list[n].read = i;
+                          list[n].rpos = p;
+                          list[n].code = d;
+                          n += 1;
+                          kptr[d & BMASK] += 1;
+                        }
+                      p += 1;
+                      a -= LogBase[(int) s[p-k]];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+          s += (q+1);
+	}
+    }
+
+  else
+    for (m = (c * (tnum+1)) >> NSHIFT; i < m; i++)
+      { t = s+1;
+        c = 0;
+        p = a = 0;
+        k = 1;
+        while ((x = s[p]) != 4)
+          { a += LogBase[x];
+            c  = ((c << 2) | x);
+            while (a < LogNorm && k < Kmer)
+              { if ((x = s[++p]) == 4)
+                  goto eoread2;
+                k += 1;
+                a += LogBase[x];
+                c  = ((c << 2) | x);
+              }
+            while (1)
+	      { int u = a-LogBase[(int) t[p-k]];
+                if (u < LogNorm) break;
+                a  = u;
+                k -= 1;
+              }
+            if (a > LogThresh)
+              { d = ((c << NormShift[k]) & Kmask);
+                list[n].read = i;
+                list[n].rpos = p;
+                list[n].code = d;
+                n += 1;
+                kptr[d & BMASK] += 1;
+              }
+            p += 1;
+            a -= LogBase[(int) s[p-k]];
+          }
+      eoread2:
+        s += (p+1);
+      }
+
+  m = TA_block->reads[m].boff - Kmer*m;
+  kptr[BMASK] += (data->fill = m-n);
+  while (n < m)
+    { list[n].code = 0xffffffffffffffffllu;
+      list[n].read = 0xffffffff;
+      list[n].rpos = 0xffffffff;
+      n += 1;
+    }
+
+  return (NULL);
+}
+
+static KmerPos *FR_src;
+static KmerPos *FR_trg;
+
+typedef struct
+  { int  beg;
+    int  end;
+    int  kept;
+  } Comp_Arg;
+
+static void *compsize_thread(void *arg)
+{ Comp_Arg   *data  = (Comp_Arg *) arg;
+  int         end   = data->end;
+  KmerPos    *src   = FR_src;
+  int         n, i, c, p;
+  uint64      h, g;
+
+  i = data->beg;
+  h = src[i].code;
+  n = 0;
+  while (i < end)
+    { p = i++;
+      while ((g = src[i].code) == h)
+        i += 1;
+      if ((c = (i-p)) < TooFrequent)
+        n += c;
+      h = g;
+    }
+
+  data->kept = n;
+  return (NULL);
+}
+
+static void *compress_thread(void *arg)
+{ Comp_Arg   *data  = (Comp_Arg *) arg;
+  int         end   = data->end;
+  KmerPos    *src   = FR_src;
+  KmerPos    *trg   = FR_trg;
+  int         n, i, p;
+  uint64      h, g;
+
+  i = data->beg;
+  h = src[i].code;
+  n = data->kept;
+  while (i < end)
+    { p = i++;
+      while ((g = src[i].code) == h)
+        i += 1;
+      if (i-p < TooFrequent)
+        { while (p < i)
+            trg[n++] = src[p++];
+        }
+      h = g;
+    }
+
+  return (NULL);
+}
+
+static KmerPos *sort_kmers(HITS_DB *block, int *len)
+{ THREAD    threads[NTHREADS];
+  Tuple_Arg parmt[NTHREADS];
+  Comp_Arg  parmf[NTHREADS];
+  Lex_Arg   parmx[NTHREADS];
+  int       mersort[16];
+
+  KmerPos  *src, *trg, *rez;
+  int       kmers, nreads;
+  int       i, j, x, z;
+  uint64    h;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+    mersort[i] = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < Kshift; i += 8)
+    mersort[i>>3] = 1;
+
+  if (NormShift == NULL && BIASED)
+    { double scale;
+
+      NormShift = (int *) Malloc(sizeof(int)*(Kmer+1),"Allocating sort_kmers bias shift");
+      if (NormShift == NULL)
+        exit (1);
+      for (i = 0; i <= Kmer; i++)
+        NormShift[i] = Kshift - 2*i;
+      LogNorm = 10000 * Kmer;
+      LogThresh = 10000 * (Kmer-MAX_BIAS);
+
+      scale = -10000. / log(4.);
+      for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+        LogBase[i] = (int) ceil( scale * log(block->freq[i]) );
+    }
+
+  nreads = block->nreads;
+  kmers  = block->reads[nreads].boff - Kmer * nreads;
+
+  if (kmers <= 0)
+    goto no_mers;
+
+  if (( (Kshift-1)/BSHIFT + (TooFrequent < INT32_MAX) ) & 0x1)
+    { trg = (KmerPos *) Malloc(sizeof(KmerPos)*(kmers+1),"Allocating sort_kmers vectors");
+      src = (KmerPos *) Malloc(sizeof(KmerPos)*(kmers+1),"Allocating sort_kmers vectors");
+    }
+  else
+    { src = (KmerPos *) Malloc(sizeof(KmerPos)*(kmers+1),"Allocating sort_kmers vectors");
+      trg = (KmerPos *) Malloc(sizeof(KmerPos)*(kmers+1),"Allocating sort_kmers vectors");
+    }
+  if (src == NULL || trg == NULL)
+    exit (1);
+
+  if (VERBOSE)
+    { printf("\n   Kmer count = ");
+      Print_Number((int64) kmers,0,stdout);
+      printf("\n   Using %.2fGb of space\n",(1. * kmers) / 33554432);
+      fflush(stdout);
+    }
+
+  TA_block = block;
+  TA_list  = src;
+  TA_track = block->tracks;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+    { parmt[i].tnum = i;
+      parmt[i].kptr = parmx[i].tptr;
+      for (j = 0; j < BPOWR; j++)
+        parmt[i].kptr[j] = 0;
+    }
+
+  if (BIASED)
+    for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+      pthread_create(threads+i,NULL,biased_tuple_thread,parmt+i);
+  else
+    for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+      pthread_create(threads+i,NULL,tuple_thread,parmt+i);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+    pthread_join(threads[i],NULL);
+
+  x = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+    { parmx[i].beg = x;
+      j = (int) ((((int64) nreads) * (i+1)) >> NSHIFT);
+      parmx[i].end = x = block->reads[j].boff - j*Kmer;
+    }
+
+  rez = (KmerPos *) lex_sort(mersort,(Double *) src,(Double *) trg,parmx);
+  if (BIASED || TA_track != NULL)
+    for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+      kmers -= parmt[i].fill;
+  rez[kmers].code = Kpowr;
+
+  if (TooFrequent < INT32_MAX && kmers > 0)
+    { parmf[0].beg = 0;
+      for (i = 1; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+        { x = (((int64) i)*kmers) >> NSHIFT;
+          h = rez[x-1].code;
+          while (rez[x].code == h)
+            x += 1;
+          parmf[i-1].end = parmf[i].beg = x;
+        }
+      parmf[NTHREADS-1].end = kmers;
+
+      if (src == rez)
+        { FR_src = src;
+          FR_trg = rez = trg;
+        }
+      else
+        { FR_src = trg;
+          FR_trg = rez = src;
+        }
+
+      for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+        pthread_create(threads+i,NULL,compsize_thread,parmf+i);
+
+      for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+        pthread_join(threads[i],NULL);
+
+      x = 0;
+      for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+        { z = parmf[i].kept;
+          parmf[i].kept = x;
+          x += z;
+        }
+      kmers = x;
+
+      for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+        pthread_create(threads+i,NULL,compress_thread,parmf+i);
+
+      for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+        pthread_join(threads[i],NULL);
+
+      rez[kmers].code = Kpowr;
+    }
+    
+  if (src != rez)
+    free(src);
+  else
+    free(trg);
+
+#ifdef TEST_KSORT
+  { int i;
+
+    printf("\nKMER SORT:\n");
+    for (i = 0; i < HOW_MANY && i < kmers; i++)
+      { KmerPos *c = rez+i;
+        printf(" %5d / %5d / %10lld\n",c->read,c->rpos,c->code);
+      }
+    fflush(stdout);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  if (VERBOSE)
+    { if (TooFrequent < INT32_MAX)
+        { printf("   Revised kmer count = ");
+          Print_Number((int64) kmers,0,stdout);
+          printf("\n");
+        }
+      printf("   Index occupies %.2fGb\n",(1. * kmers) / 67108864);
+      fflush(stdout);
+    }
+
+  if (kmers <= 0)
+    { free(rez);
+      goto no_mers;
+    }
+
+  if (MEM_LIMIT > 0 && kmers > (int64) (MEM_LIMIT/(4*sizeof(KmerPos))))
+    { fprintf(stderr,"Warning: Block size too big, index occupies more than 1/4 of");
+      if (MEM_LIMIT == MEM_PHYSICAL)
+        fprintf(stderr," physical memory\n");
+      else
+        fprintf(stderr," desired memory allocation\n");
+      fflush(stderr);
+    }
+
+  *len = kmers;
+  return (rez);
+
+no_mers:
+  *len = 0;
+  return (NULL);
+}
+
+void Build_Table(HITS_DB *block)
+{ if (Asort == NULL)
+    Asort = sort_kmers(block,&Alen);
+  else
+    Csort = sort_kmers(block,&Clen);
+}
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  FILTER MATCH
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+static int find_tuple(uint64 x, KmerPos *a, int n)
+{ int l, r, m;
+
+  // smallest k s.t. a[k].code >= x (or n if does not exist)
+
+  l = 0;
+  r = n;
+  while (l < r)
+    { m = ((l+r) >> 1);
+      if (a[m].code < x)
+        l = m+1;
+      else
+        r = m;
+    }
+  return (l);
+}
+
+static KmerPos  *MG_alist;
+static KmerPos  *MG_blist;
+static SeedPair *MG_hits;
+static int       MG_self;
+
+typedef struct
+  { int    abeg, aend;
+    int    bbeg, bend;
+    int64 *kptr;
+    int64  nhits;
+    int    limit;
+    int64  hitgram[MAXGRAM];
+  } Merge_Arg;
+
+static void *count_thread(void *arg)
+{ Merge_Arg  *data  = (Merge_Arg *) arg;
+  KmerPos    *asort = MG_alist;
+  KmerPos    *bsort = MG_blist;
+  int64      *gram  = data->hitgram;
+  int64       nhits = 0;
+  int         aend  = data->aend;
+
+  int64  ct;
+  int    ia, ib;
+  int    jb, ja;
+  uint64 ca, cb;
+  uint64 da, db;
+  int    ar;
+
+  ia = data->abeg;
+  ca = asort[ia].code;
+  ib = data->bbeg;
+  cb = bsort[ib].code;
+  if (MG_self)
+    { while (1)
+        { while (cb < ca)
+            cb = bsort[++ib].code;
+          while (cb > ca)
+            ca = asort[++ia].code;
+          if (cb == ca)
+            { if (ia >= aend) break;
+
+              ct = 0;
+              jb = ib;
+              db = cb;
+              if (IDENTITY)
+                do
+                  { ar = asort[ia].read;
+                    while (db == cb && bsort[ib].read < ar)
+                      db = bsort[++ib].code;
+                    while (db == cb && bsort[ib].read == ar && bsort[ib].rpos < asort[ia].rpos)
+                      db = bsort[++ib].code;
+                    ct += (ib-jb);
+                  }
+                while ((da = asort[++ia].code) == ca);
+              else
+                do
+                  { ar = asort[ia].read;
+                    while (db == cb && bsort[ib].read < ar)
+                      db = bsort[++ib].code;
+                    ct += (ib-jb);
+                  }
+              while ((da = asort[++ia].code) == ca);
+              while (db == cb)
+                db = bsort[++ib].code;
+
+              nhits += ct;
+              ca = da;
+              cb = db;
+
+              if (ct < MAXGRAM)
+                gram[ct] += 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+  else
+    { while (1)
+        { while (cb < ca)
+            cb = bsort[++ib].code;
+          while (cb > ca)
+            ca = asort[++ia].code;
+          if (cb == ca)
+            { if (ia >= aend) break;
+
+              ja = ia++;
+              while ((da = asort[ia].code) == ca)
+                ia += 1;
+              jb = ib++;
+              while ((db = bsort[ib].code) == cb)
+                ib += 1;
+
+              ct  = (ia-ja);
+              ct *= (ib-jb);
+
+              nhits += ct;
+              ca = da;
+              cb = db;
+
+              if (ct < MAXGRAM)
+                gram[ct] += 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+  data->nhits = nhits;
+
+  return (NULL);
+}
+
+static void *merge_thread(void *arg)
+{ Merge_Arg  *data  = (Merge_Arg *) arg;
+  int64      *kptr  = data->kptr;
+  KmerPos    *asort = MG_alist;
+  KmerPos    *bsort = MG_blist;
+  SeedPair   *hits  = MG_hits;
+  int64       nhits = data->nhits;
+  int         aend  = data->aend;
+  int         limit = data->limit;
+
+  int64  ct;
+  int    ia, ib;
+  int    jb, ja;
+  uint64 ca, cb;
+  uint64 da, db;
+  int    ar, ap;
+  int    a, b;
+
+  ia = data->abeg;
+  ca = asort[ia].code;
+  ib = data->bbeg;
+  cb = bsort[ib].code;
+  if (MG_self)
+    { while (1)
+        { while (cb < ca)
+            cb = bsort[++ib].code;
+          while (cb > ca)
+            ca = asort[++ia].code;
+          if (cb == ca)
+            { if (ia >= aend) break;
+
+              ct = 0;
+              ja = ia;
+              jb = ib;
+              db = cb;
+              if (IDENTITY)
+                do
+                  { ar = asort[ia].read;
+                    ap = asort[ia].rpos;
+                    while (db == cb && bsort[ib].read < ar)
+                      db = bsort[++ib].code;
+                    while (db == cb && bsort[ib].read == ar && bsort[ib].rpos < ap)
+                      db = bsort[++ib].code;
+                    ct += (ib-jb);
+                  }
+                while ((da = asort[++ia].code) == ca);
+              else
+                do
+                  { ar = asort[ia].read;
+                    while (db == cb && bsort[ib].read < ar)
+                      db = bsort[++ib].code;
+                    ct += (ib-jb);
+                  }
+                while ((da = asort[++ia].code) == ca);
+              while (db == cb)
+                db = bsort[++ib].code;
+
+              if (ct < limit)
+                { ib = jb;
+                  db = cb;
+                  if (IDENTITY)
+                    for (a = ja; a < ia; a++)
+                      { ap = asort[a].rpos;
+                        ar = asort[a].read;
+                        while (db == cb && bsort[ib].read < ar)
+                          db = bsort[++ib].code;
+                        while (db == cb && bsort[ib].read == ar && bsort[ib].rpos < ap)
+                          db = bsort[++ib].code;
+                        if ((ct = ib-jb) > 0)
+                          { kptr[ap & BMASK] += ct;
+                            for (b = jb; b < ib; b++)
+                              { hits[nhits].bread = bsort[b].read;
+                                hits[nhits].aread = ar;
+                                hits[nhits].apos  = ap; 
+                                hits[nhits].diag  = ap - bsort[b].rpos;
+                                nhits += 1;
+                              }
+                          }
+                      }
+                  else
+                    for (a = ja; a < ia; a++)
+                      { ap = asort[a].rpos;
+                        ar = asort[a].read;
+                        while (db == cb && bsort[ib].read < ar)
+                          db = bsort[++ib].code;
+                        if ((ct = ib-jb) > 0)
+                          { kptr[ap & BMASK] += ct;
+                            for (b = jb; b < ib; b++)
+                              { hits[nhits].bread = bsort[b].read;
+                                hits[nhits].aread = ar;
+                                hits[nhits].apos  = ap; 
+                                hits[nhits].diag  = ap - bsort[b].rpos;
+                                nhits += 1;
+                              }
+                          }
+                      }
+                  while (db == cb)
+                    db = bsort[++ib].code;
+                }
+              ca = da;
+              cb = db;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+  else
+    { while (1)
+        { while (cb < ca)
+            cb = bsort[++ib].code;
+          while (cb > ca)
+            ca = asort[++ia].code;
+          if (cb == ca)
+            { if (ia >= aend) break;
+              ja = ia++;
+              while ((da = asort[ia].code) == ca)
+                ia += 1;
+              jb = ib++;
+              while ((db = bsort[ib].code) == cb)
+                ib += 1;
+              ct = ib-jb;
+              if ((ia-ja)*ct < limit)
+                { for (a = ja; a < ia; a++)
+                    { ap = asort[a].rpos;
+                      kptr[ap & BMASK] += ct;
+                      for (b = jb; b < ib; b++)
+                        { hits[nhits].bread = bsort[b].read;
+                          hits[nhits].aread = asort[a].read;
+                          hits[nhits].apos  = ap;
+                          hits[nhits].diag  = ap - bsort[b].rpos;
+                          nhits += 1;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+              ca = da;
+              cb = db;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+  return (NULL);
+}
+
+
+void Diagonal_Span(Path *path, int tspace, int *mind, int *maxd)
+{ uint16 *points;
+  int     i, tlen;
+  int     dd, low, hgh;
+
+  points = (uint16 *) path->trace;
+  tlen   = path->tlen;
+
+  dd = path->bbpos - path->abpos;
+  low = hgh = dd;
+
+  dd = path->bepos - path->aepos;
+  if (dd < low)
+    low = dd;
+  else if (dd > hgh)
+    hgh = dd;
+
+  dd = path->bbpos - (path->abpos/tspace)*tspace;
+  tlen -= 2;
+  for (i = 1; i < tlen; i += 2)
+    { dd += points[i]-tspace;
+      if (dd < low)
+        low = dd;
+      else if (dd > hgh)
+        hgh = dd;
+    }
+
+  *mind = (low >> Binshift)-1;
+  *maxd = (hgh >> Binshift)+1;
+}
+
+static HITS_DB  *MR_ablock;
+static HITS_DB  *MR_bblock;
+static SeedPair *MR_hits;
+static int       MR_comp;
+static int       MR_two;
+
+typedef struct
+  { int64       beg, end;
+    int        *score;
+    int        *lastp;
+    int        *lasta;
+    Work_Data  *work;
+    Align_Spec *aspec;
+    FILE       *ofile1;
+    FILE       *ofile2;
+    int64       nfilt;
+    int64       ncheck;
+  } Report_Arg;
+
+static void *report_thread(void *arg)
+{ Report_Arg  *data   = (Report_Arg *) arg;
+  SeedPair    *hits   = MR_hits;
+  Double      *hitd   = (Double *) MR_hits;
+  char        *aseq   = (char *) (MR_ablock->bases);
+  char        *bseq   = (char *) (MR_bblock->bases);
+  HITS_READ   *aread  = MR_ablock->reads;
+  HITS_READ   *bread  = MR_bblock->reads;
+  int         *score  = data->score;
+  int         *scorp  = data->score + 1;
+  int         *scorm  = data->score - 1;
+  int         *lastp  = data->lastp;
+  int         *lasta  = data->lasta;
+  Work_Data   *work   = data->work;
+  Align_Spec  *aspec  = data->aspec;
+  FILE        *ofile1 = data->ofile1;
+  FILE        *ofile2 = data->ofile2;
+  int          afirst = MR_ablock->tfirst;
+  int          bfirst = MR_bblock->tfirst;
+  int          maxdiag = ( MR_ablock->maxlen >> Binshift);
+  int          mindiag = (-MR_bblock->maxlen >> Binshift);
+
+  Overlap     _ovla, *ovla = &_ovla;
+  Overlap     _ovlb, *ovlb = &_ovlb;
+  Alignment   _align, *align = &_align;
+  Path        *apath;
+  Path        *bpath = &(ovlb->path);
+  int64        nfilt = 0;
+  int64        ahits = 0;
+  int64        bhits = 0;
+  int          tspace, small, tbytes;
+
+  Double *hitc;
+  int     minhit;
+  uint64  cpair, npair;
+  int64   nidx, eidx;
+
+  //  In ovl and align roles of A and B are reversed, as the B sequence must be the
+  //    complemented sequence !!
+
+  align->flags = ovla->flags = ovlb->flags = MR_comp;
+  align->path = bpath;
+
+  tspace = Trace_Spacing(aspec);
+  if (tspace <= TRACE_XOVR)
+    { small  = 1;
+      tbytes = sizeof(uint8);
+    }
+  else
+    { small  = 0;
+      tbytes = sizeof(uint16);
+    }
+
+  fwrite(&ahits,sizeof(int64),1,ofile1);
+  fwrite(&tspace,sizeof(int),1,ofile1);
+  if (MR_two)
+    { fwrite(&bhits,sizeof(int64),1,ofile2);
+      fwrite(&tspace,sizeof(int),1,ofile2);
+    }
+
+  minhit = (Hitmin-1)/Kmer + 1;
+  hitc   = hitd + (minhit-1);
+  eidx   = data->end - minhit;
+  nidx   = data->beg;
+  for (cpair = hitd[nidx].p2; nidx < eidx; cpair = npair)
+    if (hitc[nidx].p2 != cpair)
+      { nidx += 1;
+        while ((npair = hitd[nidx].p2) == cpair)
+          nidx += 1;
+      }
+    else
+      { int   ar, br;
+        int   alen, blen;
+        int   setaln, amark, amark2;
+        int   apos, bpos, diag;
+        int64 lidx, sidx;
+        int64 f, h2;
+
+        ar = hits[nidx].aread;
+        br = hits[nidx].bread;
+        alen = aread[ar].rlen;
+        blen = bread[br].rlen;
+        if (alen < HGAP_MIN && blen < HGAP_MIN)
+          { nidx += 1;
+            while ((npair = hitd[nidx].p2) == cpair)
+              nidx += 1;
+            continue;
+          }
+
+#ifdef TEST_GATHER
+        printf("%5d vs %5d : %5d x %5d\n",br+bfirst,ar+afirst,blen,alen);
+#endif
+        setaln = 1;
+        amark2 = 0;
+        for (sidx = nidx; hitd[nidx].p2 == cpair; nidx = h2)
+          { amark  = amark2 + PANEL_SIZE;
+            amark2 = amark  - PANEL_OVERLAP;
+
+            h2 = lidx = nidx;
+            do
+              { apos  = hits[nidx].apos;
+                npair = hitd[++nidx].p2;
+                if (apos <= amark2)
+                  h2 = nidx;
+              }
+            while (npair == cpair && apos <= amark);
+
+            if (nidx-lidx < minhit) continue;
+
+            for (f = lidx; f < nidx; f++)
+              { apos = hits[f].apos;
+                diag = hits[f].diag >> Binshift;
+                if (apos - lastp[diag] >= Kmer)
+                  score[diag] += Kmer;
+                else
+                  score[diag] += apos - lastp[diag];
+                lastp[diag] = apos;
+              }
+
+#ifdef TEST_GATHER
+            printf("  %6lld upto %6d",nidx-lidx,amark);
+#endif
+
+            for (f = lidx; f < nidx; f++)
+              { apos = hits[f].apos;
+                diag = hits[f].diag;
+                bpos = apos - diag;
+                diag = diag >> Binshift;
+                if (apos > lasta[diag] &&
+                     (score[diag] + scorp[diag] >= Hitmin || score[diag] + scorm[diag] >= Hitmin))
+                  { if (setaln)
+                      { setaln = 0;
+                        align->bseq = aseq + aread[ar].boff;
+                        align->aseq = bseq + bread[br].boff;
+                        align->blen = alen;
+                        align->alen = blen;
+                        ovlb->bread = ovla->aread = ar + afirst;
+                        ovlb->aread = ovla->bread = br + bfirst;
+                      }
+#ifdef TEST_GATHER
+                    else
+                      printf("\n                    ");
+
+                    if (scorm[diag] > scorp[diag])
+                      printf("  %5d.. x %5d.. %5d (%3d)",
+                             bpos,apos,apos-bpos,score[diag]+scorm[diag]);
+                    else
+                      printf("  %5d.. x %5d.. %5d (%3d)",
+                             bpos,apos,apos-bpos,score[diag]+scorp[diag]);
+#endif
+                    nfilt += 1;
+
+                    apath = Local_Alignment(align,work,aspec,bpos-apos,bpos-apos,bpos+apos,-1,-1);
+
+                    { int low, hgh, be;
+
+                      Diagonal_Span(bpath,tspace,&low,&hgh);
+                      if (diag < low)
+                        low = diag;
+                      else if (diag > hgh)
+                        hgh = diag;
+                      be = bpath->bepos;
+                      for (diag = low; diag <= hgh; diag++)
+                        if (be > lasta[diag])
+                          lasta[diag] = be;
+#ifdef TEST_GATHER
+                      printf(" %d - %d @ %d",low,hgh,bpath->bepos);
+#endif
+                    }
+
+                    if ((apath->aepos-apath->abpos) + (apath->bepos-apath->bbpos) >= MINOVER)
+                      { ovla->path = *apath;
+                        if (small)
+                          { Compress_TraceTo8(ovla);
+                            Compress_TraceTo8(ovlb);
+                          }
+                        if (alen >= HGAP_MIN)
+                          { Write_Overlap(ofile1,ovla,tbytes);
+                            ahits += 1;
+                          }
+                        if (blen >= HGAP_MIN && SYMMETRIC)
+                          { Write_Overlap(ofile2,ovlb,tbytes);
+                            bhits += 1;
+                          }
+
+#ifdef TEST_GATHER
+                        printf("  [%5d,%5d] x [%5d,%5d] = %4d",
+                               bpath->abpos,bpath->aepos,bpath->bbpos,bpath->bepos,bpath->diffs);
+#endif
+#ifdef SHOW_OVERLAP
+                        printf("\n\n                    %d(%d) vs %d(%d)\n\n",
+                               ovlb->aread,ovlb->alen,ovlb->bread,ovlb->blen);
+                        Print_ACartoon(stdout,align,ALIGN_INDENT);
+#ifdef SHOW_ALIGNMENT
+                        if (small)
+                          Decompress_TraceTo16(ovlb);
+                        Compute_Trace_ALL(align,work);
+                        printf("\n                      Diff = %d\n",align->path->diffs);
+                        Print_Alignment(stdout,align,work,
+                                        ALIGN_INDENT,ALIGN_WIDTH,ALIGN_BORDER,0,5);
+#endif
+#endif // SHOW_OVERLAP
+
+                      }
+#ifdef TEST_GATHER
+                    else
+                      printf("  No alignment %d",
+                              ((apath->aepos-apath->abpos) + (apath->bepos-apath->bbpos))/2);
+#endif
+                  }
+              }
+
+            for (f = lidx; f < nidx; f++)
+              { diag = hits[f].diag >> Binshift;
+                score[diag] = lastp[diag] = 0;
+              }
+#ifdef TEST_GATHER
+            printf("\n");
+#endif
+          }
+
+        for (f = sidx; f < nidx; f++)
+          { int d;
+
+            diag = hits[f].diag >> Binshift;
+            for (d = diag; d <= maxdiag; d++)
+              if (lasta[d] == 0)
+                break;
+              else
+                lasta[d] = 0;
+            for (d = diag-1; d >= mindiag; d--)
+              if (lasta[d] == 0)
+                break;
+              else
+                lasta[d] = 0;
+          }
+      }
+
+  data->nfilt  = nfilt;
+  data->ncheck = ahits + bhits;
+
+  if (MR_two)
+    { rewind(ofile2);
+      fwrite(&bhits,sizeof(int64),1,ofile2);
+      fclose(ofile2);
+    }
+  else
+    ahits += bhits;
+
+  rewind(ofile1);
+  fwrite(&ahits,sizeof(int64),1,ofile1);
+  fclose(ofile1);
+
+  return (NULL);
+}
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  THE ALGORITHM
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+void Match_Filter(char *aname, HITS_DB *ablock, char *bname, HITS_DB *bblock,
+                  int self, int comp, Align_Spec *aspec)
+{ THREAD     threads[NTHREADS];
+  Merge_Arg  parmm[NTHREADS];
+  Lex_Arg    parmx[NTHREADS];
+  Report_Arg parmr[NTHREADS];
+  int        pairsort[16];
+
+  SeedPair *khit, *hhit;
+  SeedPair *work1, *work2;
+  int64     nhits;
+  int64     nfilt, ncheck;
+
+  KmerPos  *asort, *bsort;
+  int       alen, blen;
+
+  int64     atot, btot;
+
+  atot = ablock->totlen;
+  btot = bblock->totlen;
+
+  if (comp)
+    { asort = Csort;
+      alen  = Clen;
+    }
+  else
+    { asort = Asort;
+      alen  = Alen;
+    }
+
+  if (self)
+    { bsort = Asort;
+      blen  = Alen;
+    }
+  else
+    { if (VERBOSE)
+        printf("\nBuilding index for %s\n",bname);
+      bsort = sort_kmers(bblock,&blen);
+    }
+
+  { int64 powr;
+    int   i, nbyte;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+      pairsort[i] = 0;
+
+    powr = 1;
+    for (nbyte = 0; powr < ablock->maxlen; nbyte += 1)
+      powr <<= 8;
+    for (i = 4; i < 4+nbyte; i++)
+      pairsort[i] = 1;
+
+    powr = 1;
+    for (nbyte = 0; powr < ablock->nreads; nbyte += 1)
+      powr <<= 8;
+    for (i = 8; i < 8+nbyte; i++)
+      pairsort[i] = 1;
+
+    powr = 1;
+    for (nbyte = 0; powr < bblock->nreads; nbyte += 1)
+      powr <<= 8;
+    for (i = 12; i < 12+nbyte; i++)
+      pairsort[i] = 1;
+  }
+
+  nfilt = ncheck = nhits = 0;
+
+  if (VERBOSE)
+    { if (comp)
+        printf("\nComparing c(%s) to %s\n",aname,bname);
+      else
+        printf("\nComparing %s to %s\n",aname,bname);
+    }
+
+  if (alen == 0 || blen == 0)
+    goto zerowork;
+
+  { int    i, j, p;
+    uint64 c;
+    int    limit;
+
+    MG_alist = asort;
+    MG_blist = bsort;
+    MG_self  = self;
+
+    parmm[0].abeg = parmm[0].bbeg = 0;
+    for (i = 1; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+      { p = (int) ((((int64) alen) * i) >> NSHIFT);
+        if (p > 0)
+          { c = asort[p-1].code;
+            while (asort[p].code == c)
+              p += 1;
+          }
+        parmm[i].abeg = parmm[i-1].aend = p;
+        parmm[i].bbeg = parmm[i-1].bend = find_tuple(asort[p].code,bsort,blen);
+      }
+    parmm[NTHREADS-1].aend = alen;
+    parmm[NTHREADS-1].bend = blen;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+      for (j = 0; j < MAXGRAM; j++)
+        parmm[i].hitgram[j] = 0;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+      pthread_create(threads+i,NULL,count_thread,parmm+i);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+      pthread_join(threads[i],NULL);
+
+    if (VERBOSE)
+      printf("\n");
+    if (MEM_LIMIT > 0)
+      { int64 histo[MAXGRAM];
+        int64 tom, avail;
+
+        for (j = 0; j < MAXGRAM; j++)
+          histo[j] = parmm[0].hitgram[j];
+        for (i = 1; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+          for (j = 0; j < MAXGRAM; j++)
+            histo[j] += parmm[i].hitgram[j];
+
+        if (self || (int64) (MEM_LIMIT/sizeof(Double)) > Alen + Clen + 2*blen)
+          avail = (MEM_LIMIT/sizeof(Double) - (Alen + Clen)) / 2;
+        else
+          avail = MEM_LIMIT/sizeof(Double) - (Alen + Clen + blen);
+        avail *= .98;
+
+        tom = 0;
+        for (j = 0; j < MAXGRAM; j++)
+          { tom += j*histo[j];
+            if (tom > avail)
+              break;
+          }
+        limit = j;
+
+        if (limit == 1)
+          { fprintf(stderr,"\nError: Insufficient ");
+            if (MEM_LIMIT == MEM_PHYSICAL)
+              fprintf(stderr," physical memory, reduce block size\n");
+            else
+              fprintf(stderr," memory allocation, reduce block size or increase allocation\n");
+            fflush(stderr);
+            exit (1);
+          }
+        else if (limit < 10)
+          { fprintf(stderr,"\nWarning: Sensitivity hampered by low ");
+            if (MEM_LIMIT == MEM_PHYSICAL)
+              fprintf(stderr," physical memory, reduce block size\n");
+            else
+              fprintf(stderr," memory allocation, reduce block size or increase allocation\n");
+            fflush(stderr);
+          }
+        else
+          { if (VERBOSE)
+              { printf("   Capping mutual k-mer matches over %d (effectively -t%d)\n",
+                       limit,(int) sqrt(1.*limit));
+                fflush(stdout);
+              }
+          }
+
+        for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+          { parmm[i].nhits = 0;
+            for (j = 1; j < limit; j++)
+              parmm[i].nhits += j * parmm[i].hitgram[j];
+            parmm[i].limit = limit;
+          }
+      }
+    else
+      for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+        parmm[i].limit = INT32_MAX;
+
+    nhits = parmm[0].nhits;
+    for (i = 1; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+      parmm[i].nhits = nhits += parmm[i].nhits;
+
+    if (VERBOSE)
+      { printf("   Hit count = ");
+        Print_Number(nhits,0,stdout);
+        if (self || nhits >= blen)
+          printf("\n   Highwater of %.2fGb space\n",
+                       (1. * (Alen + Clen + 2*nhits)) / 67108864);
+        else
+          printf("\n   Highwater of %.2fGb space\n",
+                       (1. * (Alen + Clen + blen + nhits)) / 67108864);
+        fflush(stdout);
+      }
+
+    if (nhits == 0)
+      goto zerowork;
+
+    if (self)
+      hhit = work1 = (SeedPair *) Malloc(sizeof(SeedPair)*(nhits+1),
+                                         "Allocating dazzler hit vectors");
+    else
+      { if (nhits >= blen)
+          bsort = (KmerPos *) Realloc(bsort,sizeof(SeedPair)*(nhits+1),
+                                       "Reallocating dazzler sort vectors");
+        hhit  = work1 = (SeedPair *) bsort;
+      }
+    khit = work2 = (SeedPair *) Malloc(sizeof(SeedPair)*(nhits+1),"Allocating dazzler hit vectors");
+    if (hhit == NULL || khit == NULL || bsort == NULL)
+      exit (1);
+
+    MG_blist = bsort;
+    MG_hits  = khit;
+
+    for (i = NTHREADS-1; i > 0; i--)
+      parmm[i].nhits = parmm[i-1].nhits;
+    parmm[0].nhits = 0;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+      { parmm[i].kptr = parmx[i].tptr;
+        for (p = 0; p < BPOWR; p++)
+          parmm[i].kptr[p] = 0;
+      }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+      pthread_create(threads+i,NULL,merge_thread,parmm+i);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+      pthread_join(threads[i],NULL);
+
+#ifdef TEST_PAIRS
+    printf("\nSETUP SORT:\n");
+    for (i = 0; i < HOW_MANY && i < nhits; i++)
+      { SeedPair *c = khit+i;
+        printf(" %5d / %5d / %5d /%5d\n",c->aread,c->bread,c->apos,c->bpos);
+      }
+#endif
+  }
+
+  { int   i;
+    int64 x;
+
+    x = 0;
+    for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS-1; i++)
+      { parmx[i].beg = x;
+        parmx[i].end = x = parmm[i+1].nhits;
+      }
+    parmx[NTHREADS-1].beg = x;
+    parmx[NTHREADS-1].end = nhits;
+
+    khit = (SeedPair *) lex_sort(pairsort,(Double *) khit,(Double *) hhit,parmx);
+
+    khit[nhits].aread = 0x7fffffff;
+    khit[nhits].bread = 0x7fffffff;
+    khit[nhits].diag  = 0x7fffffff;
+    khit[nhits].apos  = 0;
+
+#ifdef TEST_CSORT
+    printf("\nCROSS SORT %lld:\n",nhits);
+    for (i = 0; i < HOW_MANY && i <= nhits; i++)
+      { SeedPair *c = khit+i;
+        printf(" %5d / %5d / %5d /%5d\n",c->aread,c->bread,c->apos,c->bpos);
+      }
+#endif
+  }
+
+  { int    i, w;
+    int64  p;
+    int    d;
+    int   *counters;
+
+    MR_ablock = ablock;
+    MR_bblock = bblock;
+    MR_hits   = khit;
+    MR_comp   = comp;
+    MR_two    = ! self && SYMMETRIC;
+
+    parmr[0].beg = 0;
+    for (i = 1; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+      { p = (nhits * i) >> NSHIFT;
+        if (p > 0)
+          { d = khit[p-1].bread;
+            while ((khit[p].bread) == d)
+              p += 1;
+          }
+        parmr[i].beg = parmr[i-1].end = p;
+      }
+    parmr[NTHREADS-1].end = nhits;
+
+    w = ((ablock->maxlen >> Binshift) - ((-bblock->maxlen) >> Binshift)) + 1;
+    counters = (int *) Malloc(NTHREADS*3*w*sizeof(int),"Allocating diagonal buckets");
+    if (counters == NULL)
+      exit (1);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < 3*w*NTHREADS; i++)
+      counters[i] = 0;
+    for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+      { if (i == 0)
+          parmr[i].score = counters - ((-bblock->maxlen) >> Binshift);
+        else
+          parmr[i].score = parmr[i-1].lasta + w;
+        parmr[i].lastp = parmr[i].score + w;
+        parmr[i].lasta = parmr[i].lastp + w;
+        parmr[i].work  = New_Work_Data();
+        parmr[i].aspec = aspec;
+
+        parmr[i].ofile1 =
+             Fopen(Catenate(aname,".",bname,Numbered_Suffix((comp?".C":".N"),i,".las")),"w");
+        if (parmr[i].ofile1 == NULL)
+          exit (1);
+        if (self)
+          parmr[i].ofile2 = parmr[i].ofile1;
+        else if (SYMMETRIC)
+          { parmr[i].ofile2 = 
+                Fopen(Catenate(bname,".",aname,Numbered_Suffix((comp?".C":".N"),i,".las")),"w");
+            if (parmr[i].ofile2 == NULL)
+              exit (1);
+          }
+      }
+
+#ifdef NOTHREAD
+
+    for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+      report_thread(parmr+i);
+
+#else
+
+    for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+      pthread_create(threads+i,NULL,report_thread,parmr+i);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+      pthread_join(threads[i],NULL);
+
+#endif
+
+    if (VERBOSE)
+      for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+        { nfilt  += parmr[i].nfilt;
+          ncheck += parmr[i].ncheck;
+        }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+      Free_Work_Data(parmr[i].work);
+    free(counters);
+  }
+
+  free(work2);
+  free(work1);
+  goto epilogue;
+
+zerowork:
+  { FILE *ofile;
+    int   i, tspace;
+
+    nhits  = 0;
+    tspace = Trace_Spacing(aspec);
+    for (i = 0; i < NTHREADS; i++)
+      { ofile = Fopen(Catenate(aname,".",bname,Numbered_Suffix((comp?".C":".N"),i,".las")),"w");
+        fwrite(&nhits,sizeof(int64),1,ofile);
+        fwrite(&tspace,sizeof(int),1,ofile);
+        fclose(ofile);
+        if (! self)
+          { ofile = Fopen(Catenate(bname,".",aname,Numbered_Suffix((comp?".C":".N"),i,".las")),"w");
+            fwrite(&nhits,sizeof(int64),1,ofile);
+            fwrite(&tspace,sizeof(int),1,ofile);
+            fclose(ofile);
+          }
+      }
+  }
+
+epilogue:
+
+  if (VERBOSE)
+    { int width;
+
+      if (nhits <= 0)
+        width = 1;
+      else
+        width = ((int) log10((double) nhits)) + 1;
+      width += (width-1)/3;
+
+      printf("\n     ");
+      Print_Number(nhits,width,stdout);
+      printf(" %d-mers (%e of matrix)\n     ",Kmer,(1.*nhits/atot)/btot);
+      Print_Number(nfilt,width,stdout);
+      printf(" seed hits (%e of matrix)\n     ",(1.*nfilt/atot)/btot);
+      Print_Number(ncheck,width,stdout);
+      printf(" confirmed hits (%e of matrix)\n",(1.*ncheck/atot)/btot);
+      fflush(stdout);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/filter.h b/filter.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..edfbee5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/filter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/************************************************************************************\
+*                                                                                    *
+* Copyright (c) 2014, Dr. Eugene W. Myers (EWM). All rights reserved.                *
+*                                                                                    *
+* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,   *
+* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this     *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.                                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this  *
+*    list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or     *
+*    other materials provided with the distribution.                                 *
+*                                                                                    *
+*  · The name of EWM may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from     *
+*    this software without specific prior written permission.                        *
+*                                                                                    *
+* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY EWM ”AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,    *
+* INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND       *
+* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL EWM BE LIABLE   *
+* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES *
+* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS  *
+* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY      *
+* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING     *
+* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN  *
+* IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+* For any issues regarding this software and its use, contact EWM at:                *
+*                                                                                    *
+*   Eugene W. Myers Jr.                                                              *
+*   Bautzner Str. 122e                                                               *
+*   01099 Dresden                                                                    *
+*   GERMANY                                                                          *
+*   Email: gene.myers at gmail.com                                                      *
+*                                                                                    *
+\************************************************************************************/
+
+/*******************************************************************************************
+ *
+ *  Filter interface for the dazzler.
+ *
+ *  Author:  Gene Myers
+ *  Date  :  July 2013
+ *
+ ********************************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef _FILTER
+
+#define _FILTER
+
+#include "DB.h"
+#include "align.h"
+
+extern int    BIASED;
+extern int    VERBOSE;
+extern int    MINOVER;
+extern int    HGAP_MIN;
+extern int    SYMMETRIC;
+extern int    IDENTITY;
+
+extern uint64 MEM_LIMIT;
+extern uint64 MEM_PHYSICAL;
+
+#define NTHREADS  4    //  Must be a power of 2
+#define NSHIFT    2    //  log_2 NTHREADS
+
+int Set_Filter_Params(int kmer, int binshift, int suppress, int hitmin); 
+
+void Build_Table(HITS_DB *block);
+
+void Match_Filter(char *aname, HITS_DB *ablock, char *bname, HITS_DB *bblock,
+                  int self, int comp, Align_Spec *asettings);
+
+#endif

-- 
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