[Debian-med-packaging] Bug#1009611: libargs FTBFS with glibc >= 2.34 (Catch2)

Steve Langasek steve.langasek at canonical.com
Tue Apr 12 21:01:55 BST 2022


Package: libargs
Version: 6.2.6-1
Severity: serious
Tags: patch experimental
Justification: FTBFS
User: ubuntu-devel at lists.ubuntu.com
Usertags: origin-ubuntu jammy ubuntu-patch

Hi Andreas,

libargs fails to build from source against glibc 2.34 or later because
SIGSTKSZ is no longer a compile-time constant:

[...]
make[1]: Entering directory '/<<PKGBUILDDIR>>'
g++ test.cxx -o test.o -g -O2 -ffile-prefix-map=/<<PKGBUILDDIR>>=. -flto=auto -ffat-lto-objects -flto=auto -ffat-lto-objects -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -I. -std=c++11 -O0 -c -MMD -Wall -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Werror -pedantic
In file included from /usr/include/signal.h:328,
                 from catch.hpp:6456,
                 from test.cxx:19:
catch.hpp:6631:45: error: size of array ‘altStackMem’ is not an integral constant-expression
 6631 |     char FatalConditionHandler::altStackMem[SIGSTKSZ] = {};
      |                                             ^~~~~~~~
make[1]: *** [Makefile:61: test.o] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory '/<<PKGBUILDDIR>>'
[...]

  (https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/libargs/6.2.6-1/+build/22297177)

glibc 2.34 is currently only in experimental in Debian, but this package
will need fixed to be buildable once it reaches unstable.

I've applied the attached patch in Ubuntu to fix this build failure, which
simply consists of vendorizing a new version of the Catch2 header that
includes the upstream fix for this problem.

Thanks for considering,
-- 
Steve Langasek                   Give me a lever long enough and a Free OS
Debian Developer                   to set it on, and I can move the world.
Ubuntu Developer                                   https://www.debian.org/
slangasek at ubuntu.com                                     vorlon at debian.org
-------------- next part --------------
diff -Nru libargs-6.2.6/debian/patches/series libargs-6.2.6/debian/patches/series
--- libargs-6.2.6/debian/patches/series	2021-08-29 08:29:05.000000000 -0700
+++ libargs-6.2.6/debian/patches/series	2022-04-12 12:55:43.000000000 -0700
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 fix_makefile.patch
+update-catch2.patch
diff -Nru libargs-6.2.6/debian/patches/update-catch2.patch libargs-6.2.6/debian/patches/update-catch2.patch
--- libargs-6.2.6/debian/patches/update-catch2.patch	1969-12-31 16:00:00.000000000 -0800
+++ libargs-6.2.6/debian/patches/update-catch2.patch	2022-04-12 12:57:20.000000000 -0700
@@ -0,0 +1,17417 @@
+Description: import catch2 version 2.13.8 to fix build failure with glibc 2.34
+Author: Steve Langasek <steve.langasek at ubuntu.com>
+Last-Update: 2022-04-12
+Forwarded: no
+
+Index: libargs-6.2.6/catch.hpp
+===================================================================
+--- libargs-6.2.6.orig/catch.hpp
++++ libargs-6.2.6/catch.hpp
+@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
+ /*
+- *  Catch v2.0.1
+- *  Generated: 2017-11-03 11:53:39.642003
++ *  Catch v2.13.8
++ *  Generated: 2022-01-03 21:20:09.589503
+  *  ----------------------------------------------------------
+  *  This file has been merged from multiple headers. Please don't edit it directly
+- *  Copyright (c) 2017 Two Blue Cubes Ltd. All rights reserved.
++ *  Copyright (c) 2022 Two Blue Cubes Ltd. All rights reserved.
+  *
+  *  Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+  *  file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@
+ // start catch.hpp
+ 
+ 
++#define CATCH_VERSION_MAJOR 2
++#define CATCH_VERSION_MINOR 13
++#define CATCH_VERSION_PATCH 8
++
+ #ifdef __clang__
+ #    pragma clang system_header
+ #elif defined __GNUC__
+@@ -26,50 +30,62 @@
+ #       pragma warning(push)
+ #       pragma warning(disable: 161 1682)
+ #   else // __ICC
+-#       pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wglobal-constructors"
+-#       pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wvariadic-macros"
+-#       pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wc99-extensions"
+-#       pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
+ #       pragma clang diagnostic push
+ #       pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wpadded"
+ #       pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wswitch-enum"
+ #       pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wcovered-switch-default"
+ #    endif
+ #elif defined __GNUC__
+-#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wvariadic-macros"
+-#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
+-#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wparentheses"
++     // Because REQUIREs trigger GCC's -Wparentheses, and because still
++     // supported version of g++ have only buggy support for _Pragmas,
++     // Wparentheses have to be suppressed globally.
++#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wparentheses" // See #674 for details
+ 
+ #    pragma GCC diagnostic push
++#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
+ #    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wpadded"
+ #endif
+ // end catch_suppress_warnings.h
+ #if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_MAIN) || defined(CATCH_CONFIG_RUNNER)
+ #  define CATCH_IMPL
++#  define CATCH_CONFIG_ALL_PARTS
++#endif
++
++// In the impl file, we want to have access to all parts of the headers
++// Can also be used to sanely support PCHs
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ALL_PARTS)
+ #  define CATCH_CONFIG_EXTERNAL_INTERFACES
+ #  if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_MATCHERS)
+ #    undef CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_MATCHERS
+ #  endif
++#  if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_CHRONO_STRINGMAKER)
++#    define CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_CHRONO_STRINGMAKER
++#  endif
+ #endif
+ 
++#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_IMPL_ONLY)
+ // start catch_platform.h
+ 
++// See e.g.:
++// https://opensource.apple.com/source/CarbonHeaders/CarbonHeaders-18.1/TargetConditionals.h.auto.html
+ #ifdef __APPLE__
+-# include <TargetConditionals.h>
+-# if TARGET_OS_MAC == 1
+-#  define CATCH_PLATFORM_MAC
+-# elif TARGET_OS_IPHONE == 1
+-#  define CATCH_PLATFORM_IPHONE
+-# endif
++#  include <TargetConditionals.h>
++#  if (defined(TARGET_OS_OSX) && TARGET_OS_OSX == 1) || \
++      (defined(TARGET_OS_MAC) && TARGET_OS_MAC == 1)
++#    define CATCH_PLATFORM_MAC
++#  elif (defined(TARGET_OS_IPHONE) && TARGET_OS_IPHONE == 1)
++#    define CATCH_PLATFORM_IPHONE
++#  endif
+ 
+ #elif defined(linux) || defined(__linux) || defined(__linux__)
+ #  define CATCH_PLATFORM_LINUX
+ 
+-#elif defined(WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__) || defined(_WIN32) || defined(_MSC_VER)
++#elif defined(WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__) || defined(_WIN32) || defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__MINGW32__)
+ #  define CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+ #endif
+ 
+ // end catch_platform.h
++
+ #ifdef CATCH_IMPL
+ #  ifndef CLARA_CONFIG_MAIN
+ #    define CLARA_CONFIG_MAIN_NOT_DEFINED
+@@ -77,6 +93,13 @@
+ #  endif
+ #endif
+ 
++// start catch_user_interfaces.h
++
++namespace Catch {
++    unsigned int rngSeed();
++}
++
++// end catch_user_interfaces.h
+ // start catch_tag_alias_autoregistrar.h
+ 
+ // start catch_common.h
+@@ -89,6 +112,7 @@
+ // CATCH_CONFIG_COUNTER : is the __COUNTER__ macro supported?
+ // CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH : is Windows SEH supported?
+ // CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS : are POSIX signals supported?
++// CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS : Are exceptions enabled?
+ // ****************
+ // Note to maintainers: if new toggles are added please document them
+ // in configuration.md, too
+@@ -101,37 +125,74 @@
+ 
+ #ifdef __cplusplus
+ 
+-#  if __cplusplus >= 201402L
++#  if (__cplusplus >= 201402L) || (defined(_MSVC_LANG) && _MSVC_LANG >= 201402L)
+ #    define CATCH_CPP14_OR_GREATER
+ #  endif
+ 
++#  if (__cplusplus >= 201703L) || (defined(_MSVC_LANG) && _MSVC_LANG >= 201703L)
++#    define CATCH_CPP17_OR_GREATER
++#  endif
++
+ #endif
+ 
+-#ifdef __clang__
++// Only GCC compiler should be used in this block, so other compilers trying to
++// mask themselves as GCC should be ignored.
++#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && !defined(__ICC) && !defined(__CUDACC__) && !defined(__LCC__)
++#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION _Pragma( "GCC diagnostic push" )
++#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION  _Pragma( "GCC diagnostic pop" )
+ 
+-#       define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+-            _Pragma( "clang diagnostic push" ) \
+-            _Pragma( "clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wexit-time-destructors\"" ) \
+-            _Pragma( "clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wglobal-constructors\"")
+-#       define CATCH_INTERNAL_UNSUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+-            _Pragma( "clang diagnostic pop" )
+-
+-#       define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PARENTHESES_WARNINGS \
+-            _Pragma( "clang diagnostic push" ) \
+-            _Pragma( "clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wparentheses\"" )
+-#       define CATCH_INTERNAL_UNSUPPRESS_PARENTHESES_WARNINGS \
+-            _Pragma( "clang diagnostic pop" )
++#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_IGNORE_BUT_WARN(...) (void)__builtin_constant_p(__VA_ARGS__)
++
++#endif
++
++#if defined(__clang__)
++
++#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION _Pragma( "clang diagnostic push" )
++#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION  _Pragma( "clang diagnostic pop" )
++
++// As of this writing, IBM XL's implementation of __builtin_constant_p has a bug
++// which results in calls to destructors being emitted for each temporary,
++// without a matching initialization. In practice, this can result in something
++// like `std::string::~string` being called on an uninitialized value.
++//
++// For example, this code will likely segfault under IBM XL:
++// ```
++// REQUIRE(std::string("12") + "34" == "1234")
++// ```
++//
++// Therefore, `CATCH_INTERNAL_IGNORE_BUT_WARN` is not implemented.
++#  if !defined(__ibmxl__) && !defined(__CUDACC__)
++#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_IGNORE_BUT_WARN(...) (void)__builtin_constant_p(__VA_ARGS__) /* NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg, hicpp-vararg) */
++#  endif
++
++#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
++         _Pragma( "clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wexit-time-destructors\"" ) \
++         _Pragma( "clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wglobal-constructors\"")
++
++#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PARENTHESES_WARNINGS \
++         _Pragma( "clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wparentheses\"" )
++
++#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_WARNINGS \
++         _Pragma( "clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wunused-variable\"" )
++
++#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_ZERO_VARIADIC_WARNINGS \
++         _Pragma( "clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wgnu-zero-variadic-macro-arguments\"" )
++
++#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS \
++         _Pragma( "clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wunused-template\"" )
+ 
+ #endif // __clang__
+ 
+ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+-// We know some environments not to support full POSIX signals
+-#if defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__QNX__)
+-
+-#   if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS)
+-#       define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_POSIX_SIGNALS
+-#   endif
++// Assume that non-Windows platforms support posix signals by default
++#if !defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
++    #define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
++#endif
+ 
++////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
++// We know some environments not to support full POSIX signals
++#if defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__QNX__) || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) || defined(__DJGPP__)
++    #define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_POSIX_SIGNALS
+ #endif
+ 
+ #ifdef __OS400__
+@@ -140,18 +201,44 @@
+ #endif
+ 
+ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
++// Android somehow still does not support std::to_string
++#if defined(__ANDROID__)
++#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_CPP11_TO_STRING
++#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_ANDROID_LOGWRITE
++#endif
++
++////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
++// Not all Windows environments support SEH properly
++#if defined(__MINGW32__)
++#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_WINDOWS_SEH
++#endif
++
++////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
++// PS4
++#if defined(__ORBIS__)
++#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_NEW_CAPTURE
++#endif
++
++////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+ // Cygwin
+ #ifdef __CYGWIN__
+ 
+ // Required for some versions of Cygwin to declare gettimeofday
+ // see: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/36901803/gettimeofday-not-declared-in-this-scope-cygwin
+ #   define _BSD_SOURCE
++// some versions of cygwin (most) do not support std::to_string. Use the libstd check.
++// https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.8.2/libstdc++/api/a01053_source.html line 2812-2813
++# if !((__cplusplus >= 201103L) && defined(_GLIBCXX_USE_C99) \
++           && !defined(_GLIBCXX_HAVE_BROKEN_VSWPRINTF))
++
++#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_CPP11_TO_STRING
+ 
++# endif
+ #endif // __CYGWIN__
+ 
+ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+ // Visual C++
+-#ifdef _MSC_VER
++#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+ 
+ // Universal Windows platform does not support SEH
+ // Or console colours (or console at all...)
+@@ -161,9 +248,46 @@
+ #    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+ #  endif
+ 
++#  if !defined(__clang__) // Handle Clang masquerading for msvc
++
++// MSVC traditional preprocessor needs some workaround for __VA_ARGS__
++// _MSVC_TRADITIONAL == 0 means new conformant preprocessor
++// _MSVC_TRADITIONAL == 1 means old traditional non-conformant preprocessor
++#    if !defined(_MSVC_TRADITIONAL) || (defined(_MSVC_TRADITIONAL) && _MSVC_TRADITIONAL)
++#      define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
++#    endif // MSVC_TRADITIONAL
++
++// Only do this if we're not using clang on Windows, which uses `diagnostic push` & `diagnostic pop`
++#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION __pragma( warning(push) )
++#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION  __pragma( warning(pop) )
++#  endif // __clang__
++
++#endif // _MSC_VER
++
++#if defined(_REENTRANT) || defined(_MSC_VER)
++// Enable async processing, as -pthread is specified or no additional linking is required
++# define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_USE_ASYNC
+ #endif // _MSC_VER
+ 
+ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
++// Check if we are compiled with -fno-exceptions or equivalent
++#if defined(__EXCEPTIONS) || defined(__cpp_exceptions) || defined(_CPPUNWIND)
++#  define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED
++#endif
++
++////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
++// DJGPP
++#ifdef __DJGPP__
++#  define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_WCHAR
++#endif // __DJGPP__
++
++////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
++// Embarcadero C++Build
++#if defined(__BORLANDC__)
++    #define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_POLYFILL_ISNAN
++#endif
++
++////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+ 
+ // Use of __COUNTER__ is suppressed during code analysis in
+ // CLion/AppCode 2017.2.x and former, because __COUNTER__ is not properly
+@@ -174,24 +298,170 @@
+     #define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_COUNTER
+ #endif
+ 
++////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
++
++// RTX is a special version of Windows that is real time.
++// This means that it is detected as Windows, but does not provide
++// the same set of capabilities as real Windows does.
++#if defined(UNDER_RTSS) || defined(RTX64_BUILD)
++    #define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_WINDOWS_SEH
++    #define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_ASYNC
++    #define CATCH_CONFIG_COLOUR_NONE
++#endif
++
++#if !defined(_GLIBCXX_USE_C99_MATH_TR1)
++#define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_GLOBAL_NEXTAFTER
++#endif
++
++// Various stdlib support checks that require __has_include
++#if defined(__has_include)
++  // Check if string_view is available and usable
++  #if __has_include(<string_view>) && defined(CATCH_CPP17_OR_GREATER)
++  #    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_STRING_VIEW
++  #endif
++
++  // Check if optional is available and usable
++  #  if __has_include(<optional>) && defined(CATCH_CPP17_OR_GREATER)
++  #    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_OPTIONAL
++  #  endif // __has_include(<optional>) && defined(CATCH_CPP17_OR_GREATER)
++
++  // Check if byte is available and usable
++  #  if __has_include(<cstddef>) && defined(CATCH_CPP17_OR_GREATER)
++  #    include <cstddef>
++  #    if defined(__cpp_lib_byte) && (__cpp_lib_byte > 0)
++  #      define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_BYTE
++  #    endif
++  #  endif // __has_include(<cstddef>) && defined(CATCH_CPP17_OR_GREATER)
++
++  // Check if variant is available and usable
++  #  if __has_include(<variant>) && defined(CATCH_CPP17_OR_GREATER)
++  #    if defined(__clang__) && (__clang_major__ < 8)
++         // work around clang bug with libstdc++ https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=31852
++         // fix should be in clang 8, workaround in libstdc++ 8.2
++  #      include <ciso646>
++  #      if defined(__GLIBCXX__) && defined(_GLIBCXX_RELEASE) && (_GLIBCXX_RELEASE < 9)
++  #        define CATCH_CONFIG_NO_CPP17_VARIANT
++  #      else
++  #        define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_VARIANT
++  #      endif // defined(__GLIBCXX__) && defined(_GLIBCXX_RELEASE) && (_GLIBCXX_RELEASE < 9)
++  #    else
++  #      define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_VARIANT
++  #    endif // defined(__clang__) && (__clang_major__ < 8)
++  #  endif // __has_include(<variant>) && defined(CATCH_CPP17_OR_GREATER)
++#endif // defined(__has_include)
++
+ #if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_COUNTER) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_COUNTER) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_COUNTER)
+ #   define CATCH_CONFIG_COUNTER
+ #endif
+-#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_WINDOWS_SEH) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH)
++#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_WINDOWS_SEH) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH) && !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_WINDOWS_SEH)
+ #   define CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+ #endif
+ // This is set by default, because we assume that unix compilers are posix-signal-compatible by default.
+-#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_POSIX_SIGNALS) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_POSIX_SIGNALS) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS)
++#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS) && !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_POSIX_SIGNALS) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_POSIX_SIGNALS) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS)
+ #   define CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+ #endif
++// This is set by default, because we assume that compilers with no wchar_t support are just rare exceptions.
++#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_WCHAR) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_WCHAR) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR)
++#   define CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR
++#endif
++
++#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_CPP11_TO_STRING) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_CPP11_TO_STRING) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_TO_STRING)
++#    define CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_TO_STRING
++#endif
+ 
++#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_OPTIONAL) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_CPP17_OPTIONAL) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_OPTIONAL)
++#  define CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_OPTIONAL
++#endif
++
++#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_STRING_VIEW) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_CPP17_STRING_VIEW) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_STRING_VIEW)
++#  define CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_STRING_VIEW
++#endif
++
++#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_VARIANT) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_CPP17_VARIANT) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_VARIANT)
++#  define CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_VARIANT
++#endif
++
++#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_BYTE) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_CPP17_BYTE) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_BYTE)
++#  define CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_BYTE
++#endif
++
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL_REDIRECT)
++#  define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NEW_CAPTURE
++#endif
++
++#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NEW_CAPTURE) && !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_NEW_CAPTURE) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_NEW_CAPTURE) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NEW_CAPTURE)
++#  define CATCH_CONFIG_NEW_CAPTURE
++#endif
++
++#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
++#  define CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS
++#endif
++
++#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_POLYFILL_ISNAN) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_POLYFILL_ISNAN) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_POLYFILL_ISNAN)
++#  define CATCH_CONFIG_POLYFILL_ISNAN
++#endif
++
++#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_USE_ASYNC)  && !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_ASYNC) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_USE_ASYNC) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_USE_ASYNC)
++#  define CATCH_CONFIG_USE_ASYNC
++#endif
++
++#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_ANDROID_LOGWRITE) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_ANDROID_LOGWRITE) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ANDROID_LOGWRITE)
++#  define CATCH_CONFIG_ANDROID_LOGWRITE
++#endif
++
++#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_GLOBAL_NEXTAFTER) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_GLOBAL_NEXTAFTER) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_GLOBAL_NEXTAFTER)
++#  define CATCH_CONFIG_GLOBAL_NEXTAFTER
++#endif
++
++// Even if we do not think the compiler has that warning, we still have
++// to provide a macro that can be used by the code.
++#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION)
++#   define CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
++#endif
++#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION)
++#   define CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
++#endif
+ #if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PARENTHESES_WARNINGS)
+ #   define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PARENTHESES_WARNINGS
+-#   define CATCH_INTERNAL_UNSUPPRESS_PARENTHESES_WARNINGS
+ #endif
+ #if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS)
+ #   define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS
+-#   define CATCH_INTERNAL_UNSUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS
++#endif
++#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_WARNINGS)
++#   define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_WARNINGS
++#endif
++#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_ZERO_VARIADIC_WARNINGS)
++#   define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_ZERO_VARIADIC_WARNINGS
++#endif
++
++// The goal of this macro is to avoid evaluation of the arguments, but
++// still have the compiler warn on problems inside...
++#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_IGNORE_BUT_WARN)
++#   define CATCH_INTERNAL_IGNORE_BUT_WARN(...)
++#endif
++
++#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__apple_build_version__) && (__clang_major__ < 10)
++#   undef CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS
++#elif defined(__clang__) && (__clang_major__ < 5)
++#   undef CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS
++#endif
++
++#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS)
++#   define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS
++#endif
++
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
++#define CATCH_TRY if ((true))
++#define CATCH_CATCH_ALL if ((false))
++#define CATCH_CATCH_ANON(type) if ((false))
++#else
++#define CATCH_TRY try
++#define CATCH_CATCH_ALL catch (...)
++#define CATCH_CATCH_ANON(type) catch (type)
++#endif
++
++#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR)
++#define CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+ #endif
+ 
+ // end catch_compiler_capabilities.h
+@@ -207,6 +477,10 @@
+ #include <string>
+ #include <cstdint>
+ 
++// We need a dummy global operator<< so we can bring it into Catch namespace later
++struct Catch_global_namespace_dummy {};
++std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, Catch_global_namespace_dummy);
++
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+     struct CaseSensitive { enum Choice {
+@@ -228,14 +502,17 @@
+     struct SourceLineInfo {
+ 
+         SourceLineInfo() = delete;
+-        SourceLineInfo( char const* _file, std::size_t _line ) noexcept;
++        SourceLineInfo( char const* _file, std::size_t _line ) noexcept
++        :   file( _file ),
++            line( _line )
++        {}
+ 
+-        SourceLineInfo( SourceLineInfo const& other )        = default;
+-        SourceLineInfo( SourceLineInfo && )                  = default;
+-        SourceLineInfo& operator = ( SourceLineInfo const& ) = default;
+-        SourceLineInfo& operator = ( SourceLineInfo && )     = default;
++        SourceLineInfo( SourceLineInfo const& other )            = default;
++        SourceLineInfo& operator = ( SourceLineInfo const& )     = default;
++        SourceLineInfo( SourceLineInfo&& )              noexcept = default;
++        SourceLineInfo& operator = ( SourceLineInfo&& ) noexcept = default;
+ 
+-        bool empty() const noexcept;
++        bool empty() const noexcept { return file[0] == '\0'; }
+         bool operator == ( SourceLineInfo const& other ) const noexcept;
+         bool operator < ( SourceLineInfo const& other ) const noexcept;
+ 
+@@ -245,10 +522,10 @@
+ 
+     std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, SourceLineInfo const& info );
+ 
+-    // This is just here to avoid compiler warnings with macro constants and boolean literals
+-    bool isTrue( bool value );
+-    bool alwaysTrue();
+-    bool alwaysFalse();
++    // Bring in operator<< from global namespace into Catch namespace
++    // This is necessary because the overload of operator<< above makes
++    // lookup stop at namespace Catch
++    using ::operator<<;
+ 
+     // Use this in variadic streaming macros to allow
+     //    >> +StreamEndStop
+@@ -275,7 +552,11 @@
+ 
+ } // end namespace Catch
+ 
+-#define CATCH_REGISTER_TAG_ALIAS( alias, spec ) namespace{ Catch::RegistrarForTagAliases INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( AutoRegisterTagAlias )( alias, spec, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO ); }
++#define CATCH_REGISTER_TAG_ALIAS( alias, spec ) \
++    CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
++    CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
++    namespace{ Catch::RegistrarForTagAliases INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( AutoRegisterTagAlias )( alias, spec, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO ); } \
++    CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+ 
+ // end catch_tag_alias_autoregistrar.h
+ // start catch_test_registry.h
+@@ -283,7 +564,6 @@
+ // start catch_interfaces_testcase.h
+ 
+ #include <vector>
+-#include <memory>
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+@@ -294,8 +574,6 @@
+         virtual ~ITestInvoker();
+     };
+ 
+-    using ITestCasePtr = std::shared_ptr<ITestInvoker>;
+-
+     class TestCase;
+     struct IConfig;
+ 
+@@ -305,6 +583,7 @@
+         virtual std::vector<TestCase> const& getAllTestsSorted( IConfig const& config ) const = 0;
+     };
+ 
++    bool isThrowSafe( TestCase const& testCase, IConfig const& config );
+     bool matchTest( TestCase const& testCase, TestSpec const& testSpec, IConfig const& config );
+     std::vector<TestCase> filterTests( std::vector<TestCase> const& testCases, TestSpec const& testSpec, IConfig const& config );
+     std::vector<TestCase> const& getAllTestCasesSorted( IConfig const& config );
+@@ -317,74 +596,366 @@
+ #include <cstddef>
+ #include <string>
+ #include <iosfwd>
++#include <cassert>
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+-    class StringData;
+-
+     /// A non-owning string class (similar to the forthcoming std::string_view)
+     /// Note that, because a StringRef may be a substring of another string,
+-    /// it may not be null terminated. c_str() must return a null terminated
+-    /// string, however, and so the StringRef will internally take ownership
+-    /// (taking a copy), if necessary. In theory this ownership is not externally
+-    /// visible - but it does mean (substring) StringRefs should not be shared between
+-    /// threads.
++    /// it may not be null terminated.
+     class StringRef {
+-        friend struct StringRefTestAccess;
+-
++    public:
+         using size_type = std::size_t;
++        using const_iterator = const char*;
+ 
+-        char const* m_start;
+-        size_type m_size;
++    private:
++        static constexpr char const* const s_empty = "";
+ 
+-        char* m_data = nullptr;
++        char const* m_start = s_empty;
++        size_type m_size = 0;
+ 
+-        void takeOwnership();
++    public: // construction
++        constexpr StringRef() noexcept = default;
+ 
+-    public: // construction/ assignment
+-        StringRef() noexcept;
+-        StringRef( StringRef const& other ) noexcept;
+-        StringRef( StringRef&& other ) noexcept;
+         StringRef( char const* rawChars ) noexcept;
+-        StringRef( char const* rawChars, size_type size ) noexcept;
+-        StringRef( std::string const& stdString ) noexcept;
+-        ~StringRef() noexcept;
+ 
+-        auto operator = ( StringRef other ) noexcept -> StringRef&;
+-        operator std::string() const;
++        constexpr StringRef( char const* rawChars, size_type size ) noexcept
++        :   m_start( rawChars ),
++            m_size( size )
++        {}
++
++        StringRef( std::string const& stdString ) noexcept
++        :   m_start( stdString.c_str() ),
++            m_size( stdString.size() )
++        {}
+ 
+-        void swap( StringRef& other ) noexcept;
++        explicit operator std::string() const {
++            return std::string(m_start, m_size);
++        }
+ 
+     public: // operators
+         auto operator == ( StringRef const& other ) const noexcept -> bool;
+-        auto operator != ( StringRef const& other ) const noexcept -> bool;
++        auto operator != (StringRef const& other) const noexcept -> bool {
++            return !(*this == other);
++        }
+ 
+-        auto operator[] ( size_type index ) const noexcept -> char;
++        auto operator[] ( size_type index ) const noexcept -> char {
++            assert(index < m_size);
++            return m_start[index];
++        }
+ 
+     public: // named queries
+-        auto empty() const noexcept -> bool;
+-        auto size() const noexcept -> size_type;
+-        auto numberOfCharacters() const noexcept -> size_type;
++        constexpr auto empty() const noexcept -> bool {
++            return m_size == 0;
++        }
++        constexpr auto size() const noexcept -> size_type {
++            return m_size;
++        }
++
++        // Returns the current start pointer. If the StringRef is not
++        // null-terminated, throws std::domain_exception
+         auto c_str() const -> char const*;
+ 
+     public: // substrings and searches
+-        auto substr( size_type start, size_type size ) const noexcept -> StringRef;
++        // Returns a substring of [start, start + length).
++        // If start + length > size(), then the substring is [start, size()).
++        // If start > size(), then the substring is empty.
++        auto substr( size_type start, size_type length ) const noexcept -> StringRef;
+ 
+-    private: // ownership queries - may not be consistent between calls
+-        auto isOwned() const noexcept -> bool;
+-        auto isSubstring() const noexcept -> bool;
++        // Returns the current start pointer. May not be null-terminated.
+         auto data() const noexcept -> char const*;
+-    };
+ 
+-    auto operator + ( StringRef const& lhs, StringRef const& rhs ) -> std::string;
+-    auto operator + ( StringRef const& lhs, char const* rhs ) -> std::string;
+-    auto operator + ( char const* lhs, StringRef const& rhs ) -> std::string;
++        constexpr auto isNullTerminated() const noexcept -> bool {
++            return m_start[m_size] == '\0';
++        }
++
++    public: // iterators
++        constexpr const_iterator begin() const { return m_start; }
++        constexpr const_iterator end() const { return m_start + m_size; }
++    };
+ 
++    auto operator += ( std::string& lhs, StringRef const& sr ) -> std::string&;
+     auto operator << ( std::ostream& os, StringRef const& sr ) -> std::ostream&;
+ 
++    constexpr auto operator "" _sr( char const* rawChars, std::size_t size ) noexcept -> StringRef {
++        return StringRef( rawChars, size );
++    }
+ } // namespace Catch
+ 
++constexpr auto operator "" _catch_sr( char const* rawChars, std::size_t size ) noexcept -> Catch::StringRef {
++    return Catch::StringRef( rawChars, size );
++}
++
+ // end catch_stringref.h
++// start catch_preprocessor.hpp
++
++
++#define CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL0(...) __VA_ARGS__
++#define CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL1(...) CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL0(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL0(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL0(__VA_ARGS__)))
++#define CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL2(...) CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL1(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL1(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL1(__VA_ARGS__)))
++#define CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL3(...) CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL2(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL2(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL2(__VA_ARGS__)))
++#define CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL4(...) CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL3(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL3(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL3(__VA_ARGS__)))
++#define CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL5(...) CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL4(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL4(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL4(__VA_ARGS__)))
++
++#ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(...) __VA_ARGS__
++// MSVC needs more evaluations
++#define CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL6(...) CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL5(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL5(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL5(__VA_ARGS__)))
++#define CATCH_RECURSE(...)  CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL6(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL6(__VA_ARGS__))
++#else
++#define CATCH_RECURSE(...)  CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL5(__VA_ARGS__)
++#endif
++
++#define CATCH_REC_END(...)
++#define CATCH_REC_OUT
++
++#define CATCH_EMPTY()
++#define CATCH_DEFER(id) id CATCH_EMPTY()
++
++#define CATCH_REC_GET_END2() 0, CATCH_REC_END
++#define CATCH_REC_GET_END1(...) CATCH_REC_GET_END2
++#define CATCH_REC_GET_END(...) CATCH_REC_GET_END1
++#define CATCH_REC_NEXT0(test, next, ...) next CATCH_REC_OUT
++#define CATCH_REC_NEXT1(test, next) CATCH_DEFER ( CATCH_REC_NEXT0 ) ( test, next, 0)
++#define CATCH_REC_NEXT(test, next)  CATCH_REC_NEXT1(CATCH_REC_GET_END test, next)
++
++#define CATCH_REC_LIST0(f, x, peek, ...) , f(x) CATCH_DEFER ( CATCH_REC_NEXT(peek, CATCH_REC_LIST1) ) ( f, peek, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define CATCH_REC_LIST1(f, x, peek, ...) , f(x) CATCH_DEFER ( CATCH_REC_NEXT(peek, CATCH_REC_LIST0) ) ( f, peek, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define CATCH_REC_LIST2(f, x, peek, ...)   f(x) CATCH_DEFER ( CATCH_REC_NEXT(peek, CATCH_REC_LIST1) ) ( f, peek, __VA_ARGS__ )
++
++#define CATCH_REC_LIST0_UD(f, userdata, x, peek, ...) , f(userdata, x) CATCH_DEFER ( CATCH_REC_NEXT(peek, CATCH_REC_LIST1_UD) ) ( f, userdata, peek, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define CATCH_REC_LIST1_UD(f, userdata, x, peek, ...) , f(userdata, x) CATCH_DEFER ( CATCH_REC_NEXT(peek, CATCH_REC_LIST0_UD) ) ( f, userdata, peek, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define CATCH_REC_LIST2_UD(f, userdata, x, peek, ...)   f(userdata, x) CATCH_DEFER ( CATCH_REC_NEXT(peek, CATCH_REC_LIST1_UD) ) ( f, userdata, peek, __VA_ARGS__ )
++
++// Applies the function macro `f` to each of the remaining parameters, inserts commas between the results,
++// and passes userdata as the first parameter to each invocation,
++// e.g. CATCH_REC_LIST_UD(f, x, a, b, c) evaluates to f(x, a), f(x, b), f(x, c)
++#define CATCH_REC_LIST_UD(f, userdata, ...) CATCH_RECURSE(CATCH_REC_LIST2_UD(f, userdata, __VA_ARGS__, ()()(), ()()(), ()()(), 0))
++
++#define CATCH_REC_LIST(f, ...) CATCH_RECURSE(CATCH_REC_LIST2(f, __VA_ARGS__, ()()(), ()()(), ()()(), 0))
++
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND1(param) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND2(param)
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND2(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_NO## __VA_ARGS__
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEF(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_DEF __VA_ARGS__
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NOINTERNAL_CATCH_DEF
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE2(__VA_ARGS__)
++#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE2(...) #__VA_ARGS__
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE_WITHOUT_PARENS(param) INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(param))
++#else
++// MSVC is adding extra space and needs another indirection to expand INTERNAL_CATCH_NOINTERNAL_CATCH_DEF
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE2(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE3(__VA_ARGS__)
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE3(...) #__VA_ARGS__
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE_WITHOUT_PARENS(param) (INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(param)) + 1)
++#endif
++
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE2(...) ns_##__VA_ARGS__
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(name) INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE2(name)
++
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND1(INTERNAL_CATCH_DEF __VA_ARGS__)
++
++#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LIST2(...) decltype(get_wrapper<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_GEN(__VA_ARGS__)>())
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LIST(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LIST2(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(__VA_ARGS__))
++#else
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LIST2(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(decltype(get_wrapper<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_GEN(__VA_ARGS__)>()))
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LIST(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LIST2(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(__VA_ARGS__)))
++#endif
++
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LISTS_FROM_TYPES(...)\
++    CATCH_REC_LIST(INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LIST,__VA_ARGS__)
++
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_1_ARG(_0) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0)
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_2_ARG(_0, _1) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_1_ARG(_1)
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_3_ARG(_0, _1, _2) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_2_ARG(_1, _2)
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_4_ARG(_0, _1, _2, _3) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_3_ARG(_1, _2, _3)
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_5_ARG(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_4_ARG(_1, _2, _3, _4)
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_6_ARG(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_5_ARG(_1, _2, _3, _4, _5)
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_7_ARG(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_6_ARG(_1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6)
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_8_ARG(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_7_ARG(_1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7)
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_9_ARG(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_8_ARG(_1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8)
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_10_ARG(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_9_ARG(_1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9)
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_11_ARG(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9, _10) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_10_ARG(_1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9, _10)
++
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9, _10, N, ...) N
++
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_TYPE_GEN\
++    template<typename...> struct TypeList {};\
++    template<typename...Ts>\
++    constexpr auto get_wrapper() noexcept -> TypeList<Ts...> { return {}; }\
++    template<template<typename...> class...> struct TemplateTypeList{};\
++    template<template<typename...> class...Cs>\
++    constexpr auto get_wrapper() noexcept -> TemplateTypeList<Cs...> { return {}; }\
++    template<typename...>\
++    struct append;\
++    template<typename...>\
++    struct rewrap;\
++    template<template<typename...> class, typename...>\
++    struct create;\
++    template<template<typename...> class, typename>\
++    struct convert;\
++    \
++    template<typename T> \
++    struct append<T> { using type = T; };\
++    template< template<typename...> class L1, typename...E1, template<typename...> class L2, typename...E2, typename...Rest>\
++    struct append<L1<E1...>, L2<E2...>, Rest...> { using type = typename append<L1<E1...,E2...>, Rest...>::type; };\
++    template< template<typename...> class L1, typename...E1, typename...Rest>\
++    struct append<L1<E1...>, TypeList<mpl_::na>, Rest...> { using type = L1<E1...>; };\
++    \
++    template< template<typename...> class Container, template<typename...> class List, typename...elems>\
++    struct rewrap<TemplateTypeList<Container>, List<elems...>> { using type = TypeList<Container<elems...>>; };\
++    template< template<typename...> class Container, template<typename...> class List, class...Elems, typename...Elements>\
++    struct rewrap<TemplateTypeList<Container>, List<Elems...>, Elements...> { using type = typename append<TypeList<Container<Elems...>>, typename rewrap<TemplateTypeList<Container>, Elements...>::type>::type; };\
++    \
++    template<template <typename...> class Final, template< typename...> class...Containers, typename...Types>\
++    struct create<Final, TemplateTypeList<Containers...>, TypeList<Types...>> { using type = typename append<Final<>, typename rewrap<TemplateTypeList<Containers>, Types...>::type...>::type; };\
++    template<template <typename...> class Final, template <typename...> class List, typename...Ts>\
++    struct convert<Final, List<Ts...>> { using type = typename append<Final<>,TypeList<Ts>...>::type; };
++
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1(signature, ...)\
++    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> struct Nttp{};\
++    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)>\
++    constexpr auto get_wrapper() noexcept -> Nttp<__VA_ARGS__> { return {}; } \
++    template<template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> class...> struct NttpTemplateTypeList{};\
++    template<template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> class...Cs>\
++    constexpr auto get_wrapper() noexcept -> NttpTemplateTypeList<Cs...> { return {}; } \
++    \
++    template< template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> class Container, template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> class List, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)>\
++    struct rewrap<NttpTemplateTypeList<Container>, List<__VA_ARGS__>> { using type = TypeList<Container<__VA_ARGS__>>; };\
++    template< template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> class Container, template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> class List, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature), typename...Elements>\
++    struct rewrap<NttpTemplateTypeList<Container>, List<__VA_ARGS__>, Elements...> { using type = typename append<TypeList<Container<__VA_ARGS__>>, typename rewrap<NttpTemplateTypeList<Container>, Elements...>::type>::type; };\
++    template<template <typename...> class Final, template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> class...Containers, typename...Types>\
++    struct create<Final, NttpTemplateTypeList<Containers...>, TypeList<Types...>> { using type = typename append<Final<>, typename rewrap<NttpTemplateTypeList<Containers>, Types...>::type...>::type; };
++
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST0(TestName)
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST1(TestName, signature)\
++    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)>\
++    static void TestName()
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X(TestName, signature, ...)\
++    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)>\
++    static void TestName()
++
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST0(TestName)
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST1(TestName, signature)\
++    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)>\
++    static void TestName()
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X(TestName, signature,...)\
++    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)>\
++    static void TestName()
++
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER0(TestFunc, signature)\
++    template<typename Type>\
++    void reg_test(TypeList<Type>, Catch::NameAndTags nameAndTags)\
++    {\
++        Catch::AutoReg( Catch::makeTestInvoker(&TestFunc<Type>), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::StringRef(), nameAndTags);\
++    }
++
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER(TestFunc, signature, ...)\
++    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)>\
++    void reg_test(Nttp<__VA_ARGS__>, Catch::NameAndTags nameAndTags)\
++    {\
++        Catch::AutoReg( Catch::makeTestInvoker(&TestFunc<__VA_ARGS__>), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::StringRef(), nameAndTags);\
++    }
++
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD0(TestName, signature, ...)\
++    template<typename Type>\
++    void reg_test(TypeList<Type>, Catch::StringRef className, Catch::NameAndTags nameAndTags)\
++    {\
++        Catch::AutoReg( Catch::makeTestInvoker(&TestName<Type>::test), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, className, nameAndTags);\
++    }
++
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD(TestName, signature, ...)\
++    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)>\
++    void reg_test(Nttp<__VA_ARGS__>, Catch::StringRef className, Catch::NameAndTags nameAndTags)\
++    {\
++        Catch::AutoReg( Catch::makeTestInvoker(&TestName<__VA_ARGS__>::test), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, className, nameAndTags);\
++    }
++
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD0(TestName, ClassName)
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD1(TestName, ClassName, signature)\
++    template<typename TestType> \
++    struct TestName : INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(ClassName)<TestType> { \
++        void test();\
++    }
++
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X(TestName, ClassName, signature, ...)\
++    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> \
++    struct TestName : INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(ClassName)<__VA_ARGS__> { \
++        void test();\
++    }
++
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD0(TestName)
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD1(TestName, signature)\
++    template<typename TestType> \
++    void INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(TestName)::TestName<TestType>::test()
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X(TestName, signature, ...)\
++    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> \
++    void INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(TestName)::TestName<__VA_ARGS__>::test()
++
++#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_0
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_GEN(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL(__VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1(__VA_ARGS__), INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1(__VA_ARGS__), INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1(__VA_ARGS__), INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1(__VA_ARGS__), INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1(__VA_ARGS__), INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1( __VA_ARGS__), INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1( __VA_ARGS__), INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1( __VA_ARGS__), INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1( __VA_ARGS__),INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1( __VA_ARGS__), INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_0)
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD(TestName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD1, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD0)(TestName, __VA_ARGS__)
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD(TestName, ClassName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD1, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD0)(TestName, ClassName, __VA_ARGS__)
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REG_METHOD_GEN(TestName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD0, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD0)(TestName, __VA_ARGS__)
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REG_GEN(TestFunc, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER0, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER0)(TestFunc, __VA_ARGS__)
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST(TestName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST1, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST0)(TestName, __VA_ARGS__)
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST(TestName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST1, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST0)(TestName, __VA_ARGS__)
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_GEN(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL(__VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_11_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_10_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_9_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_8_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_7_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_6_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_5_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_4_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_3_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_2_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_1_ARG)(__VA_ARGS__)
++#else
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_0(signature)
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_GEN(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL(__VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1,INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_0)( __VA_ARGS__))
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD(TestName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD1, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD0)(TestName, __VA_ARGS__))
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD(TestName, ClassName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD1, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD0)(TestName, ClassName, __VA_ARGS__))
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REG_METHOD_GEN(TestName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD0, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD0)(TestName, __VA_ARGS__))
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REG_GEN(TestFunc, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER0, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER0)(TestFunc, __VA_ARGS__))
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST(TestName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST1, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST0)(TestName, __VA_ARGS__))
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST(TestName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST1, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST0)(TestName, __VA_ARGS__))
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_GEN(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL(__VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_11_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_10_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_9_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_8_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_7_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_6_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_5_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_4_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_3_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_2_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_1_ARG)(__VA_ARGS__))
++#endif
++
++// end catch_preprocessor.hpp
++// start catch_meta.hpp
++
++
++#include <type_traits>
++
++namespace Catch {
++    template<typename T>
++    struct always_false : std::false_type {};
++
++    template <typename> struct true_given : std::true_type {};
++    struct is_callable_tester {
++        template <typename Fun, typename... Args>
++        true_given<decltype(std::declval<Fun>()(std::declval<Args>()...))> static test(int);
++        template <typename...>
++        std::false_type static test(...);
++    };
++
++    template <typename T>
++    struct is_callable;
++
++    template <typename Fun, typename... Args>
++    struct is_callable<Fun(Args...)> : decltype(is_callable_tester::test<Fun, Args...>(0)) {};
++
++#if defined(__cpp_lib_is_invocable) && __cpp_lib_is_invocable >= 201703
++    // std::result_of is deprecated in C++17 and removed in C++20. Hence, it is
++    // replaced with std::invoke_result here.
++    template <typename Func, typename... U>
++    using FunctionReturnType = std::remove_reference_t<std::remove_cv_t<std::invoke_result_t<Func, U...>>>;
++#else
++    // Keep ::type here because we still support C++11
++    template <typename Func, typename... U>
++    using FunctionReturnType = typename std::remove_reference<typename std::remove_cv<typename std::result_of<Func(U...)>::type>::type>::type;
++#endif
++
++} // namespace Catch
++
++namespace mpl_{
++    struct na;
++}
++
++// end catch_meta.hpp
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+ template<typename C>
+@@ -407,13 +978,13 @@
+ }
+ 
+ struct NameAndTags {
+-    NameAndTags( StringRef name_ = "", StringRef tags_ = "" ) noexcept;
++    NameAndTags( StringRef const& name_ = StringRef(), StringRef const& tags_ = StringRef() ) noexcept;
+     StringRef name;
+     StringRef tags;
+ };
+ 
+ struct AutoReg : NonCopyable {
+-    AutoReg( ITestInvoker* invoker, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo, StringRef classOrMethod, NameAndTags const& nameAndTags ) noexcept;
++    AutoReg( ITestInvoker* invoker, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo, StringRef const& classOrMethod, NameAndTags const& nameAndTags ) noexcept;
+     ~AutoReg();
+ };
+ 
+@@ -424,64 +995,507 @@
+         static void TestName()
+     #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION( TestName, ClassName, ... ) \
+         namespace{                        \
+-            struct TestName : ClassName { \
++            struct TestName : INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(ClassName) { \
+                 void test();              \
+             };                            \
+         }                                 \
+         void TestName::test()
++    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION_2( TestName, TestFunc, Name, Tags, Signature, ... )  \
++        INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST(TestFunc, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))
++    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION_2( TestNameClass, TestName, ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, ... )    \
++        namespace{                                                                                  \
++            namespace INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(TestName) {                                      \
++            INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD(TestName, ClassName, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature));\
++        }                                                                                           \
++        }                                                                                           \
++        INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD(TestName, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))
++
++    #ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
++        #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION(Name, Tags, ...) \
++            INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_F_U_N_C_ ), Name, Tags, typename TestType, __VA_ARGS__ )
++    #else
++        #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION(Name, Tags, ...) \
++            INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_F_U_N_C_ ), Name, Tags, typename TestType, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++    #endif
++
++    #ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
++        #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(Name, Tags, Signature, ...) \
++            INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_F_U_N_C_ ), Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ )
++    #else
++        #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(Name, Tags, Signature, ...) \
++            INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_F_U_N_C_ ), Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++    #endif
+ 
++    #ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
++        #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION( ClassName, Name, Tags,... ) \
++            INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_C_L_A_S_S_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_ ) , ClassName, Name, Tags, typename T, __VA_ARGS__ )
++    #else
++        #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION( ClassName, Name, Tags,... ) \
++            INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_C_L_A_S_S_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_ ) , ClassName, Name, Tags, typename T, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++    #endif
++
++    #ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
++        #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION( ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, ... ) \
++            INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_C_L_A_S_S_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_ ) , ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ )
++    #else
++        #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION( ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, ... ) \
++            INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_C_L_A_S_S_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_ ) , ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++    #endif
+ #endif
+ 
+     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+     #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE2( TestName, ... ) \
+         static void TestName(); \
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+         CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+-        namespace{ Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar )( Catch::makeTestInvoker( &TestName ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, "", Catch::NameAndTags{ __VA_ARGS__ } ); } /* NOLINT */ \
+-        CATCH_INTERNAL_UNSUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
++        namespace{ Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar )( Catch::makeTestInvoker( &TestName ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::StringRef(), Catch::NameAndTags{ __VA_ARGS__ } ); } /* NOLINT */ \
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+         static void TestName()
+     #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE( ... ) \
+-        INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ ), __VA_ARGS__ )
++        INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_S_T_ ), __VA_ARGS__ )
+ 
+     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+     #define INTERNAL_CATCH_METHOD_AS_TEST_CASE( QualifiedMethod, ... ) \
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+         CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+         namespace{ Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar )( Catch::makeTestInvoker( &QualifiedMethod ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, "&" #QualifiedMethod, Catch::NameAndTags{ __VA_ARGS__ } ); } /* NOLINT */ \
+-        CATCH_INTERNAL_UNSUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+ 
+     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+     #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD2( TestName, ClassName, ... )\
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+         CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+         namespace{ \
+-            struct TestName : ClassName{ \
++            struct TestName : INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(ClassName) { \
+                 void test(); \
+             }; \
+             Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar ) ( Catch::makeTestInvoker( &TestName::test ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, #ClassName, Catch::NameAndTags{ __VA_ARGS__ } ); /* NOLINT */ \
+         } \
+-        CATCH_INTERNAL_UNSUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+         void TestName::test()
+     #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( ClassName, ... ) \
+-        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ ), ClassName, __VA_ARGS__ )
++        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_S_T_ ), ClassName, __VA_ARGS__ )
+ 
+     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+     #define INTERNAL_CATCH_REGISTER_TESTCASE( Function, ... ) \
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
++        Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar )( Catch::makeTestInvoker( Function ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::StringRef(), Catch::NameAndTags{ __VA_ARGS__ } ); /* NOLINT */ \
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
++
++    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
++    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_2(TestName, TestFunc, Name, Tags, Signature, ... )\
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_ZERO_VARIADIC_WARNINGS \
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS \
++        INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST(TestFunc, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature));\
++        namespace {\
++        namespace INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(TestName){\
++            INTERNAL_CATCH_TYPE_GEN\
++            INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_GEN(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))\
++            INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REG_GEN(TestFunc,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))\
++            template<typename...Types> \
++            struct TestName{\
++                TestName(){\
++                    int index = 0;                                    \
++                    constexpr char const* tmpl_types[] = {CATCH_REC_LIST(INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE_WITHOUT_PARENS, __VA_ARGS__)};\
++                    using expander = int[];\
++                    (void)expander{(reg_test(Types{}, Catch::NameAndTags{ Name " - " + std::string(tmpl_types[index]), Tags } ), index++)... };/* NOLINT */ \
++                }\
++            };\
++            static int INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( globalRegistrar ) = [](){\
++            TestName<INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LISTS_FROM_TYPES(__VA_ARGS__)>();\
++            return 0;\
++        }();\
++        }\
++        }\
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
++        INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST(TestFunc,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))
++
++#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
++    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE(Name, Tags, ...) \
++        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_F_U_N_C_ ), Name, Tags, typename TestType, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#else
++    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE(Name, Tags, ...) \
++        INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_F_U_N_C_ ), Name, Tags, typename TestType, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#endif
++
++#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
++    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG(Name, Tags, Signature, ...) \
++        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_F_U_N_C_ ), Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#else
++    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG(Name, Tags, Signature, ...) \
++        INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_F_U_N_C_ ), Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#endif
++
++    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE2(TestName, TestFuncName, Name, Tags, Signature, TmplTypes, TypesList) \
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION                      \
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS                      \
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_ZERO_VARIADIC_WARNINGS                \
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS              \
++        template<typename TestType> static void TestFuncName();       \
++        namespace {\
++        namespace INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(TestName) {                                     \
++            INTERNAL_CATCH_TYPE_GEN                                                  \
++            INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_GEN(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))         \
++            template<typename... Types>                               \
++            struct TestName {                                         \
++                void reg_tests() {                                          \
++                    int index = 0;                                    \
++                    using expander = int[];                           \
++                    constexpr char const* tmpl_types[] = {CATCH_REC_LIST(INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE_WITHOUT_PARENS, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(TmplTypes))};\
++                    constexpr char const* types_list[] = {CATCH_REC_LIST(INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE_WITHOUT_PARENS, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(TypesList))};\
++                    constexpr auto num_types = sizeof(types_list) / sizeof(types_list[0]);\
++                    (void)expander{(Catch::AutoReg( Catch::makeTestInvoker( &TestFuncName<Types> ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::StringRef(), Catch::NameAndTags{ Name " - " + std::string(tmpl_types[index / num_types]) + "<" + std::string(types_list[index % num_types]) + ">", Tags } ), index++)... };/* NOLINT */\
++                }                                                     \
++            };                                                        \
++            static int INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( globalRegistrar ) = [](){ \
++                using TestInit = typename create<TestName, decltype(get_wrapper<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(TmplTypes)>()), TypeList<INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LISTS_FROM_TYPES(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(TypesList))>>::type; \
++                TestInit t;                                           \
++                t.reg_tests();                                        \
++                return 0;                                             \
++            }();                                                      \
++        }                                                             \
++        }                                                             \
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION                       \
++        template<typename TestType>                                   \
++        static void TestFuncName()
++
++#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
++    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE(Name, Tags, ...)\
++        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE2(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_F_U_N_C_ ), Name, Tags, typename T,__VA_ARGS__)
++#else
++    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE(Name, Tags, ...)\
++        INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_F_U_N_C_ ), Name, Tags, typename T, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#endif
++
++#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
++    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG(Name, Tags, Signature, ...)\
++        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE2(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_F_U_N_C_ ), Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__)
++#else
++    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG(Name, Tags, Signature, ...)\
++        INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_F_U_N_C_ ), Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#endif
++
++    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_2(TestName, TestFunc, Name, Tags, TmplList)\
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS \
++        template<typename TestType> static void TestFunc();       \
++        namespace {\
++        namespace INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(TestName){\
++        INTERNAL_CATCH_TYPE_GEN\
++        template<typename... Types>                               \
++        struct TestName {                                         \
++            void reg_tests() {                                          \
++                int index = 0;                                    \
++                using expander = int[];                           \
++                (void)expander{(Catch::AutoReg( Catch::makeTestInvoker( &TestFunc<Types> ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::StringRef(), Catch::NameAndTags{ Name " - " + std::string(INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE(TmplList)) + " - " + std::to_string(index), Tags } ), index++)... };/* NOLINT */\
++            }                                                     \
++        };\
++        static int INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( globalRegistrar ) = [](){ \
++                using TestInit = typename convert<TestName, TmplList>::type; \
++                TestInit t;                                           \
++                t.reg_tests();                                        \
++                return 0;                                             \
++            }();                                                      \
++        }}\
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION                       \
++        template<typename TestType>                                   \
++        static void TestFunc()
++
++    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE(Name, Tags, TmplList) \
++        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_F_U_N_C_ ), Name, Tags, TmplList )
++
++    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( TestNameClass, TestName, ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, ... ) \
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_ZERO_VARIADIC_WARNINGS \
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS \
++        namespace {\
++        namespace INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(TestName){ \
++            INTERNAL_CATCH_TYPE_GEN\
++            INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_GEN(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))\
++            INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD(TestName, ClassName, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature));\
++            INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REG_METHOD_GEN(TestName, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))\
++            template<typename...Types> \
++            struct TestNameClass{\
++                TestNameClass(){\
++                    int index = 0;                                    \
++                    constexpr char const* tmpl_types[] = {CATCH_REC_LIST(INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE_WITHOUT_PARENS, __VA_ARGS__)};\
++                    using expander = int[];\
++                    (void)expander{(reg_test(Types{}, #ClassName, Catch::NameAndTags{ Name " - " + std::string(tmpl_types[index]), Tags } ), index++)... };/* NOLINT */ \
++                }\
++            };\
++            static int INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( globalRegistrar ) = [](){\
++                TestNameClass<INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LISTS_FROM_TYPES(__VA_ARGS__)>();\
++                return 0;\
++        }();\
++        }\
++        }\
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
++        INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD(TestName, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))
++
++#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
++    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( ClassName, Name, Tags,... ) \
++        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_C_L_A_S_S_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_ ) , ClassName, Name, Tags, typename T, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#else
++    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( ClassName, Name, Tags,... ) \
++        INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_C_L_A_S_S_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_ ) , ClassName, Name, Tags, typename T, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#endif
++
++#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
++    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, ... ) \
++        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_C_L_A_S_S_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_ ) , ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#else
++    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, ... ) \
++        INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_C_L_A_S_S_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_ ) , ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#endif
++
++    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2(TestNameClass, TestName, ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, TmplTypes, TypesList)\
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+         CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+-        Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar )( Catch::makeTestInvoker( Function ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, "", Catch::NameAndTags{ __VA_ARGS__ } ); /* NOLINT */ \
+-        CATCH_INTERNAL_UNSUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_ZERO_VARIADIC_WARNINGS \
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS \
++        template<typename TestType> \
++            struct TestName : INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(ClassName <TestType>) { \
++                void test();\
++            };\
++        namespace {\
++        namespace INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(TestNameClass) {\
++            INTERNAL_CATCH_TYPE_GEN                  \
++            INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_GEN(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))\
++            template<typename...Types>\
++            struct TestNameClass{\
++                void reg_tests(){\
++                    int index = 0;\
++                    using expander = int[];\
++                    constexpr char const* tmpl_types[] = {CATCH_REC_LIST(INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE_WITHOUT_PARENS, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(TmplTypes))};\
++                    constexpr char const* types_list[] = {CATCH_REC_LIST(INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE_WITHOUT_PARENS, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(TypesList))};\
++                    constexpr auto num_types = sizeof(types_list) / sizeof(types_list[0]);\
++                    (void)expander{(Catch::AutoReg( Catch::makeTestInvoker( &TestName<Types>::test ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, #ClassName, Catch::NameAndTags{ Name " - " + std::string(tmpl_types[index / num_types]) + "<" + std::string(types_list[index % num_types]) + ">", Tags } ), index++)... };/* NOLINT */ \
++                }\
++            };\
++            static int INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( globalRegistrar ) = [](){\
++                using TestInit = typename create<TestNameClass, decltype(get_wrapper<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(TmplTypes)>()), TypeList<INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LISTS_FROM_TYPES(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(TypesList))>>::type;\
++                TestInit t;\
++                t.reg_tests();\
++                return 0;\
++            }(); \
++        }\
++        }\
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
++        template<typename TestType> \
++        void TestName<TestType>::test()
++
++#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
++    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( ClassName, Name, Tags, ... )\
++        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_F_U_N_C_ ), ClassName, Name, Tags, typename T, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#else
++    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( ClassName, Name, Tags, ... )\
++        INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_F_U_N_C_ ), ClassName, Name, Tags, typename T,__VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#endif
++
++#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
++    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, ... )\
++        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_F_U_N_C_ ), ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#else
++    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, ... )\
++        INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_F_U_N_C_ ), ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature,__VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#endif
++
++    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( TestNameClass, TestName, ClassName, Name, Tags, TmplList) \
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS \
++        template<typename TestType> \
++        struct TestName : INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(ClassName <TestType>) { \
++            void test();\
++        };\
++        namespace {\
++        namespace INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(TestName){ \
++            INTERNAL_CATCH_TYPE_GEN\
++            template<typename...Types>\
++            struct TestNameClass{\
++                void reg_tests(){\
++                    int index = 0;\
++                    using expander = int[];\
++                    (void)expander{(Catch::AutoReg( Catch::makeTestInvoker( &TestName<Types>::test ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, #ClassName, Catch::NameAndTags{ Name " - " + std::string(INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE(TmplList)) + " - " + std::to_string(index), Tags } ), index++)... };/* NOLINT */ \
++                }\
++            };\
++            static int INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( globalRegistrar ) = [](){\
++                using TestInit = typename convert<TestNameClass, TmplList>::type;\
++                TestInit t;\
++                t.reg_tests();\
++                return 0;\
++            }(); \
++        }}\
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
++        template<typename TestType> \
++        void TestName<TestType>::test()
++
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD(ClassName, Name, Tags, TmplList) \
++        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_M_P_L_A_T_E_T_E_S_T_F_U_N_C_ ), ClassName, Name, Tags, TmplList )
+ 
+ // end catch_test_registry.h
+ // start catch_capture.hpp
+ 
+ // start catch_assertionhandler.h
+ 
++// start catch_assertioninfo.h
++
++// start catch_result_type.h
++
++namespace Catch {
++
++    // ResultWas::OfType enum
++    struct ResultWas { enum OfType {
++        Unknown = -1,
++        Ok = 0,
++        Info = 1,
++        Warning = 2,
++
++        FailureBit = 0x10,
++
++        ExpressionFailed = FailureBit | 1,
++        ExplicitFailure = FailureBit | 2,
++
++        Exception = 0x100 | FailureBit,
++
++        ThrewException = Exception | 1,
++        DidntThrowException = Exception | 2,
++
++        FatalErrorCondition = 0x200 | FailureBit
++
++    }; };
++
++    bool isOk( ResultWas::OfType resultType );
++    bool isJustInfo( int flags );
++
++    // ResultDisposition::Flags enum
++    struct ResultDisposition { enum Flags {
++        Normal = 0x01,
++
++        ContinueOnFailure = 0x02,   // Failures fail test, but execution continues
++        FalseTest = 0x04,           // Prefix expression with !
++        SuppressFail = 0x08         // Failures are reported but do not fail the test
++    }; };
++
++    ResultDisposition::Flags operator | ( ResultDisposition::Flags lhs, ResultDisposition::Flags rhs );
++
++    bool shouldContinueOnFailure( int flags );
++    inline bool isFalseTest( int flags ) { return ( flags & ResultDisposition::FalseTest ) != 0; }
++    bool shouldSuppressFailure( int flags );
++
++} // end namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_result_type.h
++namespace Catch {
++
++    struct AssertionInfo
++    {
++        StringRef macroName;
++        SourceLineInfo lineInfo;
++        StringRef capturedExpression;
++        ResultDisposition::Flags resultDisposition;
++
++        // We want to delete this constructor but a compiler bug in 4.8 means
++        // the struct is then treated as non-aggregate
++        //AssertionInfo() = delete;
++    };
++
++} // end namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_assertioninfo.h
+ // start catch_decomposer.h
+ 
+ // start catch_tostring.h
+ 
+-#include <sstream>
+ #include <vector>
+ #include <cstddef>
+ #include <type_traits>
+ #include <string>
++// start catch_stream.h
++
++#include <iosfwd>
++#include <cstddef>
++#include <ostream>
++
++namespace Catch {
++
++    std::ostream& cout();
++    std::ostream& cerr();
++    std::ostream& clog();
++
++    class StringRef;
++
++    struct IStream {
++        virtual ~IStream();
++        virtual std::ostream& stream() const = 0;
++    };
++
++    auto makeStream( StringRef const &filename ) -> IStream const*;
++
++    class ReusableStringStream : NonCopyable {
++        std::size_t m_index;
++        std::ostream* m_oss;
++    public:
++        ReusableStringStream();
++        ~ReusableStringStream();
++
++        auto str() const -> std::string;
++
++        template<typename T>
++        auto operator << ( T const& value ) -> ReusableStringStream& {
++            *m_oss << value;
++            return *this;
++        }
++        auto get() -> std::ostream& { return *m_oss; }
++    };
++}
++
++// end catch_stream.h
++// start catch_interfaces_enum_values_registry.h
++
++#include <vector>
++
++namespace Catch {
++
++    namespace Detail {
++        struct EnumInfo {
++            StringRef m_name;
++            std::vector<std::pair<int, StringRef>> m_values;
++
++            ~EnumInfo();
++
++            StringRef lookup( int value ) const;
++        };
++    } // namespace Detail
++
++    struct IMutableEnumValuesRegistry {
++        virtual ~IMutableEnumValuesRegistry();
++
++        virtual Detail::EnumInfo const& registerEnum( StringRef enumName, StringRef allEnums, std::vector<int> const& values ) = 0;
++
++        template<typename E>
++        Detail::EnumInfo const& registerEnum( StringRef enumName, StringRef allEnums, std::initializer_list<E> values ) {
++            static_assert(sizeof(int) >= sizeof(E), "Cannot serialize enum to int");
++            std::vector<int> intValues;
++            intValues.reserve( values.size() );
++            for( auto enumValue : values )
++                intValues.push_back( static_cast<int>( enumValue ) );
++            return registerEnum( enumName, allEnums, intValues );
++        }
++    };
++
++} // Catch
++
++// end catch_interfaces_enum_values_registry.h
++
++#ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_STRING_VIEW
++#include <string_view>
++#endif
+ 
+ #ifdef __OBJC__
+ // start catch_objc_arc.hpp
+@@ -534,14 +1548,7 @@
+ #pragma warning(disable:4180) // We attempt to stream a function (address) by const&, which MSVC complains about but is harmless
+ #endif
+ 
+-// We need a dummy global operator<< so we can bring it into Catch namespace later
+-struct Catch_global_namespace_dummy;
+-std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, Catch_global_namespace_dummy);
+-
+ namespace Catch {
+-    // Bring in operator<< from global namespace into Catch namespace
+-    using ::operator<<;
+-
+     namespace Detail {
+ 
+         extern const std::string unprintableString;
+@@ -555,9 +1562,9 @@
+ 
+         template<typename T>
+         class IsStreamInsertable {
+-            template<typename SS, typename TT>
++            template<typename Stream, typename U>
+             static auto test(int)
+-                -> decltype(std::declval<SS&>() << std::declval<TT>(), std::true_type());
++                -> decltype(std::declval<Stream&>() << std::declval<U>(), std::true_type());
+ 
+             template<typename, typename>
+             static auto test(...)->std::false_type;
+@@ -566,25 +1573,66 @@
+             static const bool value = decltype(test<std::ostream, const T&>(0))::value;
+         };
+ 
++        template<typename E>
++        std::string convertUnknownEnumToString( E e );
++
++        template<typename T>
++        typename std::enable_if<
++            !std::is_enum<T>::value && !std::is_base_of<std::exception, T>::value,
++        std::string>::type convertUnstreamable( T const& ) {
++            return Detail::unprintableString;
++        }
++        template<typename T>
++        typename std::enable_if<
++            !std::is_enum<T>::value && std::is_base_of<std::exception, T>::value,
++         std::string>::type convertUnstreamable(T const& ex) {
++            return ex.what();
++        }
++
++        template<typename T>
++        typename std::enable_if<
++            std::is_enum<T>::value
++        , std::string>::type convertUnstreamable( T const& value ) {
++            return convertUnknownEnumToString( value );
++        }
++
++#if defined(_MANAGED)
++        //! Convert a CLR string to a utf8 std::string
++        template<typename T>
++        std::string clrReferenceToString( T^ ref ) {
++            if (ref == nullptr)
++                return std::string("null");
++            auto bytes = System::Text::Encoding::UTF8->GetBytes(ref->ToString());
++            cli::pin_ptr<System::Byte> p = &bytes[0];
++            return std::string(reinterpret_cast<char const *>(p), bytes->Length);
++        }
++#endif
++
+     } // namespace Detail
+ 
+     // If we decide for C++14, change these to enable_if_ts
+-    template <typename T>
++    template <typename T, typename = void>
+     struct StringMaker {
+         template <typename Fake = T>
+         static
+         typename std::enable_if<::Catch::Detail::IsStreamInsertable<Fake>::value, std::string>::type
+-            convert(const Fake& t) {
+-                std::ostringstream sstr;
+-                sstr << t;
+-                return sstr.str();
++            convert(const Fake& value) {
++                ReusableStringStream rss;
++                // NB: call using the function-like syntax to avoid ambiguity with
++                // user-defined templated operator<< under clang.
++                rss.operator<<(value);
++                return rss.str();
+         }
+ 
+         template <typename Fake = T>
+         static
+         typename std::enable_if<!::Catch::Detail::IsStreamInsertable<Fake>::value, std::string>::type
+-            convert(const Fake&) {
+-                return Detail::unprintableString;
++            convert( const Fake& value ) {
++#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_FALLBACK_STRINGIFIER)
++            return Detail::convertUnstreamable(value);
++#else
++            return CATCH_CONFIG_FALLBACK_STRINGIFIER(value);
++#endif
+         }
+     };
+ 
+@@ -597,6 +1645,18 @@
+             return ::Catch::StringMaker<typename std::remove_cv<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type>::type>::convert(e);
+         }
+ 
++        template<typename E>
++        std::string convertUnknownEnumToString( E e ) {
++            return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(static_cast<typename std::underlying_type<E>::type>(e));
++        }
++
++#if defined(_MANAGED)
++        template <typename T>
++        std::string stringify( T^ e ) {
++            return ::Catch::StringMaker<T^>::convert(e);
++        }
++#endif
++
+     } // namespace Detail
+ 
+     // Some predefined specializations
+@@ -605,10 +1665,13 @@
+     struct StringMaker<std::string> {
+         static std::string convert(const std::string& str);
+     };
++
++#ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_STRING_VIEW
+     template<>
+-    struct StringMaker<std::wstring> {
+-        static std::string convert(const std::wstring& wstr);
++    struct StringMaker<std::string_view> {
++        static std::string convert(std::string_view str);
+     };
++#endif
+ 
+     template<>
+     struct StringMaker<char const *> {
+@@ -618,6 +1681,20 @@
+     struct StringMaker<char *> {
+         static std::string convert(char * str);
+     };
++
++#ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR
++    template<>
++    struct StringMaker<std::wstring> {
++        static std::string convert(const std::wstring& wstr);
++    };
++
++# ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_STRING_VIEW
++    template<>
++    struct StringMaker<std::wstring_view> {
++        static std::string convert(std::wstring_view str);
++    };
++# endif
++
+     template<>
+     struct StringMaker<wchar_t const *> {
+         static std::string convert(wchar_t const * str);
+@@ -626,26 +1703,35 @@
+     struct StringMaker<wchar_t *> {
+         static std::string convert(wchar_t * str);
+     };
++#endif
+ 
++    // TBD: Should we use `strnlen` to ensure that we don't go out of the buffer,
++    //      while keeping string semantics?
+     template<int SZ>
+     struct StringMaker<char[SZ]> {
+-        static std::string convert(const char* str) {
++        static std::string convert(char const* str) {
+             return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(std::string{ str });
+         }
+     };
+     template<int SZ>
+     struct StringMaker<signed char[SZ]> {
+-        static std::string convert(const char* str) {
+-            return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(std::string{ str });
++        static std::string convert(signed char const* str) {
++            return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(std::string{ reinterpret_cast<char const *>(str) });
+         }
+     };
+     template<int SZ>
+     struct StringMaker<unsigned char[SZ]> {
+-        static std::string convert(const char* str) {
+-            return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(std::string{ str });
++        static std::string convert(unsigned char const* str) {
++            return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(std::string{ reinterpret_cast<char const *>(str) });
+         }
+     };
+ 
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_BYTE)
++    template<>
++    struct StringMaker<std::byte> {
++        static std::string convert(std::byte value);
++    };
++#endif // defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_BYTE)
+     template<>
+     struct StringMaker<int> {
+         static std::string convert(int value);
+@@ -697,10 +1783,13 @@
+     template<>
+     struct StringMaker<float> {
+         static std::string convert(float value);
++        static int precision;
+     };
++
+     template<>
+     struct StringMaker<double> {
+         static std::string convert(double value);
++        static int precision;
+     };
+ 
+     template <typename T>
+@@ -726,35 +1815,30 @@
+         }
+     };
+ 
++#if defined(_MANAGED)
++    template <typename T>
++    struct StringMaker<T^> {
++        static std::string convert( T^ ref ) {
++            return ::Catch::Detail::clrReferenceToString(ref);
++        }
++    };
++#endif
++
+     namespace Detail {
+-        template<typename InputIterator>
+-        std::string rangeToString(InputIterator first, InputIterator last) {
+-            std::ostringstream oss;
+-            oss << "{ ";
++        template<typename InputIterator, typename Sentinel = InputIterator>
++        std::string rangeToString(InputIterator first, Sentinel last) {
++            ReusableStringStream rss;
++            rss << "{ ";
+             if (first != last) {
+-                oss << ::Catch::Detail::stringify(*first);
++                rss << ::Catch::Detail::stringify(*first);
+                 for (++first; first != last; ++first)
+-                    oss << ", " << ::Catch::Detail::stringify(*first);
++                    rss << ", " << ::Catch::Detail::stringify(*first);
+             }
+-            oss << " }";
+-            return oss.str();
++            rss << " }";
++            return rss.str();
+         }
+     }
+ 
+-    template<typename T, typename Allocator>
+-    struct StringMaker<std::vector<T, Allocator> > {
+-        static std::string convert( std::vector<T,Allocator> const& v ) {
+-            return ::Catch::Detail::rangeToString( v.begin(), v.end() );
+-        }
+-    };
+-
+-    template<typename T>
+-    struct EnumStringMaker {
+-        static std::string convert(const T& t) {
+-            return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(static_cast<typename std::underlying_type<T>::type>(t));
+-        }
+-    };
+-
+ #ifdef __OBJC__
+     template<>
+     struct StringMaker<NSString*> {
+@@ -788,7 +1872,9 @@
+ #if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_ALL_STRINGMAKERS)
+ #  define CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_PAIR_STRINGMAKER
+ #  define CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_TUPLE_STRINGMAKER
++#  define CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_VARIANT_STRINGMAKER
+ #  define CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_CHRONO_STRINGMAKER
++#  define CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_OPTIONAL_STRINGMAKER
+ #endif
+ 
+ // Separate std::pair specialization
+@@ -798,18 +1884,36 @@
+     template<typename T1, typename T2>
+     struct StringMaker<std::pair<T1, T2> > {
+         static std::string convert(const std::pair<T1, T2>& pair) {
+-            std::ostringstream oss;
+-            oss << "{ "
++            ReusableStringStream rss;
++            rss << "{ "
+                 << ::Catch::Detail::stringify(pair.first)
+                 << ", "
+                 << ::Catch::Detail::stringify(pair.second)
+                 << " }";
+-            return oss.str();
++            return rss.str();
+         }
+     };
+ }
+ #endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_PAIR_STRINGMAKER
+ 
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_OPTIONAL_STRINGMAKER) && defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_OPTIONAL)
++#include <optional>
++namespace Catch {
++    template<typename T>
++    struct StringMaker<std::optional<T> > {
++        static std::string convert(const std::optional<T>& optional) {
++            ReusableStringStream rss;
++            if (optional.has_value()) {
++                rss << ::Catch::Detail::stringify(*optional);
++            } else {
++                rss << "{ }";
++            }
++            return rss.str();
++        }
++    };
++}
++#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_OPTIONAL_STRINGMAKER
++
+ // Separate std::tuple specialization
+ #if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_TUPLE_STRINGMAKER)
+ #include <tuple>
+@@ -841,22 +1945,121 @@
+     template<typename ...Types>
+     struct StringMaker<std::tuple<Types...>> {
+         static std::string convert(const std::tuple<Types...>& tuple) {
+-            std::ostringstream os;
+-            os << '{';
+-            Detail::TupleElementPrinter<std::tuple<Types...>>::print(tuple, os);
+-            os << " }";
+-            return os.str();
++            ReusableStringStream rss;
++            rss << '{';
++            Detail::TupleElementPrinter<std::tuple<Types...>>::print(tuple, rss.get());
++            rss << " }";
++            return rss.str();
+         }
+     };
+ }
+ #endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_TUPLE_STRINGMAKER
+ 
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_VARIANT_STRINGMAKER) && defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_VARIANT)
++#include <variant>
++namespace Catch {
++    template<>
++    struct StringMaker<std::monostate> {
++        static std::string convert(const std::monostate&) {
++            return "{ }";
++        }
++    };
++
++    template<typename... Elements>
++    struct StringMaker<std::variant<Elements...>> {
++        static std::string convert(const std::variant<Elements...>& variant) {
++            if (variant.valueless_by_exception()) {
++                return "{valueless variant}";
++            } else {
++                return std::visit(
++                    [](const auto& value) {
++                        return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(value);
++                    },
++                    variant
++                );
++            }
++        }
++    };
++}
++#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_VARIANT_STRINGMAKER
++
++namespace Catch {
++    // Import begin/ end from std here
++    using std::begin;
++    using std::end;
++
++    namespace detail {
++        template <typename...>
++        struct void_type {
++            using type = void;
++        };
++
++        template <typename T, typename = void>
++        struct is_range_impl : std::false_type {
++        };
++
++        template <typename T>
++        struct is_range_impl<T, typename void_type<decltype(begin(std::declval<T>()))>::type> : std::true_type {
++        };
++    } // namespace detail
++
++    template <typename T>
++    struct is_range : detail::is_range_impl<T> {
++    };
++
++#if defined(_MANAGED) // Managed types are never ranges
++    template <typename T>
++    struct is_range<T^> {
++        static const bool value = false;
++    };
++#endif
++
++    template<typename Range>
++    std::string rangeToString( Range const& range ) {
++        return ::Catch::Detail::rangeToString( begin( range ), end( range ) );
++    }
++
++    // Handle vector<bool> specially
++    template<typename Allocator>
++    std::string rangeToString( std::vector<bool, Allocator> const& v ) {
++        ReusableStringStream rss;
++        rss << "{ ";
++        bool first = true;
++        for( bool b : v ) {
++            if( first )
++                first = false;
++            else
++                rss << ", ";
++            rss << ::Catch::Detail::stringify( b );
++        }
++        rss << " }";
++        return rss.str();
++    }
++
++    template<typename R>
++    struct StringMaker<R, typename std::enable_if<is_range<R>::value && !::Catch::Detail::IsStreamInsertable<R>::value>::type> {
++        static std::string convert( R const& range ) {
++            return rangeToString( range );
++        }
++    };
++
++    template <typename T, int SZ>
++    struct StringMaker<T[SZ]> {
++        static std::string convert(T const(&arr)[SZ]) {
++            return rangeToString(arr);
++        }
++    };
++
++} // namespace Catch
++
+ // Separate std::chrono::duration specialization
+ #if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_CHRONO_STRINGMAKER)
+ #include <ctime>
+ #include <ratio>
+ #include <chrono>
+ 
++namespace Catch {
++
+ template <class Ratio>
+ struct ratio_string {
+     static std::string symbol();
+@@ -864,69 +2067,68 @@
+ 
+ template <class Ratio>
+ std::string ratio_string<Ratio>::symbol() {
+-    std::ostringstream oss;
+-    oss << '[' << Ratio::num << '/'
++    Catch::ReusableStringStream rss;
++    rss << '[' << Ratio::num << '/'
+         << Ratio::den << ']';
+-    return oss.str();
++    return rss.str();
+ }
+ template <>
+ struct ratio_string<std::atto> {
+-    static std::string symbol() { return "a"; }
++    static std::string symbol();
+ };
+ template <>
+ struct ratio_string<std::femto> {
+-    static std::string symbol() { return "f"; }
++    static std::string symbol();
+ };
+ template <>
+ struct ratio_string<std::pico> {
+-    static std::string symbol() { return "p"; }
++    static std::string symbol();
+ };
+ template <>
+ struct ratio_string<std::nano> {
+-    static std::string symbol() { return "n"; }
++    static std::string symbol();
+ };
+ template <>
+ struct ratio_string<std::micro> {
+-    static std::string symbol() { return "u"; }
++    static std::string symbol();
+ };
+ template <>
+ struct ratio_string<std::milli> {
+-    static std::string symbol() { return "m"; }
++    static std::string symbol();
+ };
+ 
+-namespace Catch {
+     ////////////
+     // std::chrono::duration specializations
+     template<typename Value, typename Ratio>
+     struct StringMaker<std::chrono::duration<Value, Ratio>> {
+         static std::string convert(std::chrono::duration<Value, Ratio> const& duration) {
+-            std::ostringstream oss;
+-            oss << duration.count() << ' ' << ratio_string<Ratio>::symbol() << 's';
+-            return oss.str();
++            ReusableStringStream rss;
++            rss << duration.count() << ' ' << ratio_string<Ratio>::symbol() << 's';
++            return rss.str();
+         }
+     };
+     template<typename Value>
+     struct StringMaker<std::chrono::duration<Value, std::ratio<1>>> {
+         static std::string convert(std::chrono::duration<Value, std::ratio<1>> const& duration) {
+-            std::ostringstream oss;
+-            oss << duration.count() << " s";
+-            return oss.str();
++            ReusableStringStream rss;
++            rss << duration.count() << " s";
++            return rss.str();
+         }
+     };
+     template<typename Value>
+     struct StringMaker<std::chrono::duration<Value, std::ratio<60>>> {
+         static std::string convert(std::chrono::duration<Value, std::ratio<60>> const& duration) {
+-            std::ostringstream oss;
+-            oss << duration.count() << " m";
+-            return oss.str();
++            ReusableStringStream rss;
++            rss << duration.count() << " m";
++            return rss.str();
+         }
+     };
+     template<typename Value>
+     struct StringMaker<std::chrono::duration<Value, std::ratio<3600>>> {
+         static std::string convert(std::chrono::duration<Value, std::ratio<3600>> const& duration) {
+-            std::ostringstream oss;
+-            oss << duration.count() << " h";
+-            return oss.str();
++            ReusableStringStream rss;
++            rss << duration.count() << " h";
++            return rss.str();
+         }
+     };
+ 
+@@ -967,12 +2169,24 @@
+ }
+ #endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_CHRONO_STRINGMAKER
+ 
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REGISTER_ENUM( enumName, ... ) \
++namespace Catch { \
++    template<> struct StringMaker<enumName> { \
++        static std::string convert( enumName value ) { \
++            static const auto& enumInfo = ::Catch::getMutableRegistryHub().getMutableEnumValuesRegistry().registerEnum( #enumName, #__VA_ARGS__, { __VA_ARGS__ } ); \
++            return static_cast<std::string>(enumInfo.lookup( static_cast<int>( value ) )); \
++        } \
++    }; \
++}
++
++#define CATCH_REGISTER_ENUM( enumName, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_REGISTER_ENUM( enumName, __VA_ARGS__ )
++
+ #ifdef _MSC_VER
+ #pragma warning(pop)
+ #endif
+ 
+ // end catch_tostring.h
+-#include <ostream>
++#include <iosfwd>
+ 
+ #ifdef _MSC_VER
+ #pragma warning(push)
+@@ -980,32 +2194,38 @@
+ #pragma warning(disable:4018) // more "signed/unsigned mismatch"
+ #pragma warning(disable:4312) // Converting int to T* using reinterpret_cast (issue on x64 platform)
+ #pragma warning(disable:4180) // qualifier applied to function type has no meaning
++#pragma warning(disable:4800) // Forcing result to true or false
+ #endif
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+     struct ITransientExpression {
+-        virtual auto isBinaryExpression() const -> bool = 0;
+-        virtual auto getResult() const -> bool = 0;
++        auto isBinaryExpression() const -> bool { return m_isBinaryExpression; }
++        auto getResult() const -> bool { return m_result; }
+         virtual void streamReconstructedExpression( std::ostream &os ) const = 0;
+ 
+-        // We don't actually need a virtual destructore, but many static analysers
++        ITransientExpression( bool isBinaryExpression, bool result )
++        :   m_isBinaryExpression( isBinaryExpression ),
++            m_result( result )
++        {}
++
++        // We don't actually need a virtual destructor, but many static analysers
+         // complain if it's not here :-(
+         virtual ~ITransientExpression();
++
++        bool m_isBinaryExpression;
++        bool m_result;
++
+     };
+ 
+     void formatReconstructedExpression( std::ostream &os, std::string const& lhs, StringRef op, std::string const& rhs );
+ 
+     template<typename LhsT, typename RhsT>
+     class BinaryExpr  : public ITransientExpression {
+-        bool m_result;
+         LhsT m_lhs;
+         StringRef m_op;
+         RhsT m_rhs;
+ 
+-        auto isBinaryExpression() const -> bool override { return true; }
+-        auto getResult() const -> bool override { return m_result; }
+-
+         void streamReconstructedExpression( std::ostream &os ) const override {
+             formatReconstructedExpression
+                     ( os, Catch::Detail::stringify( m_lhs ), m_op, Catch::Detail::stringify( m_rhs ) );
+@@ -1013,31 +2233,87 @@
+ 
+     public:
+         BinaryExpr( bool comparisonResult, LhsT lhs, StringRef op, RhsT rhs )
+-        :   m_result( comparisonResult ),
++        :   ITransientExpression{ true, comparisonResult },
+             m_lhs( lhs ),
+             m_op( op ),
+             m_rhs( rhs )
+         {}
++
++        template<typename T>
++        auto operator && ( T ) const -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
++            static_assert(always_false<T>::value,
++            "chained comparisons are not supported inside assertions, "
++            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
++        }
++
++        template<typename T>
++        auto operator || ( T ) const -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
++            static_assert(always_false<T>::value,
++            "chained comparisons are not supported inside assertions, "
++            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
++        }
++
++        template<typename T>
++        auto operator == ( T ) const -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
++            static_assert(always_false<T>::value,
++            "chained comparisons are not supported inside assertions, "
++            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
++        }
++
++        template<typename T>
++        auto operator != ( T ) const -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
++            static_assert(always_false<T>::value,
++            "chained comparisons are not supported inside assertions, "
++            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
++        }
++
++        template<typename T>
++        auto operator > ( T ) const -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
++            static_assert(always_false<T>::value,
++            "chained comparisons are not supported inside assertions, "
++            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
++        }
++
++        template<typename T>
++        auto operator < ( T ) const -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
++            static_assert(always_false<T>::value,
++            "chained comparisons are not supported inside assertions, "
++            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
++        }
++
++        template<typename T>
++        auto operator >= ( T ) const -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
++            static_assert(always_false<T>::value,
++            "chained comparisons are not supported inside assertions, "
++            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
++        }
++
++        template<typename T>
++        auto operator <= ( T ) const -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
++            static_assert(always_false<T>::value,
++            "chained comparisons are not supported inside assertions, "
++            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
++        }
+     };
+ 
+     template<typename LhsT>
+     class UnaryExpr : public ITransientExpression {
+         LhsT m_lhs;
+ 
+-        auto isBinaryExpression() const -> bool override { return false; }
+-        auto getResult() const -> bool override { return m_lhs ? true : false; }
+-
+         void streamReconstructedExpression( std::ostream &os ) const override {
+             os << Catch::Detail::stringify( m_lhs );
+         }
+ 
+     public:
+-        UnaryExpr( LhsT lhs ) : m_lhs( lhs ) {}
++        explicit UnaryExpr( LhsT lhs )
++        :   ITransientExpression{ false, static_cast<bool>(lhs) },
++            m_lhs( lhs )
++        {}
+     };
+ 
+     // Specialised comparison functions to handle equality comparisons between ints and pointers (NULL deduces as an int)
+     template<typename LhsT, typename RhsT>
+-    auto compareEqual( LhsT const& lhs, RhsT const& rhs ) -> bool { return lhs == rhs; };
++    auto compareEqual( LhsT const& lhs, RhsT const& rhs ) -> bool { return static_cast<bool>(lhs == rhs); }
+     template<typename T>
+     auto compareEqual( T* const& lhs, int rhs ) -> bool { return lhs == reinterpret_cast<void const*>( rhs ); }
+     template<typename T>
+@@ -1048,7 +2324,7 @@
+     auto compareEqual( long lhs, T* const& rhs ) -> bool { return reinterpret_cast<void const*>( lhs ) == rhs; }
+ 
+     template<typename LhsT, typename RhsT>
+-    auto compareNotEqual( LhsT const& lhs, RhsT&& rhs ) -> bool { return lhs != rhs; };
++    auto compareNotEqual( LhsT const& lhs, RhsT&& rhs ) -> bool { return static_cast<bool>(lhs != rhs); }
+     template<typename T>
+     auto compareNotEqual( T* const& lhs, int rhs ) -> bool { return lhs != reinterpret_cast<void const*>( rhs ); }
+     template<typename T>
+@@ -1062,43 +2338,69 @@
+     class ExprLhs {
+         LhsT m_lhs;
+     public:
+-        ExprLhs( LhsT lhs ) : m_lhs( lhs ) {}
++        explicit ExprLhs( LhsT lhs ) : m_lhs( lhs ) {}
+ 
+         template<typename RhsT>
+         auto operator == ( RhsT const& rhs ) -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
+-            return BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&>( compareEqual( m_lhs, rhs ), m_lhs, "==", rhs );
++            return { compareEqual( m_lhs, rhs ), m_lhs, "==", rhs };
+         }
+         auto operator == ( bool rhs ) -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, bool> const {
+-            return BinaryExpr<LhsT, bool>( m_lhs == rhs, m_lhs, "==", rhs );
++            return { m_lhs == rhs, m_lhs, "==", rhs };
+         }
+ 
+         template<typename RhsT>
+         auto operator != ( RhsT const& rhs ) -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
+-            return BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&>( compareNotEqual( m_lhs, rhs ), m_lhs, "!=", rhs );
++            return { compareNotEqual( m_lhs, rhs ), m_lhs, "!=", rhs };
+         }
+         auto operator != ( bool rhs ) -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, bool> const {
+-            return BinaryExpr<LhsT, bool>( m_lhs != rhs, m_lhs, "!=", rhs );
++            return { m_lhs != rhs, m_lhs, "!=", rhs };
+         }
+ 
+         template<typename RhsT>
+         auto operator > ( RhsT const& rhs ) -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
+-            return BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&>( m_lhs > rhs, m_lhs, ">", rhs );
++            return { static_cast<bool>(m_lhs > rhs), m_lhs, ">", rhs };
+         }
+         template<typename RhsT>
+         auto operator < ( RhsT const& rhs ) -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
+-            return BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&>( m_lhs < rhs, m_lhs, "<", rhs );
++            return { static_cast<bool>(m_lhs < rhs), m_lhs, "<", rhs };
+         }
+         template<typename RhsT>
+         auto operator >= ( RhsT const& rhs ) -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
+-            return BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&>( m_lhs >= rhs, m_lhs, ">=", rhs );
++            return { static_cast<bool>(m_lhs >= rhs), m_lhs, ">=", rhs };
+         }
+         template<typename RhsT>
+         auto operator <= ( RhsT const& rhs ) -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
+-            return BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&>( m_lhs <= rhs, m_lhs, "<=", rhs );
++            return { static_cast<bool>(m_lhs <= rhs), m_lhs, "<=", rhs };
++        }
++        template <typename RhsT>
++        auto operator | (RhsT const& rhs) -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
++            return { static_cast<bool>(m_lhs | rhs), m_lhs, "|", rhs };
++        }
++        template <typename RhsT>
++        auto operator & (RhsT const& rhs) -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
++            return { static_cast<bool>(m_lhs & rhs), m_lhs, "&", rhs };
++        }
++        template <typename RhsT>
++        auto operator ^ (RhsT const& rhs) -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
++            return { static_cast<bool>(m_lhs ^ rhs), m_lhs, "^", rhs };
++        }
++
++        template<typename RhsT>
++        auto operator && ( RhsT const& ) -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
++            static_assert(always_false<RhsT>::value,
++            "operator&& is not supported inside assertions, "
++            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
++        }
++
++        template<typename RhsT>
++        auto operator || ( RhsT const& ) -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
++            static_assert(always_false<RhsT>::value,
++            "operator|| is not supported inside assertions, "
++            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
+         }
+ 
+         auto makeUnaryExpr() const -> UnaryExpr<LhsT> {
+-            return UnaryExpr<LhsT>( m_lhs );
++            return UnaryExpr<LhsT>{ m_lhs };
+         }
+     };
+ 
+@@ -1112,10 +2414,11 @@
+     struct Decomposer {
+         template<typename T>
+         auto operator <= ( T const& lhs ) -> ExprLhs<T const&> {
+-            return ExprLhs<T const&>( lhs );
++            return ExprLhs<T const&>{ lhs };
+         }
++
+         auto operator <=( bool value ) -> ExprLhs<bool> {
+-            return ExprLhs<bool>( value );
++            return ExprLhs<bool>{ value };
+         }
+     };
+ 
+@@ -1126,79 +2429,104 @@
+ #endif
+ 
+ // end catch_decomposer.h
+-// start catch_assertioninfo.h
++// start catch_interfaces_capture.h
+ 
+-// start catch_result_type.h
++#include <string>
++#include <chrono>
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+-    // ResultWas::OfType enum
+-    struct ResultWas { enum OfType {
+-        Unknown = -1,
+-        Ok = 0,
+-        Info = 1,
+-        Warning = 2,
+-
+-        FailureBit = 0x10,
+-
+-        ExpressionFailed = FailureBit | 1,
+-        ExplicitFailure = FailureBit | 2,
++    class AssertionResult;
++    struct AssertionInfo;
++    struct SectionInfo;
++    struct SectionEndInfo;
++    struct MessageInfo;
++    struct MessageBuilder;
++    struct Counts;
++    struct AssertionReaction;
++    struct SourceLineInfo;
+ 
+-        Exception = 0x100 | FailureBit,
++    struct ITransientExpression;
++    struct IGeneratorTracker;
+ 
+-        ThrewException = Exception | 1,
+-        DidntThrowException = Exception | 2,
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING)
++    struct BenchmarkInfo;
++    template <typename Duration = std::chrono::duration<double, std::nano>>
++    struct BenchmarkStats;
++#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING
+ 
+-        FatalErrorCondition = 0x200 | FailureBit
++    struct IResultCapture {
+ 
+-    }; };
++        virtual ~IResultCapture();
+ 
+-    bool isOk( ResultWas::OfType resultType );
+-    bool isJustInfo( int flags );
++        virtual bool sectionStarted(    SectionInfo const& sectionInfo,
++                                        Counts& assertions ) = 0;
++        virtual void sectionEnded( SectionEndInfo const& endInfo ) = 0;
++        virtual void sectionEndedEarly( SectionEndInfo const& endInfo ) = 0;
+ 
+-    // ResultDisposition::Flags enum
+-    struct ResultDisposition { enum Flags {
+-        Normal = 0x01,
++        virtual auto acquireGeneratorTracker( StringRef generatorName, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo ) -> IGeneratorTracker& = 0;
+ 
+-        ContinueOnFailure = 0x02,   // Failures fail test, but execution continues
+-        FalseTest = 0x04,           // Prefix expression with !
+-        SuppressFail = 0x08         // Failures are reported but do not fail the test
+-    }; };
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING)
++        virtual void benchmarkPreparing( std::string const& name ) = 0;
++        virtual void benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& info ) = 0;
++        virtual void benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& stats ) = 0;
++        virtual void benchmarkFailed( std::string const& error ) = 0;
++#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING
+ 
+-    ResultDisposition::Flags operator | ( ResultDisposition::Flags lhs, ResultDisposition::Flags rhs );
++        virtual void pushScopedMessage( MessageInfo const& message ) = 0;
++        virtual void popScopedMessage( MessageInfo const& message ) = 0;
+ 
+-    bool shouldContinueOnFailure( int flags );
+-    bool isFalseTest( int flags );
+-    bool shouldSuppressFailure( int flags );
++        virtual void emplaceUnscopedMessage( MessageBuilder const& builder ) = 0;
+ 
+-} // end namespace Catch
++        virtual void handleFatalErrorCondition( StringRef message ) = 0;
+ 
+-// end catch_result_type.h
+-namespace Catch {
++        virtual void handleExpr
++                (   AssertionInfo const& info,
++                    ITransientExpression const& expr,
++                    AssertionReaction& reaction ) = 0;
++        virtual void handleMessage
++                (   AssertionInfo const& info,
++                    ResultWas::OfType resultType,
++                    StringRef const& message,
++                    AssertionReaction& reaction ) = 0;
++        virtual void handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown
++                (   AssertionInfo const& info,
++                    AssertionReaction& reaction ) = 0;
++        virtual void handleUnexpectedInflightException
++                (   AssertionInfo const& info,
++                    std::string const& message,
++                    AssertionReaction& reaction ) = 0;
++        virtual void handleIncomplete
++                (   AssertionInfo const& info ) = 0;
++        virtual void handleNonExpr
++                (   AssertionInfo const &info,
++                    ResultWas::OfType resultType,
++                    AssertionReaction &reaction ) = 0;
+ 
+-    struct AssertionInfo
+-    {
+-        StringRef macroName;
+-        SourceLineInfo lineInfo;
+-        StringRef capturedExpression;
+-        ResultDisposition::Flags resultDisposition;
++        virtual bool lastAssertionPassed() = 0;
++        virtual void assertionPassed() = 0;
+ 
+-        // We want to delete this constructor but a compiler bug in 4.8 means
+-        // the struct is then treated as non-aggregate
+-        //AssertionInfo() = delete;
++        // Deprecated, do not use:
++        virtual std::string getCurrentTestName() const = 0;
++        virtual const AssertionResult* getLastResult() const = 0;
++        virtual void exceptionEarlyReported() = 0;
+     };
+ 
+-} // end namespace Catch
++    IResultCapture& getResultCapture();
++}
+ 
+-// end catch_assertioninfo.h
++// end catch_interfaces_capture.h
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+     struct TestFailureException{};
+     struct AssertionResultData;
++    struct IResultCapture;
++    class RunContext;
+ 
+     class LazyExpression {
+         friend class AssertionHandler;
+         friend struct AssertionStats;
++        friend class RunContext;
+ 
+         ITransientExpression const* m_transientExpression = nullptr;
+         bool m_isNegated;
+@@ -1212,41 +2540,51 @@
+         friend auto operator << ( std::ostream& os, LazyExpression const& lazyExpr ) -> std::ostream&;
+     };
+ 
++    struct AssertionReaction {
++        bool shouldDebugBreak = false;
++        bool shouldThrow = false;
++    };
++
+     class AssertionHandler {
+         AssertionInfo m_assertionInfo;
+-        bool m_shouldDebugBreak = false;
+-        bool m_shouldThrow = false;
+-        bool m_inExceptionGuard = false;
++        AssertionReaction m_reaction;
++        bool m_completed = false;
++        IResultCapture& m_resultCapture;
+ 
+     public:
+         AssertionHandler
+-            (   StringRef macroName,
++            (   StringRef const& macroName,
+                 SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo,
+                 StringRef capturedExpression,
+                 ResultDisposition::Flags resultDisposition );
+-        ~AssertionHandler();
+-
+-        void handle( ITransientExpression const& expr );
++        ~AssertionHandler() {
++            if ( !m_completed ) {
++                m_resultCapture.handleIncomplete( m_assertionInfo );
++            }
++        }
+ 
+         template<typename T>
+-        void handle( ExprLhs<T> const& expr ) {
+-            handle( expr.makeUnaryExpr() );
++        void handleExpr( ExprLhs<T> const& expr ) {
++            handleExpr( expr.makeUnaryExpr() );
+         }
+-        void handle( ResultWas::OfType resultType );
+-        void handle( ResultWas::OfType resultType, StringRef const& message );
+-        void handle( ResultWas::OfType resultType, ITransientExpression const* expr, bool negated );
+-        void handle( AssertionResultData const& resultData, ITransientExpression const* expr );
++        void handleExpr( ITransientExpression const& expr );
++
++        void handleMessage(ResultWas::OfType resultType, StringRef const& message);
++
++        void handleExceptionThrownAsExpected();
++        void handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown();
++        void handleExceptionNotThrownAsExpected();
++        void handleThrowingCallSkipped();
++        void handleUnexpectedInflightException();
++
++        void complete();
++        void setCompleted();
+ 
+-        auto shouldDebugBreak() const -> bool;
++        // query
+         auto allowThrows() const -> bool;
+-        void reactWithDebugBreak() const;
+-        void reactWithoutDebugBreak() const;
+-        void useActiveException();
+-        void setExceptionGuard();
+-        void unsetExceptionGuard();
+     };
+ 
+-    void handleExceptionMatchExpr( AssertionHandler& handler, std::string const& str, StringRef matcherString );
++    void handleExceptionMatchExpr( AssertionHandler& handler, std::string const& str, StringRef const& matcherString );
+ 
+ } // namespace Catch
+ 
+@@ -1254,16 +2592,16 @@
+ // start catch_message.h
+ 
+ #include <string>
+-#include <sstream>
++#include <vector>
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+     struct MessageInfo {
+-        MessageInfo(    std::string const& _macroName,
++        MessageInfo(    StringRef const& _macroName,
+                         SourceLineInfo const& _lineInfo,
+                         ResultWas::OfType _type );
+ 
+-        std::string macroName;
++        StringRef macroName;
+         std::string message;
+         SourceLineInfo lineInfo;
+         ResultWas::OfType type;
+@@ -1283,12 +2621,11 @@
+             return *this;
+         }
+ 
+-        // !TBD reuse a global/ thread-local stream
+-        std::ostringstream m_stream;
++        ReusableStringStream m_stream;
+     };
+ 
+     struct MessageBuilder : MessageStream {
+-        MessageBuilder( std::string const& macroName,
++        MessageBuilder( StringRef const& macroName,
+                         SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo,
+                         ResultWas::OfType type );
+ 
+@@ -1303,98 +2640,40 @@
+ 
+     class ScopedMessage {
+     public:
+-        ScopedMessage( MessageBuilder const& builder );
++        explicit ScopedMessage( MessageBuilder const& builder );
++        ScopedMessage( ScopedMessage& duplicate ) = delete;
++        ScopedMessage( ScopedMessage&& old );
+         ~ScopedMessage();
+ 
+         MessageInfo m_info;
++        bool m_moved;
+     };
+ 
+-} // end namespace Catch
+-
+-// end catch_message.h
+-// start catch_interfaces_capture.h
+-
+-#include <string>
+-
+-namespace Catch {
+-
+-    class AssertionResult;
+-    struct AssertionInfo;
+-    struct SectionInfo;
+-    struct SectionEndInfo;
+-    struct MessageInfo;
+-    struct Counts;
+-    struct BenchmarkInfo;
+-    struct BenchmarkStats;
+-
+-    struct IResultCapture {
+-
+-        virtual ~IResultCapture();
+-
+-        virtual void assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& info ) = 0;
+-        virtual void assertionEnded( AssertionResult const& result ) = 0;
+-        virtual bool sectionStarted(    SectionInfo const& sectionInfo,
+-                                        Counts& assertions ) = 0;
+-        virtual void sectionEnded( SectionEndInfo const& endInfo ) = 0;
+-        virtual void sectionEndedEarly( SectionEndInfo const& endInfo ) = 0;
+-
+-        virtual void benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& info ) = 0;
+-        virtual void benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats const& stats ) = 0;
+-
+-        virtual void pushScopedMessage( MessageInfo const& message ) = 0;
+-        virtual void popScopedMessage( MessageInfo const& message ) = 0;
++    class Capturer {
++        std::vector<MessageInfo> m_messages;
++        IResultCapture& m_resultCapture = getResultCapture();
++        size_t m_captured = 0;
++    public:
++        Capturer( StringRef macroName, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo, ResultWas::OfType resultType, StringRef names );
++        ~Capturer();
+ 
+-        virtual std::string getCurrentTestName() const = 0;
+-        virtual const AssertionResult* getLastResult() const = 0;
++        void captureValue( size_t index, std::string const& value );
+ 
+-        virtual void exceptionEarlyReported() = 0;
+-
+-        virtual void handleFatalErrorCondition( StringRef message ) = 0;
++        template<typename T>
++        void captureValues( size_t index, T const& value ) {
++            captureValue( index, Catch::Detail::stringify( value ) );
++        }
+ 
+-        virtual bool lastAssertionPassed() = 0;
+-        virtual void assertionPassed() = 0;
+-        virtual void assertionRun() = 0;
++        template<typename T, typename... Ts>
++        void captureValues( size_t index, T const& value, Ts const&... values ) {
++            captureValue( index, Catch::Detail::stringify(value) );
++            captureValues( index+1, values... );
++        }
+     };
+ 
+-    IResultCapture& getResultCapture();
+-}
+-
+-// end catch_interfaces_capture.h
+-// start catch_debugger.h
+-
+-namespace Catch {
+-    bool isDebuggerActive();
+-}
+-
+-#ifdef CATCH_PLATFORM_MAC
+-
+-    #define CATCH_TRAP() __asm__("int $3\n" : : ) /* NOLINT */
+-
+-#elif defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_LINUX)
+-    // If we can use inline assembler, do it because this allows us to break
+-    // directly at the location of the failing check instead of breaking inside
+-    // raise() called from it, i.e. one stack frame below.
+-    #if defined(__GNUC__) && (defined(__i386) || defined(__x86_64))
+-        #define CATCH_TRAP() asm volatile ("int $3") /* NOLINT */
+-    #else // Fall back to the generic way.
+-        #include <signal.h>
+-
+-        #define CATCH_TRAP() raise(SIGTRAP)
+-    #endif
+-#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+-    #define CATCH_TRAP() __debugbreak()
+-#elif defined(__MINGW32__)
+-    extern "C" __declspec(dllimport) void __stdcall DebugBreak();
+-    #define CATCH_TRAP() DebugBreak()
+-#endif
+-
+-#ifdef CATCH_TRAP
+-    #define CATCH_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() if( Catch::isDebuggerActive() ) { CATCH_TRAP(); }
+-#else
+-    #define CATCH_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() Catch::alwaysTrue();
+-#endif
++} // end namespace Catch
+ 
+-// end catch_debugger.h
++// end catch_message.h
+ #if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+ 
+ #if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_STRINGIFICATION)
+@@ -1403,50 +2682,36 @@
+   #define CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(...) "Disabled by CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_STRINGIFICATION"
+ #endif
+ 
+-#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_FAST_COMPILE)
+-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+-// We can speedup compilation significantly by breaking into debugger lower in
+-// the callstack, because then we don't have to expand CATCH_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER
+-// macro in each assertion
+-#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REACT( handler ) \
+-    handler.reactWithDebugBreak();
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_FAST_COMPILE) || defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+ 
+ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+ // Another way to speed-up compilation is to omit local try-catch for REQUIRE*
+ // macros.
+-// This can potentially cause false negative, if the test code catches
+-// the exception before it propagates back up to the runner.
+-#define INTERNAL_CATCH_TRY( capturer ) capturer.setExceptionGuard();
+-#define INTERNAL_CATCH_CATCH( capturer ) capturer.unsetExceptionGuard();
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_TRY
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_CATCH( capturer )
+ 
+ #else // CATCH_CONFIG_FAST_COMPILE
+ 
+-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+-// In the event of a failure works out if the debugger needs to be invoked
+-// and/or an exception thrown and takes appropriate action.
+-// This needs to be done as a macro so the debugger will stop in the user
+-// source code rather than in Catch library code
+-#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REACT( handler ) \
+-    if( handler.shouldDebugBreak() ) CATCH_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER(); \
+-    handler.reactWithoutDebugBreak();
+-
+-#define INTERNAL_CATCH_TRY( capturer ) try
+-#define INTERNAL_CATCH_CATCH( capturer ) catch(...) { capturer.useActiveException(); }
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_TRY try
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_CATCH( handler ) catch(...) { handler.handleUnexpectedInflightException(); }
+ 
+ #endif
+ 
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REACT( handler ) handler.complete();
++
+ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+ #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( macroName, resultDisposition, ... ) \
+     do { \
+-        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(__VA_ARGS__), resultDisposition ); \
+-        INTERNAL_CATCH_TRY( catchAssertionHandler ) { \
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_IGNORE_BUT_WARN(__VA_ARGS__); \
++        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(__VA_ARGS__), resultDisposition ); \
++        INTERNAL_CATCH_TRY { \
++            CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+             CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PARENTHESES_WARNINGS \
+-            catchAssertionHandler.handle( Catch::Decomposer() <= __VA_ARGS__ ); \
+-            CATCH_INTERNAL_UNSUPPRESS_PARENTHESES_WARNINGS \
++            catchAssertionHandler.handleExpr( Catch::Decomposer() <= __VA_ARGS__ ); \
++            CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+         } INTERNAL_CATCH_CATCH( catchAssertionHandler ) \
+         INTERNAL_CATCH_REACT( catchAssertionHandler ) \
+-    } while( Catch::isTrue( false && static_cast<bool>( !!(__VA_ARGS__) ) ) ) // the expression here is never evaluated at runtime but it forces the compiler to give it a look
+-    // The double negation silences MSVC's C4800 warning, the static_cast forces short-circuit evaluation if the type has overloaded &&.
++    } while( (void)0, (false) && static_cast<bool>( !!(__VA_ARGS__) ) )
+ 
+ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+ #define INTERNAL_CATCH_IF( macroName, resultDisposition, ... ) \
+@@ -1461,83 +2726,92 @@
+ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+ #define INTERNAL_CATCH_NO_THROW( macroName, resultDisposition, ... ) \
+     do { \
+-        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(__VA_ARGS__), resultDisposition ); \
++        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(__VA_ARGS__), resultDisposition ); \
+         try { \
+             static_cast<void>(__VA_ARGS__); \
+-            catchAssertionHandler.handle( Catch::ResultWas::Ok ); \
++            catchAssertionHandler.handleExceptionNotThrownAsExpected(); \
+         } \
+         catch( ... ) { \
+-            catchAssertionHandler.useActiveException(); \
++            catchAssertionHandler.handleUnexpectedInflightException(); \
+         } \
+         INTERNAL_CATCH_REACT( catchAssertionHandler ) \
+-    } while( Catch::alwaysFalse() )
++    } while( false )
+ 
+ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+ #define INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS( macroName, resultDisposition, ... ) \
+     do { \
+-        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(__VA_ARGS__), resultDisposition); \
++        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(__VA_ARGS__), resultDisposition); \
+         if( catchAssertionHandler.allowThrows() ) \
+             try { \
+                 static_cast<void>(__VA_ARGS__); \
+-                catchAssertionHandler.handle( Catch::ResultWas::DidntThrowException ); \
++                catchAssertionHandler.handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown(); \
+             } \
+             catch( ... ) { \
+-                catchAssertionHandler.handle( Catch::ResultWas::Ok ); \
++                catchAssertionHandler.handleExceptionThrownAsExpected(); \
+             } \
+         else \
+-            catchAssertionHandler.handle( Catch::ResultWas::Ok ); \
++            catchAssertionHandler.handleThrowingCallSkipped(); \
+         INTERNAL_CATCH_REACT( catchAssertionHandler ) \
+-    } while( Catch::alwaysFalse() )
++    } while( false )
+ 
+ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+ #define INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_AS( macroName, exceptionType, resultDisposition, expr ) \
+     do { \
+-        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(expr) ", " CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(exceptionType), resultDisposition ); \
++        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(expr) ", " CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(exceptionType), resultDisposition ); \
+         if( catchAssertionHandler.allowThrows() ) \
+             try { \
+                 static_cast<void>(expr); \
+-                catchAssertionHandler.handle( Catch::ResultWas::DidntThrowException ); \
++                catchAssertionHandler.handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown(); \
+             } \
+             catch( exceptionType const& ) { \
+-                catchAssertionHandler.handle( Catch::ResultWas::Ok ); \
++                catchAssertionHandler.handleExceptionThrownAsExpected(); \
+             } \
+             catch( ... ) { \
+-                catchAssertionHandler.useActiveException(); \
++                catchAssertionHandler.handleUnexpectedInflightException(); \
+             } \
+         else \
+-            catchAssertionHandler.handle( Catch::ResultWas::Ok ); \
++            catchAssertionHandler.handleThrowingCallSkipped(); \
+         INTERNAL_CATCH_REACT( catchAssertionHandler ) \
+-    } while( Catch::alwaysFalse() )
++    } while( false )
+ 
+ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+ #define INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( macroName, messageType, resultDisposition, ... ) \
+     do { \
+-        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, "", resultDisposition ); \
+-        catchAssertionHandler.handle( messageType, ( Catch::MessageStream() << __VA_ARGS__ + ::Catch::StreamEndStop() ).m_stream.str() ); \
++        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::StringRef(), resultDisposition ); \
++        catchAssertionHandler.handleMessage( messageType, ( Catch::MessageStream() << __VA_ARGS__ + ::Catch::StreamEndStop() ).m_stream.str() ); \
+         INTERNAL_CATCH_REACT( catchAssertionHandler ) \
+-    } while( Catch::alwaysFalse() )
++    } while( false )
++
++///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_CAPTURE( varName, macroName, ... ) \
++    auto varName = Catch::Capturer( macroName, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::ResultWas::Info, #__VA_ARGS__ ); \
++    varName.captureValues( 0, __VA_ARGS__ )
+ 
+ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+ #define INTERNAL_CATCH_INFO( macroName, log ) \
+-    Catch::ScopedMessage INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( scopedMessage ) = Catch::MessageBuilder( macroName, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::ResultWas::Info ) << log;
++    Catch::ScopedMessage INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( scopedMessage )( Catch::MessageBuilder( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::ResultWas::Info ) << log );
++
++///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_UNSCOPED_INFO( macroName, log ) \
++    Catch::getResultCapture().emplaceUnscopedMessage( Catch::MessageBuilder( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::ResultWas::Info ) << log )
+ 
+ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+ // Although this is matcher-based, it can be used with just a string
+ #define INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_STR_MATCHES( macroName, resultDisposition, matcher, ... ) \
+     do { \
+-        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(__VA_ARGS__) ", " CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(matcher), resultDisposition ); \
++        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(__VA_ARGS__) ", " CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(matcher), resultDisposition ); \
+         if( catchAssertionHandler.allowThrows() ) \
+             try { \
+                 static_cast<void>(__VA_ARGS__); \
+-                catchAssertionHandler.handle( Catch::ResultWas::DidntThrowException ); \
++                catchAssertionHandler.handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown(); \
+             } \
+             catch( ... ) { \
+-                handleExceptionMatchExpr( catchAssertionHandler, matcher, #matcher ); \
++                Catch::handleExceptionMatchExpr( catchAssertionHandler, matcher, #matcher##_catch_sr ); \
+             } \
+         else \
+-            catchAssertionHandler.handle( Catch::ResultWas::Ok ); \
++            catchAssertionHandler.handleThrowingCallSkipped(); \
+         INTERNAL_CATCH_REACT( catchAssertionHandler ) \
+-    } while( Catch::alwaysFalse() )
++    } while( false )
+ 
+ #endif // CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE
+ 
+@@ -1572,6 +2846,7 @@
+ 
+         Totals delta( Totals const& prevTotals ) const;
+ 
++        int error = 0;
+         Counts assertions;
+         Counts testCases;
+     };
+@@ -1585,17 +2860,20 @@
+     struct SectionInfo {
+         SectionInfo
+             (   SourceLineInfo const& _lineInfo,
++                std::string const& _name );
++
++        // Deprecated
++        SectionInfo
++            (   SourceLineInfo const& _lineInfo,
+                 std::string const& _name,
+-                std::string const& _description = std::string() );
++                std::string const& ) : SectionInfo( _lineInfo, _name ) {}
+ 
+         std::string name;
+-        std::string description;
++        std::string description; // !Deprecated: this will always be empty
+         SourceLineInfo lineInfo;
+     };
+ 
+     struct SectionEndInfo {
+-        SectionEndInfo( SectionInfo const& _sectionInfo, Counts const& _prevAssertions, double _durationInSeconds );
+-
+         SectionInfo sectionInfo;
+         Counts prevAssertions;
+         double durationInSeconds;
+@@ -1617,8 +2895,8 @@
+         uint64_t m_nanoseconds = 0;
+     public:
+         void start();
+-        auto getElapsedNanoseconds() const -> unsigned int;
+-        auto getElapsedMicroseconds() const -> unsigned int;
++        auto getElapsedNanoseconds() const -> uint64_t;
++        auto getElapsedMicroseconds() const -> uint64_t;
+         auto getElapsedMilliseconds() const -> unsigned int;
+         auto getElapsedSeconds() const -> double;
+     };
+@@ -1649,56 +2927,19 @@
+ 
+ } // end namespace Catch
+ 
+-    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_SECTION( ... ) \
+-        if( Catch::Section const& INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( catch_internal_Section ) = Catch::SectionInfo( CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_SECTION( ... ) \
++    CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
++    CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_WARNINGS \
++    if( Catch::Section const& INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( catch_internal_Section ) = Catch::SectionInfo( CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, __VA_ARGS__ ) ) \
++    CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
++
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( ... ) \
++    CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
++    CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_WARNINGS \
++    if( Catch::Section const& INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( catch_internal_Section ) = Catch::SectionInfo( CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, (Catch::ReusableStringStream() << __VA_ARGS__).str() ) ) \
++    CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+ 
+ // end catch_section.h
+-// start catch_benchmark.h
+-
+-#include <cstdint>
+-#include <string>
+-
+-namespace Catch {
+-
+-    class BenchmarkLooper {
+-
+-        std::string m_name;
+-        std::size_t m_count = 0;
+-        std::size_t m_iterationsToRun = 1;
+-        uint64_t m_resolution;
+-        Timer m_timer;
+-
+-        static auto getResolution() -> uint64_t;
+-    public:
+-        // Keep most of this inline as it's on the code path that is being timed
+-        BenchmarkLooper( StringRef name )
+-        :   m_name( name ),
+-            m_resolution( getResolution() )
+-        {
+-            reportStart();
+-            m_timer.start();
+-        }
+-
+-        explicit operator bool() {
+-            if( m_count < m_iterationsToRun )
+-                return true;
+-            return needsMoreIterations();
+-        }
+-
+-        void increment() {
+-            ++m_count;
+-        }
+-
+-        void reportStart();
+-        auto needsMoreIterations() -> bool;
+-    };
+-
+-} // end namespace Catch
+-
+-#define BENCHMARK( name ) \
+-    for( Catch::BenchmarkLooper looper( name ); looper; looper.increment() )
+-
+-// end catch_benchmark.h
+ // start catch_interfaces_exception.h
+ 
+ // start catch_interfaces_registry_hub.h
+@@ -1715,6 +2956,8 @@
+     struct IReporterRegistry;
+     struct IReporterFactory;
+     struct ITagAliasRegistry;
++    struct IMutableEnumValuesRegistry;
++
+     class StartupExceptionRegistry;
+ 
+     using IReporterFactoryPtr = std::shared_ptr<IReporterFactory>;
+@@ -1725,8 +2968,7 @@
+         virtual IReporterRegistry const& getReporterRegistry() const = 0;
+         virtual ITestCaseRegistry const& getTestCaseRegistry() const = 0;
+         virtual ITagAliasRegistry const& getTagAliasRegistry() const = 0;
+-
+-        virtual IExceptionTranslatorRegistry& getExceptionTranslatorRegistry() = 0;
++        virtual IExceptionTranslatorRegistry const& getExceptionTranslatorRegistry() const = 0;
+ 
+         virtual StartupExceptionRegistry const& getStartupExceptionRegistry() const = 0;
+     };
+@@ -1739,9 +2981,10 @@
+         virtual void registerTranslator( const IExceptionTranslator* translator ) = 0;
+         virtual void registerTagAlias( std::string const& alias, std::string const& tag, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo ) = 0;
+         virtual void registerStartupException() noexcept = 0;
++        virtual IMutableEnumValuesRegistry& getMutableEnumValuesRegistry() = 0;
+     };
+ 
+-    IRegistryHub& getRegistryHub();
++    IRegistryHub const& getRegistryHub();
+     IMutableRegistryHub& getMutableRegistryHub();
+     void cleanUp();
+     std::string translateActiveException();
+@@ -1785,6 +3028,9 @@
+             {}
+ 
+             std::string translate( ExceptionTranslators::const_iterator it, ExceptionTranslators::const_iterator itEnd ) const override {
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
++                return "";
++#else
+                 try {
+                     if( it == itEnd )
+                         std::rethrow_exception(std::current_exception());
+@@ -1794,6 +3040,7 @@
+                 catch( T& ex ) {
+                     return m_translateFunction( ex );
+                 }
++#endif
+             }
+ 
+         protected:
+@@ -1812,7 +3059,10 @@
+ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+ #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION2( translatorName, signature ) \
+     static std::string translatorName( signature ); \
+-    namespace{ Catch::ExceptionTranslatorRegistrar INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( catch_internal_ExceptionRegistrar )( &translatorName ); }\
++    CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
++    CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
++    namespace{ Catch::ExceptionTranslatorRegistrar INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( catch_internal_ExceptionRegistrar )( &translatorName ); } \
++    CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+     static std::string translatorName( signature )
+ 
+ #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION( signature ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( catch_internal_ExceptionTranslator ), signature )
+@@ -1820,21 +3070,6 @@
+ // end catch_interfaces_exception.h
+ // start catch_approx.h
+ 
+-// start catch_enforce.h
+-
+-#include <sstream>
+-#include <stdexcept>
+-
+-#define CATCH_PREPARE_EXCEPTION( type, msg ) \
+-    type( static_cast<std::ostringstream&&>( std::ostringstream() << msg ).str() )
+-#define CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR( msg ) \
+-    throw CATCH_PREPARE_EXCEPTION( std::logic_error, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO << ": Internal Catch error: " << msg);
+-#define CATCH_ERROR( msg ) \
+-    throw CATCH_PREPARE_EXCEPTION( std::domain_error, msg )
+-#define CATCH_ENFORCE( condition, msg ) \
+-    do{ if( !(condition) ) CATCH_ERROR( msg ); } while(false)
+-
+-// end catch_enforce.h
+ #include <type_traits>
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+@@ -1843,18 +3078,26 @@
+     class Approx {
+     private:
+         bool equalityComparisonImpl(double other) const;
++        // Validates the new margin (margin >= 0)
++        // out-of-line to avoid including stdexcept in the header
++        void setMargin(double margin);
++        // Validates the new epsilon (0 < epsilon < 1)
++        // out-of-line to avoid including stdexcept in the header
++        void setEpsilon(double epsilon);
+ 
+     public:
+         explicit Approx ( double value );
+ 
+         static Approx custom();
+ 
++        Approx operator-() const;
++
+         template <typename T, typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>::type>
+-        Approx operator()( T const& value ) {
++        Approx operator()( T const& value ) const {
+             Approx approx( static_cast<double>(value) );
+-            approx.epsilon( m_epsilon );
+-            approx.margin( m_margin );
+-            approx.scale( m_scale );
++            approx.m_epsilon = m_epsilon;
++            approx.m_margin = m_margin;
++            approx.m_scale = m_scale;
+             return approx;
+         }
+ 
+@@ -1906,20 +3149,14 @@
+         template <typename T, typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>::type>
+         Approx& epsilon( T const& newEpsilon ) {
+             double epsilonAsDouble = static_cast<double>(newEpsilon);
+-            CATCH_ENFORCE(epsilonAsDouble >= 0 && epsilonAsDouble <= 1.0,
+-                          "Invalid Approx::epsilon: " << epsilonAsDouble
+-                          << ", Approx::epsilon has to be between 0 and 1");
+-            m_epsilon = epsilonAsDouble;
++            setEpsilon(epsilonAsDouble);
+             return *this;
+         }
+ 
+         template <typename T, typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>::type>
+         Approx& margin( T const& newMargin ) {
+             double marginAsDouble = static_cast<double>(newMargin);
+-            CATCH_ENFORCE(marginAsDouble >= 0,
+-                          "Invalid Approx::margin: " << marginAsDouble
+-                          << ", Approx::Margin has to be non-negative.");
+-            m_margin = marginAsDouble;
++            setMargin(marginAsDouble);
+             return *this;
+         }
+ 
+@@ -1937,7 +3174,12 @@
+         double m_scale;
+         double m_value;
+     };
+-}
++} // end namespace Detail
++
++namespace literals {
++    Detail::Approx operator "" _a(long double val);
++    Detail::Approx operator "" _a(unsigned long long val);
++} // end namespace literals
+ 
+ template<>
+ struct StringMaker<Catch::Detail::Approx> {
+@@ -1951,6 +3193,7 @@
+ 
+ #include <string>
+ #include <iosfwd>
++#include <vector>
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+@@ -1961,7 +3204,13 @@
+     bool contains( std::string const& s, std::string const& infix );
+     void toLowerInPlace( std::string& s );
+     std::string toLower( std::string const& s );
++    //! Returns a new string without whitespace at the start/end
+     std::string trim( std::string const& str );
++    //! Returns a substring of the original ref without whitespace. Beware lifetimes!
++    StringRef trim(StringRef ref);
++
++    // !!! Be aware, returns refs into original string - make sure original string outlives them
++    std::vector<StringRef> splitStringRef( StringRef str, char delimiter );
+     bool replaceInPlace( std::string& str, std::string const& replaceThis, std::string const& withThis );
+ 
+     struct pluralise {
+@@ -2004,21 +3253,35 @@
+             mutable std::string m_cachedToString;
+         };
+ 
++#ifdef __clang__
++#    pragma clang diagnostic push
++#    pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wnon-virtual-dtor"
++#endif
++
+         template<typename ObjectT>
+         struct MatcherMethod {
+             virtual bool match( ObjectT const& arg ) const = 0;
+         };
+-        template<typename PtrT>
+-        struct MatcherMethod<PtrT*> {
+-            virtual bool match( PtrT* arg ) const = 0;
++
++#if defined(__OBJC__)
++        // Hack to fix Catch GH issue #1661. Could use id for generic Object support.
++        // use of const for Object pointers is very uncommon and under ARC it causes some kind of signature mismatch that breaks compilation
++        template<>
++        struct MatcherMethod<NSString*> {
++            virtual bool match( NSString* arg ) const = 0;
+         };
++#endif
+ 
+-        template<typename ObjectT, typename ComparatorT = ObjectT>
+-        struct MatcherBase : MatcherUntypedBase, MatcherMethod<ObjectT> {
++#ifdef __clang__
++#    pragma clang diagnostic pop
++#endif
+ 
+-            MatchAllOf<ComparatorT> operator && ( MatcherBase const& other ) const;
+-            MatchAnyOf<ComparatorT> operator || ( MatcherBase const& other ) const;
+-            MatchNotOf<ComparatorT> operator ! () const;
++        template<typename T>
++        struct MatcherBase : MatcherUntypedBase, MatcherMethod<T> {
++
++            MatchAllOf<T> operator && ( MatcherBase const& other ) const;
++            MatchAnyOf<T> operator || ( MatcherBase const& other ) const;
++            MatchNotOf<T> operator ! () const;
+         };
+ 
+         template<typename ArgT>
+@@ -2046,9 +3309,10 @@
+                 return description;
+             }
+ 
+-            MatchAllOf<ArgT>& operator && ( MatcherBase<ArgT> const& other ) {
+-                m_matchers.push_back( &other );
+-                return *this;
++            MatchAllOf<ArgT> operator && ( MatcherBase<ArgT> const& other ) {
++                auto copy(*this);
++                copy.m_matchers.push_back( &other );
++                return copy;
+             }
+ 
+             std::vector<MatcherBase<ArgT> const*> m_matchers;
+@@ -2079,9 +3343,10 @@
+                 return description;
+             }
+ 
+-            MatchAnyOf<ArgT>& operator || ( MatcherBase<ArgT> const& other ) {
+-                m_matchers.push_back( &other );
+-                return *this;
++            MatchAnyOf<ArgT> operator || ( MatcherBase<ArgT> const& other ) {
++                auto copy(*this);
++                copy.m_matchers.push_back( &other );
++                return copy;
+             }
+ 
+             std::vector<MatcherBase<ArgT> const*> m_matchers;
+@@ -2102,17 +3367,17 @@
+             MatcherBase<ArgT> const& m_underlyingMatcher;
+         };
+ 
+-        template<typename ObjectT, typename ComparatorT>
+-        MatchAllOf<ComparatorT> MatcherBase<ObjectT, ComparatorT>::operator && ( MatcherBase const& other ) const {
+-            return MatchAllOf<ComparatorT>() && *this && other;
+-        }
+-        template<typename ObjectT, typename ComparatorT>
+-        MatchAnyOf<ComparatorT> MatcherBase<ObjectT, ComparatorT>::operator || ( MatcherBase const& other ) const {
+-            return MatchAnyOf<ComparatorT>() || *this || other;
+-        }
+-        template<typename ObjectT, typename ComparatorT>
+-        MatchNotOf<ComparatorT> MatcherBase<ObjectT, ComparatorT>::operator ! () const {
+-            return MatchNotOf<ComparatorT>( *this );
++        template<typename T>
++        MatchAllOf<T> MatcherBase<T>::operator && ( MatcherBase const& other ) const {
++            return MatchAllOf<T>() && *this && other;
++        }
++        template<typename T>
++        MatchAnyOf<T> MatcherBase<T>::operator || ( MatcherBase const& other ) const {
++            return MatchAnyOf<T>() || *this || other;
++        }
++        template<typename T>
++        MatchNotOf<T> MatcherBase<T>::operator ! () const {
++            return MatchNotOf<T>( *this );
+         }
+ 
+     } // namespace Impl
+@@ -2125,6 +3390,142 @@
+ } // namespace Catch
+ 
+ // end catch_matchers.h
++// start catch_matchers_exception.hpp
++
++namespace Catch {
++namespace Matchers {
++namespace Exception {
++
++class ExceptionMessageMatcher : public MatcherBase<std::exception> {
++    std::string m_message;
++public:
++
++    ExceptionMessageMatcher(std::string const& message):
++        m_message(message)
++    {}
++
++    bool match(std::exception const& ex) const override;
++
++    std::string describe() const override;
++};
++
++} // namespace Exception
++
++Exception::ExceptionMessageMatcher Message(std::string const& message);
++
++} // namespace Matchers
++} // namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_matchers_exception.hpp
++// start catch_matchers_floating.h
++
++namespace Catch {
++namespace Matchers {
++
++    namespace Floating {
++
++        enum class FloatingPointKind : uint8_t;
++
++        struct WithinAbsMatcher : MatcherBase<double> {
++            WithinAbsMatcher(double target, double margin);
++            bool match(double const& matchee) const override;
++            std::string describe() const override;
++        private:
++            double m_target;
++            double m_margin;
++        };
++
++        struct WithinUlpsMatcher : MatcherBase<double> {
++            WithinUlpsMatcher(double target, uint64_t ulps, FloatingPointKind baseType);
++            bool match(double const& matchee) const override;
++            std::string describe() const override;
++        private:
++            double m_target;
++            uint64_t m_ulps;
++            FloatingPointKind m_type;
++        };
++
++        // Given IEEE-754 format for floats and doubles, we can assume
++        // that float -> double promotion is lossless. Given this, we can
++        // assume that if we do the standard relative comparison of
++        // |lhs - rhs| <= epsilon * max(fabs(lhs), fabs(rhs)), then we get
++        // the same result if we do this for floats, as if we do this for
++        // doubles that were promoted from floats.
++        struct WithinRelMatcher : MatcherBase<double> {
++            WithinRelMatcher(double target, double epsilon);
++            bool match(double const& matchee) const override;
++            std::string describe() const override;
++        private:
++            double m_target;
++            double m_epsilon;
++        };
++
++    } // namespace Floating
++
++    // The following functions create the actual matcher objects.
++    // This allows the types to be inferred
++    Floating::WithinUlpsMatcher WithinULP(double target, uint64_t maxUlpDiff);
++    Floating::WithinUlpsMatcher WithinULP(float target, uint64_t maxUlpDiff);
++    Floating::WithinAbsMatcher WithinAbs(double target, double margin);
++    Floating::WithinRelMatcher WithinRel(double target, double eps);
++    // defaults epsilon to 100*numeric_limits<double>::epsilon()
++    Floating::WithinRelMatcher WithinRel(double target);
++    Floating::WithinRelMatcher WithinRel(float target, float eps);
++    // defaults epsilon to 100*numeric_limits<float>::epsilon()
++    Floating::WithinRelMatcher WithinRel(float target);
++
++} // namespace Matchers
++} // namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_matchers_floating.h
++// start catch_matchers_generic.hpp
++
++#include <functional>
++#include <string>
++
++namespace Catch {
++namespace Matchers {
++namespace Generic {
++
++namespace Detail {
++    std::string finalizeDescription(const std::string& desc);
++}
++
++template <typename T>
++class PredicateMatcher : public MatcherBase<T> {
++    std::function<bool(T const&)> m_predicate;
++    std::string m_description;
++public:
++
++    PredicateMatcher(std::function<bool(T const&)> const& elem, std::string const& descr)
++        :m_predicate(std::move(elem)),
++        m_description(Detail::finalizeDescription(descr))
++    {}
++
++    bool match( T const& item ) const override {
++        return m_predicate(item);
++    }
++
++    std::string describe() const override {
++        return m_description;
++    }
++};
++
++} // namespace Generic
++
++    // The following functions create the actual matcher objects.
++    // The user has to explicitly specify type to the function, because
++    // inferring std::function<bool(T const&)> is hard (but possible) and
++    // requires a lot of TMP.
++    template<typename T>
++    Generic::PredicateMatcher<T> Predicate(std::function<bool(T const&)> const& predicate, std::string const& description = "") {
++        return Generic::PredicateMatcher<T>(predicate, description);
++    }
++
++} // namespace Matchers
++} // namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_matchers_generic.hpp
+ // start catch_matchers_string.h
+ 
+ #include <string>
+@@ -2169,6 +3570,16 @@
+             bool match( std::string const& source ) const override;
+         };
+ 
++        struct RegexMatcher : MatcherBase<std::string> {
++            RegexMatcher( std::string regex, CaseSensitive::Choice caseSensitivity );
++            bool match( std::string const& matchee ) const override;
++            std::string describe() const override;
++
++        private:
++            std::string m_regex;
++            CaseSensitive::Choice m_caseSensitivity;
++        };
++
+     } // namespace StdString
+ 
+     // The following functions create the actual matcher objects.
+@@ -2178,6 +3589,7 @@
+     StdString::ContainsMatcher Contains( std::string const& str, CaseSensitive::Choice caseSensitivity = CaseSensitive::Yes );
+     StdString::EndsWithMatcher EndsWith( std::string const& str, CaseSensitive::Choice caseSensitivity = CaseSensitive::Yes );
+     StdString::StartsWithMatcher StartsWith( std::string const& str, CaseSensitive::Choice caseSensitivity = CaseSensitive::Yes );
++    StdString::RegexMatcher Matches( std::string const& regex, CaseSensitive::Choice caseSensitivity = CaseSensitive::Yes );
+ 
+ } // namespace Matchers
+ } // namespace Catch
+@@ -2185,17 +3597,18 @@
+ // end catch_matchers_string.h
+ // start catch_matchers_vector.h
+ 
++#include <algorithm>
++
+ namespace Catch {
+ namespace Matchers {
+ 
+     namespace Vector {
+-
+-        template<typename T>
+-        struct ContainsElementMatcher : MatcherBase<std::vector<T>, T> {
++        template<typename T, typename Alloc>
++        struct ContainsElementMatcher : MatcherBase<std::vector<T, Alloc>> {
+ 
+             ContainsElementMatcher(T const &comparator) : m_comparator( comparator) {}
+ 
+-            bool match(std::vector<T> const &v) const override {
++            bool match(std::vector<T, Alloc> const &v) const override {
+                 for (auto const& el : v) {
+                     if (el == m_comparator) {
+                         return true;
+@@ -2211,12 +3624,12 @@
+             T const& m_comparator;
+         };
+ 
+-        template<typename T>
+-        struct ContainsMatcher : MatcherBase<std::vector<T>, std::vector<T> > {
++        template<typename T, typename AllocComp, typename AllocMatch>
++        struct ContainsMatcher : MatcherBase<std::vector<T, AllocMatch>> {
+ 
+-            ContainsMatcher(std::vector<T> const &comparator) : m_comparator( comparator ) {}
++            ContainsMatcher(std::vector<T, AllocComp> const &comparator) : m_comparator( comparator ) {}
+ 
+-            bool match(std::vector<T> const &v) const override {
++            bool match(std::vector<T, AllocMatch> const &v) const override {
+                 // !TBD: see note in EqualsMatcher
+                 if (m_comparator.size() > v.size())
+                     return false;
+@@ -2238,18 +3651,18 @@
+                 return "Contains: " + ::Catch::Detail::stringify( m_comparator );
+             }
+ 
+-            std::vector<T> const& m_comparator;
++            std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& m_comparator;
+         };
+ 
+-        template<typename T>
+-        struct EqualsMatcher : MatcherBase<std::vector<T>, std::vector<T> > {
++        template<typename T, typename AllocComp, typename AllocMatch>
++        struct EqualsMatcher : MatcherBase<std::vector<T, AllocMatch>> {
+ 
+-            EqualsMatcher(std::vector<T> const &comparator) : m_comparator( comparator ) {}
++            EqualsMatcher(std::vector<T, AllocComp> const &comparator) : m_comparator( comparator ) {}
+ 
+-            bool match(std::vector<T> const &v) const override {
++            bool match(std::vector<T, AllocMatch> const &v) const override {
+                 // !TBD: This currently works if all elements can be compared using !=
+                 // - a more general approach would be via a compare template that defaults
+-                // to using !=. but could be specialised for, e.g. std::vector<T> etc
++                // to using !=. but could be specialised for, e.g. std::vector<T, Alloc> etc
+                 // - then just call that directly
+                 if (m_comparator.size() != v.size())
+                     return false;
+@@ -2261,7 +3674,60 @@
+             std::string describe() const override {
+                 return "Equals: " + ::Catch::Detail::stringify( m_comparator );
+             }
+-            std::vector<T> const& m_comparator;
++            std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& m_comparator;
++        };
++
++        template<typename T, typename AllocComp, typename AllocMatch>
++        struct ApproxMatcher : MatcherBase<std::vector<T, AllocMatch>> {
++
++            ApproxMatcher(std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& comparator) : m_comparator( comparator ) {}
++
++            bool match(std::vector<T, AllocMatch> const &v) const override {
++                if (m_comparator.size() != v.size())
++                    return false;
++                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i)
++                    if (m_comparator[i] != approx(v[i]))
++                        return false;
++                return true;
++            }
++            std::string describe() const override {
++                return "is approx: " + ::Catch::Detail::stringify( m_comparator );
++            }
++            template <typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>::type>
++            ApproxMatcher& epsilon( T const& newEpsilon ) {
++                approx.epsilon(newEpsilon);
++                return *this;
++            }
++            template <typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>::type>
++            ApproxMatcher& margin( T const& newMargin ) {
++                approx.margin(newMargin);
++                return *this;
++            }
++            template <typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>::type>
++            ApproxMatcher& scale( T const& newScale ) {
++                approx.scale(newScale);
++                return *this;
++            }
++
++            std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& m_comparator;
++            mutable Catch::Detail::Approx approx = Catch::Detail::Approx::custom();
++        };
++
++        template<typename T, typename AllocComp, typename AllocMatch>
++        struct UnorderedEqualsMatcher : MatcherBase<std::vector<T, AllocMatch>> {
++            UnorderedEqualsMatcher(std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& target) : m_target(target) {}
++            bool match(std::vector<T, AllocMatch> const& vec) const override {
++                if (m_target.size() != vec.size()) {
++                    return false;
++                }
++                return std::is_permutation(m_target.begin(), m_target.end(), vec.begin());
++            }
++
++            std::string describe() const override {
++                return "UnorderedEquals: " + ::Catch::Detail::stringify(m_target);
++            }
++        private:
++            std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& m_target;
+         };
+ 
+     } // namespace Vector
+@@ -2269,19 +3735,29 @@
+     // The following functions create the actual matcher objects.
+     // This allows the types to be inferred
+ 
+-    template<typename T>
+-    Vector::ContainsMatcher<T> Contains( std::vector<T> const& comparator ) {
+-        return Vector::ContainsMatcher<T>( comparator );
++    template<typename T, typename AllocComp = std::allocator<T>, typename AllocMatch = AllocComp>
++    Vector::ContainsMatcher<T, AllocComp, AllocMatch> Contains( std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& comparator ) {
++        return Vector::ContainsMatcher<T, AllocComp, AllocMatch>( comparator );
+     }
+ 
+-    template<typename T>
+-    Vector::ContainsElementMatcher<T> VectorContains( T const& comparator ) {
+-        return Vector::ContainsElementMatcher<T>( comparator );
++    template<typename T, typename Alloc = std::allocator<T>>
++    Vector::ContainsElementMatcher<T, Alloc> VectorContains( T const& comparator ) {
++        return Vector::ContainsElementMatcher<T, Alloc>( comparator );
+     }
+ 
+-    template<typename T>
+-    Vector::EqualsMatcher<T> Equals( std::vector<T> const& comparator ) {
+-        return Vector::EqualsMatcher<T>( comparator );
++    template<typename T, typename AllocComp = std::allocator<T>, typename AllocMatch = AllocComp>
++    Vector::EqualsMatcher<T, AllocComp, AllocMatch> Equals( std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& comparator ) {
++        return Vector::EqualsMatcher<T, AllocComp, AllocMatch>( comparator );
++    }
++
++    template<typename T, typename AllocComp = std::allocator<T>, typename AllocMatch = AllocComp>
++    Vector::ApproxMatcher<T, AllocComp, AllocMatch> Approx( std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& comparator ) {
++        return Vector::ApproxMatcher<T, AllocComp, AllocMatch>( comparator );
++    }
++
++    template<typename T, typename AllocComp = std::allocator<T>, typename AllocMatch = AllocComp>
++    Vector::UnorderedEqualsMatcher<T, AllocComp, AllocMatch> UnorderedEquals(std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& target) {
++        return Vector::UnorderedEqualsMatcher<T, AllocComp, AllocMatch>( target );
+     }
+ 
+ } // namespace Matchers
+@@ -2295,18 +3771,14 @@
+         ArgT const& m_arg;
+         MatcherT m_matcher;
+         StringRef m_matcherString;
+-        bool m_result;
+     public:
+-        MatchExpr( ArgT const& arg, MatcherT const& matcher, StringRef matcherString )
+-        :   m_arg( arg ),
++        MatchExpr( ArgT const& arg, MatcherT const& matcher, StringRef const& matcherString )
++        :   ITransientExpression{ true, matcher.match( arg ) },
++            m_arg( arg ),
+             m_matcher( matcher ),
+-            m_matcherString( matcherString ),
+-            m_result( matcher.match( arg ) )
++            m_matcherString( matcherString )
+         {}
+ 
+-        auto isBinaryExpression() const -> bool  override { return true; }
+-        auto getResult() const -> bool override { return m_result; }
+-
+         void streamReconstructedExpression( std::ostream &os ) const override {
+             auto matcherAsString = m_matcher.toString();
+             os << Catch::Detail::stringify( m_arg ) << ' ';
+@@ -2319,10 +3791,10 @@
+ 
+     using StringMatcher = Matchers::Impl::MatcherBase<std::string>;
+ 
+-    void handleExceptionMatchExpr( AssertionHandler& handler, StringMatcher const& matcher, StringRef matcherString  );
++    void handleExceptionMatchExpr( AssertionHandler& handler, StringMatcher const& matcher, StringRef const& matcherString  );
+ 
+     template<typename ArgT, typename MatcherT>
+-    auto makeMatchExpr( ArgT const& arg, MatcherT const& matcher, StringRef matcherString  ) -> MatchExpr<ArgT, MatcherT> {
++    auto makeMatchExpr( ArgT const& arg, MatcherT const& matcher, StringRef const& matcherString  ) -> MatchExpr<ArgT, MatcherT> {
+         return MatchExpr<ArgT, MatcherT>( arg, matcher, matcherString );
+     }
+ 
+@@ -2331,35 +3803,954 @@
+ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+ #define INTERNAL_CHECK_THAT( macroName, matcher, resultDisposition, arg ) \
+     do { \
+-        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(arg) ", " CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(matcher), resultDisposition ); \
+-        INTERNAL_CATCH_TRY( catchAssertionHandler ) { \
+-            catchAssertionHandler.handle( Catch::makeMatchExpr( arg, matcher, #matcher ) ); \
++        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(arg) ", " CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(matcher), resultDisposition ); \
++        INTERNAL_CATCH_TRY { \
++            catchAssertionHandler.handleExpr( Catch::makeMatchExpr( arg, matcher, #matcher##_catch_sr ) ); \
+         } INTERNAL_CATCH_CATCH( catchAssertionHandler ) \
+         INTERNAL_CATCH_REACT( catchAssertionHandler ) \
+-    } while( Catch::alwaysFalse() )
++    } while( false )
+ 
+ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+ #define INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_MATCHES( macroName, exceptionType, resultDisposition, matcher, ... ) \
+     do { \
+-        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(__VA_ARGS__) ", " CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(exceptionType) ", " CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(matcher), resultDisposition ); \
++        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(__VA_ARGS__) ", " CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(exceptionType) ", " CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(matcher), resultDisposition ); \
+         if( catchAssertionHandler.allowThrows() ) \
+             try { \
+                 static_cast<void>(__VA_ARGS__ ); \
+-                catchAssertionHandler.handle( Catch::ResultWas::DidntThrowException ); \
++                catchAssertionHandler.handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown(); \
+             } \
+             catch( exceptionType const& ex ) { \
+-                catchAssertionHandler.handle( Catch::makeMatchExpr( ex, matcher, #matcher ) ); \
++                catchAssertionHandler.handleExpr( Catch::makeMatchExpr( ex, matcher, #matcher##_catch_sr ) ); \
+             } \
+             catch( ... ) { \
+-                catchAssertionHandler.useActiveException(); \
++                catchAssertionHandler.handleUnexpectedInflightException(); \
+             } \
+         else \
+-            catchAssertionHandler.handle( Catch::ResultWas::Ok ); \
++            catchAssertionHandler.handleThrowingCallSkipped(); \
+         INTERNAL_CATCH_REACT( catchAssertionHandler ) \
+-    } while( Catch::alwaysFalse() )
++    } while( false )
+ 
+ // end catch_capture_matchers.h
+ #endif
++// start catch_generators.hpp
++
++// start catch_interfaces_generatortracker.h
++
++
++#include <memory>
++
++namespace Catch {
++
++    namespace Generators {
++        class GeneratorUntypedBase {
++        public:
++            GeneratorUntypedBase() = default;
++            virtual ~GeneratorUntypedBase();
++            // Attempts to move the generator to the next element
++             //
++             // Returns true iff the move succeeded (and a valid element
++             // can be retrieved).
++            virtual bool next() = 0;
++        };
++        using GeneratorBasePtr = std::unique_ptr<GeneratorUntypedBase>;
++
++    } // namespace Generators
++
++    struct IGeneratorTracker {
++        virtual ~IGeneratorTracker();
++        virtual auto hasGenerator() const -> bool = 0;
++        virtual auto getGenerator() const -> Generators::GeneratorBasePtr const& = 0;
++        virtual void setGenerator( Generators::GeneratorBasePtr&& generator ) = 0;
++    };
++
++} // namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_interfaces_generatortracker.h
++// start catch_enforce.h
++
++#include <exception>
++
++namespace Catch {
++#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
++    template <typename Ex>
++    [[noreturn]]
++    void throw_exception(Ex const& e) {
++        throw e;
++    }
++#else // ^^ Exceptions are enabled //  Exceptions are disabled vv
++    [[noreturn]]
++    void throw_exception(std::exception const& e);
++#endif
++
++    [[noreturn]]
++    void throw_logic_error(std::string const& msg);
++    [[noreturn]]
++    void throw_domain_error(std::string const& msg);
++    [[noreturn]]
++    void throw_runtime_error(std::string const& msg);
++
++} // namespace Catch;
++
++#define CATCH_MAKE_MSG(...) \
++    (Catch::ReusableStringStream() << __VA_ARGS__).str()
++
++#define CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR(...) \
++    Catch::throw_logic_error(CATCH_MAKE_MSG( CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO << ": Internal Catch2 error: " << __VA_ARGS__))
++
++#define CATCH_ERROR(...) \
++    Catch::throw_domain_error(CATCH_MAKE_MSG( __VA_ARGS__ ))
++
++#define CATCH_RUNTIME_ERROR(...) \
++    Catch::throw_runtime_error(CATCH_MAKE_MSG( __VA_ARGS__ ))
++
++#define CATCH_ENFORCE( condition, ... ) \
++    do{ if( !(condition) ) CATCH_ERROR( __VA_ARGS__ ); } while(false)
++
++// end catch_enforce.h
++#include <memory>
++#include <vector>
++#include <cassert>
++
++#include <utility>
++#include <exception>
++
++namespace Catch {
++
++class GeneratorException : public std::exception {
++    const char* const m_msg = "";
++
++public:
++    GeneratorException(const char* msg):
++        m_msg(msg)
++    {}
++
++    const char* what() const noexcept override final;
++};
++
++namespace Generators {
++
++    // !TBD move this into its own location?
++    namespace pf{
++        template<typename T, typename... Args>
++        std::unique_ptr<T> make_unique( Args&&... args ) {
++            return std::unique_ptr<T>(new T(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
++        }
++    }
++
++    template<typename T>
++    struct IGenerator : GeneratorUntypedBase {
++        virtual ~IGenerator() = default;
++
++        // Returns the current element of the generator
++        //
++        // \Precondition The generator is either freshly constructed,
++        // or the last call to `next()` returned true
++        virtual T const& get() const = 0;
++        using type = T;
++    };
++
++    template<typename T>
++    class SingleValueGenerator final : public IGenerator<T> {
++        T m_value;
++    public:
++        SingleValueGenerator(T&& value) : m_value(std::move(value)) {}
++
++        T const& get() const override {
++            return m_value;
++        }
++        bool next() override {
++            return false;
++        }
++    };
++
++    template<typename T>
++    class FixedValuesGenerator final : public IGenerator<T> {
++        static_assert(!std::is_same<T, bool>::value,
++            "FixedValuesGenerator does not support bools because of std::vector<bool>"
++            "specialization, use SingleValue Generator instead.");
++        std::vector<T> m_values;
++        size_t m_idx = 0;
++    public:
++        FixedValuesGenerator( std::initializer_list<T> values ) : m_values( values ) {}
++
++        T const& get() const override {
++            return m_values[m_idx];
++        }
++        bool next() override {
++            ++m_idx;
++            return m_idx < m_values.size();
++        }
++    };
++
++    template <typename T>
++    class GeneratorWrapper final {
++        std::unique_ptr<IGenerator<T>> m_generator;
++    public:
++        GeneratorWrapper(std::unique_ptr<IGenerator<T>> generator):
++            m_generator(std::move(generator))
++        {}
++        T const& get() const {
++            return m_generator->get();
++        }
++        bool next() {
++            return m_generator->next();
++        }
++    };
++
++    template <typename T>
++    GeneratorWrapper<T> value(T&& value) {
++        return GeneratorWrapper<T>(pf::make_unique<SingleValueGenerator<T>>(std::forward<T>(value)));
++    }
++    template <typename T>
++    GeneratorWrapper<T> values(std::initializer_list<T> values) {
++        return GeneratorWrapper<T>(pf::make_unique<FixedValuesGenerator<T>>(values));
++    }
++
++    template<typename T>
++    class Generators : public IGenerator<T> {
++        std::vector<GeneratorWrapper<T>> m_generators;
++        size_t m_current = 0;
++
++        void populate(GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator) {
++            m_generators.emplace_back(std::move(generator));
++        }
++        void populate(T&& val) {
++            m_generators.emplace_back(value(std::forward<T>(val)));
++        }
++        template<typename U>
++        void populate(U&& val) {
++            populate(T(std::forward<U>(val)));
++        }
++        template<typename U, typename... Gs>
++        void populate(U&& valueOrGenerator, Gs &&... moreGenerators) {
++            populate(std::forward<U>(valueOrGenerator));
++            populate(std::forward<Gs>(moreGenerators)...);
++        }
++
++    public:
++        template <typename... Gs>
++        Generators(Gs &&... moreGenerators) {
++            m_generators.reserve(sizeof...(Gs));
++            populate(std::forward<Gs>(moreGenerators)...);
++        }
++
++        T const& get() const override {
++            return m_generators[m_current].get();
++        }
++
++        bool next() override {
++            if (m_current >= m_generators.size()) {
++                return false;
++            }
++            const bool current_status = m_generators[m_current].next();
++            if (!current_status) {
++                ++m_current;
++            }
++            return m_current < m_generators.size();
++        }
++    };
++
++    template<typename... Ts>
++    GeneratorWrapper<std::tuple<Ts...>> table( std::initializer_list<std::tuple<typename std::decay<Ts>::type...>> tuples ) {
++        return values<std::tuple<Ts...>>( tuples );
++    }
++
++    // Tag type to signal that a generator sequence should convert arguments to a specific type
++    template <typename T>
++    struct as {};
++
++    template<typename T, typename... Gs>
++    auto makeGenerators( GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator, Gs &&... moreGenerators ) -> Generators<T> {
++        return Generators<T>(std::move(generator), std::forward<Gs>(moreGenerators)...);
++    }
++    template<typename T>
++    auto makeGenerators( GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator ) -> Generators<T> {
++        return Generators<T>(std::move(generator));
++    }
++    template<typename T, typename... Gs>
++    auto makeGenerators( T&& val, Gs &&... moreGenerators ) -> Generators<T> {
++        return makeGenerators( value( std::forward<T>( val ) ), std::forward<Gs>( moreGenerators )... );
++    }
++    template<typename T, typename U, typename... Gs>
++    auto makeGenerators( as<T>, U&& val, Gs &&... moreGenerators ) -> Generators<T> {
++        return makeGenerators( value( T( std::forward<U>( val ) ) ), std::forward<Gs>( moreGenerators )... );
++    }
++
++    auto acquireGeneratorTracker( StringRef generatorName, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo ) -> IGeneratorTracker&;
++
++    template<typename L>
++    // Note: The type after -> is weird, because VS2015 cannot parse
++    //       the expression used in the typedef inside, when it is in
++    //       return type. Yeah.
++    auto generate( StringRef generatorName, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo, L const& generatorExpression ) -> decltype(std::declval<decltype(generatorExpression())>().get()) {
++        using UnderlyingType = typename decltype(generatorExpression())::type;
++
++        IGeneratorTracker& tracker = acquireGeneratorTracker( generatorName, lineInfo );
++        if (!tracker.hasGenerator()) {
++            tracker.setGenerator(pf::make_unique<Generators<UnderlyingType>>(generatorExpression()));
++        }
++
++        auto const& generator = static_cast<IGenerator<UnderlyingType> const&>( *tracker.getGenerator() );
++        return generator.get();
++    }
++
++} // namespace Generators
++} // namespace Catch
++
++#define GENERATE( ... ) \
++    Catch::Generators::generate( INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(generator)), \
++                                 CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, \
++                                 [ ]{ using namespace Catch::Generators; return makeGenerators( __VA_ARGS__ ); } ) //NOLINT(google-build-using-namespace)
++#define GENERATE_COPY( ... ) \
++    Catch::Generators::generate( INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(generator)), \
++                                 CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, \
++                                 [=]{ using namespace Catch::Generators; return makeGenerators( __VA_ARGS__ ); } ) //NOLINT(google-build-using-namespace)
++#define GENERATE_REF( ... ) \
++    Catch::Generators::generate( INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(generator)), \
++                                 CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, \
++                                 [&]{ using namespace Catch::Generators; return makeGenerators( __VA_ARGS__ ); } ) //NOLINT(google-build-using-namespace)
++
++// end catch_generators.hpp
++// start catch_generators_generic.hpp
++
++namespace Catch {
++namespace Generators {
++
++    template <typename T>
++    class TakeGenerator : public IGenerator<T> {
++        GeneratorWrapper<T> m_generator;
++        size_t m_returned = 0;
++        size_t m_target;
++    public:
++        TakeGenerator(size_t target, GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator):
++            m_generator(std::move(generator)),
++            m_target(target)
++        {
++            assert(target != 0 && "Empty generators are not allowed");
++        }
++        T const& get() const override {
++            return m_generator.get();
++        }
++        bool next() override {
++            ++m_returned;
++            if (m_returned >= m_target) {
++                return false;
++            }
++
++            const auto success = m_generator.next();
++            // If the underlying generator does not contain enough values
++            // then we cut short as well
++            if (!success) {
++                m_returned = m_target;
++            }
++            return success;
++        }
++    };
++
++    template <typename T>
++    GeneratorWrapper<T> take(size_t target, GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator) {
++        return GeneratorWrapper<T>(pf::make_unique<TakeGenerator<T>>(target, std::move(generator)));
++    }
++
++    template <typename T, typename Predicate>
++    class FilterGenerator : public IGenerator<T> {
++        GeneratorWrapper<T> m_generator;
++        Predicate m_predicate;
++    public:
++        template <typename P = Predicate>
++        FilterGenerator(P&& pred, GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator):
++            m_generator(std::move(generator)),
++            m_predicate(std::forward<P>(pred))
++        {
++            if (!m_predicate(m_generator.get())) {
++                // It might happen that there are no values that pass the
++                // filter. In that case we throw an exception.
++                auto has_initial_value = nextImpl();
++                if (!has_initial_value) {
++                    Catch::throw_exception(GeneratorException("No valid value found in filtered generator"));
++                }
++            }
++        }
++
++        T const& get() const override {
++            return m_generator.get();
++        }
++
++        bool next() override {
++            return nextImpl();
++        }
++
++    private:
++        bool nextImpl() {
++            bool success = m_generator.next();
++            if (!success) {
++                return false;
++            }
++            while (!m_predicate(m_generator.get()) && (success = m_generator.next()) == true);
++            return success;
++        }
++    };
++
++    template <typename T, typename Predicate>
++    GeneratorWrapper<T> filter(Predicate&& pred, GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator) {
++        return GeneratorWrapper<T>(std::unique_ptr<IGenerator<T>>(pf::make_unique<FilterGenerator<T, Predicate>>(std::forward<Predicate>(pred), std::move(generator))));
++    }
++
++    template <typename T>
++    class RepeatGenerator : public IGenerator<T> {
++        static_assert(!std::is_same<T, bool>::value,
++            "RepeatGenerator currently does not support bools"
++            "because of std::vector<bool> specialization");
++        GeneratorWrapper<T> m_generator;
++        mutable std::vector<T> m_returned;
++        size_t m_target_repeats;
++        size_t m_current_repeat = 0;
++        size_t m_repeat_index = 0;
++    public:
++        RepeatGenerator(size_t repeats, GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator):
++            m_generator(std::move(generator)),
++            m_target_repeats(repeats)
++        {
++            assert(m_target_repeats > 0 && "Repeat generator must repeat at least once");
++        }
++
++        T const& get() const override {
++            if (m_current_repeat == 0) {
++                m_returned.push_back(m_generator.get());
++                return m_returned.back();
++            }
++            return m_returned[m_repeat_index];
++        }
++
++        bool next() override {
++            // There are 2 basic cases:
++            // 1) We are still reading the generator
++            // 2) We are reading our own cache
++
++            // In the first case, we need to poke the underlying generator.
++            // If it happily moves, we are left in that state, otherwise it is time to start reading from our cache
++            if (m_current_repeat == 0) {
++                const auto success = m_generator.next();
++                if (!success) {
++                    ++m_current_repeat;
++                }
++                return m_current_repeat < m_target_repeats;
++            }
++
++            // In the second case, we need to move indices forward and check that we haven't run up against the end
++            ++m_repeat_index;
++            if (m_repeat_index == m_returned.size()) {
++                m_repeat_index = 0;
++                ++m_current_repeat;
++            }
++            return m_current_repeat < m_target_repeats;
++        }
++    };
++
++    template <typename T>
++    GeneratorWrapper<T> repeat(size_t repeats, GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator) {
++        return GeneratorWrapper<T>(pf::make_unique<RepeatGenerator<T>>(repeats, std::move(generator)));
++    }
++
++    template <typename T, typename U, typename Func>
++    class MapGenerator : public IGenerator<T> {
++        // TBD: provide static assert for mapping function, for friendly error message
++        GeneratorWrapper<U> m_generator;
++        Func m_function;
++        // To avoid returning dangling reference, we have to save the values
++        T m_cache;
++    public:
++        template <typename F2 = Func>
++        MapGenerator(F2&& function, GeneratorWrapper<U>&& generator) :
++            m_generator(std::move(generator)),
++            m_function(std::forward<F2>(function)),
++            m_cache(m_function(m_generator.get()))
++        {}
++
++        T const& get() const override {
++            return m_cache;
++        }
++        bool next() override {
++            const auto success = m_generator.next();
++            if (success) {
++                m_cache = m_function(m_generator.get());
++            }
++            return success;
++        }
++    };
++
++    template <typename Func, typename U, typename T = FunctionReturnType<Func, U>>
++    GeneratorWrapper<T> map(Func&& function, GeneratorWrapper<U>&& generator) {
++        return GeneratorWrapper<T>(
++            pf::make_unique<MapGenerator<T, U, Func>>(std::forward<Func>(function), std::move(generator))
++        );
++    }
++
++    template <typename T, typename U, typename Func>
++    GeneratorWrapper<T> map(Func&& function, GeneratorWrapper<U>&& generator) {
++        return GeneratorWrapper<T>(
++            pf::make_unique<MapGenerator<T, U, Func>>(std::forward<Func>(function), std::move(generator))
++        );
++    }
++
++    template <typename T>
++    class ChunkGenerator final : public IGenerator<std::vector<T>> {
++        std::vector<T> m_chunk;
++        size_t m_chunk_size;
++        GeneratorWrapper<T> m_generator;
++        bool m_used_up = false;
++    public:
++        ChunkGenerator(size_t size, GeneratorWrapper<T> generator) :
++            m_chunk_size(size), m_generator(std::move(generator))
++        {
++            m_chunk.reserve(m_chunk_size);
++            if (m_chunk_size != 0) {
++                m_chunk.push_back(m_generator.get());
++                for (size_t i = 1; i < m_chunk_size; ++i) {
++                    if (!m_generator.next()) {
++                        Catch::throw_exception(GeneratorException("Not enough values to initialize the first chunk"));
++                    }
++                    m_chunk.push_back(m_generator.get());
++                }
++            }
++        }
++        std::vector<T> const& get() const override {
++            return m_chunk;
++        }
++        bool next() override {
++            m_chunk.clear();
++            for (size_t idx = 0; idx < m_chunk_size; ++idx) {
++                if (!m_generator.next()) {
++                    return false;
++                }
++                m_chunk.push_back(m_generator.get());
++            }
++            return true;
++        }
++    };
++
++    template <typename T>
++    GeneratorWrapper<std::vector<T>> chunk(size_t size, GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator) {
++        return GeneratorWrapper<std::vector<T>>(
++            pf::make_unique<ChunkGenerator<T>>(size, std::move(generator))
++        );
++    }
++
++} // namespace Generators
++} // namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_generators_generic.hpp
++// start catch_generators_specific.hpp
++
++// start catch_context.h
++
++#include <memory>
++
++namespace Catch {
++
++    struct IResultCapture;
++    struct IRunner;
++    struct IConfig;
++    struct IMutableContext;
++
++    using IConfigPtr = std::shared_ptr<IConfig const>;
++
++    struct IContext
++    {
++        virtual ~IContext();
++
++        virtual IResultCapture* getResultCapture() = 0;
++        virtual IRunner* getRunner() = 0;
++        virtual IConfigPtr const& getConfig() const = 0;
++    };
++
++    struct IMutableContext : IContext
++    {
++        virtual ~IMutableContext();
++        virtual void setResultCapture( IResultCapture* resultCapture ) = 0;
++        virtual void setRunner( IRunner* runner ) = 0;
++        virtual void setConfig( IConfigPtr const& config ) = 0;
++
++    private:
++        static IMutableContext *currentContext;
++        friend IMutableContext& getCurrentMutableContext();
++        friend void cleanUpContext();
++        static void createContext();
++    };
++
++    inline IMutableContext& getCurrentMutableContext()
++    {
++        if( !IMutableContext::currentContext )
++            IMutableContext::createContext();
++        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-core.uninitialized.UndefReturn)
++        return *IMutableContext::currentContext;
++    }
++
++    inline IContext& getCurrentContext()
++    {
++        return getCurrentMutableContext();
++    }
++
++    void cleanUpContext();
++
++    class SimplePcg32;
++    SimplePcg32& rng();
++}
++
++// end catch_context.h
++// start catch_interfaces_config.h
++
++// start catch_option.hpp
++
++namespace Catch {
++
++    // An optional type
++    template<typename T>
++    class Option {
++    public:
++        Option() : nullableValue( nullptr ) {}
++        Option( T const& _value )
++        : nullableValue( new( storage ) T( _value ) )
++        {}
++        Option( Option const& _other )
++        : nullableValue( _other ? new( storage ) T( *_other ) : nullptr )
++        {}
++
++        ~Option() {
++            reset();
++        }
++
++        Option& operator= ( Option const& _other ) {
++            if( &_other != this ) {
++                reset();
++                if( _other )
++                    nullableValue = new( storage ) T( *_other );
++            }
++            return *this;
++        }
++        Option& operator = ( T const& _value ) {
++            reset();
++            nullableValue = new( storage ) T( _value );
++            return *this;
++        }
++
++        void reset() {
++            if( nullableValue )
++                nullableValue->~T();
++            nullableValue = nullptr;
++        }
++
++        T& operator*() { return *nullableValue; }
++        T const& operator*() const { return *nullableValue; }
++        T* operator->() { return nullableValue; }
++        const T* operator->() const { return nullableValue; }
++
++        T valueOr( T const& defaultValue ) const {
++            return nullableValue ? *nullableValue : defaultValue;
++        }
++
++        bool some() const { return nullableValue != nullptr; }
++        bool none() const { return nullableValue == nullptr; }
++
++        bool operator !() const { return nullableValue == nullptr; }
++        explicit operator bool() const {
++            return some();
++        }
++
++    private:
++        T *nullableValue;
++        alignas(alignof(T)) char storage[sizeof(T)];
++    };
++
++} // end namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_option.hpp
++#include <chrono>
++#include <iosfwd>
++#include <string>
++#include <vector>
++#include <memory>
++
++namespace Catch {
++
++    enum class Verbosity {
++        Quiet = 0,
++        Normal,
++        High
++    };
++
++    struct WarnAbout { enum What {
++        Nothing = 0x00,
++        NoAssertions = 0x01,
++        NoTests = 0x02
++    }; };
++
++    struct ShowDurations { enum OrNot {
++        DefaultForReporter,
++        Always,
++        Never
++    }; };
++    struct RunTests { enum InWhatOrder {
++        InDeclarationOrder,
++        InLexicographicalOrder,
++        InRandomOrder
++    }; };
++    struct UseColour { enum YesOrNo {
++        Auto,
++        Yes,
++        No
++    }; };
++    struct WaitForKeypress { enum When {
++        Never,
++        BeforeStart = 1,
++        BeforeExit = 2,
++        BeforeStartAndExit = BeforeStart | BeforeExit
++    }; };
++
++    class TestSpec;
++
++    struct IConfig : NonCopyable {
++
++        virtual ~IConfig();
++
++        virtual bool allowThrows() const = 0;
++        virtual std::ostream& stream() const = 0;
++        virtual std::string name() const = 0;
++        virtual bool includeSuccessfulResults() const = 0;
++        virtual bool shouldDebugBreak() const = 0;
++        virtual bool warnAboutMissingAssertions() const = 0;
++        virtual bool warnAboutNoTests() const = 0;
++        virtual int abortAfter() const = 0;
++        virtual bool showInvisibles() const = 0;
++        virtual ShowDurations::OrNot showDurations() const = 0;
++        virtual double minDuration() const = 0;
++        virtual TestSpec const& testSpec() const = 0;
++        virtual bool hasTestFilters() const = 0;
++        virtual std::vector<std::string> const& getTestsOrTags() const = 0;
++        virtual RunTests::InWhatOrder runOrder() const = 0;
++        virtual unsigned int rngSeed() const = 0;
++        virtual UseColour::YesOrNo useColour() const = 0;
++        virtual std::vector<std::string> const& getSectionsToRun() const = 0;
++        virtual Verbosity verbosity() const = 0;
++
++        virtual bool benchmarkNoAnalysis() const = 0;
++        virtual int benchmarkSamples() const = 0;
++        virtual double benchmarkConfidenceInterval() const = 0;
++        virtual unsigned int benchmarkResamples() const = 0;
++        virtual std::chrono::milliseconds benchmarkWarmupTime() const = 0;
++    };
++
++    using IConfigPtr = std::shared_ptr<IConfig const>;
++}
++
++// end catch_interfaces_config.h
++// start catch_random_number_generator.h
++
++#include <cstdint>
++
++namespace Catch {
++
++    // This is a simple implementation of C++11 Uniform Random Number
++    // Generator. It does not provide all operators, because Catch2
++    // does not use it, but it should behave as expected inside stdlib's
++    // distributions.
++    // The implementation is based on the PCG family (http://pcg-random.org)
++    class SimplePcg32 {
++        using state_type = std::uint64_t;
++    public:
++        using result_type = std::uint32_t;
++        static constexpr result_type (min)() {
++            return 0;
++        }
++        static constexpr result_type (max)() {
++            return static_cast<result_type>(-1);
++        }
++
++        // Provide some default initial state for the default constructor
++        SimplePcg32():SimplePcg32(0xed743cc4U) {}
++
++        explicit SimplePcg32(result_type seed_);
++
++        void seed(result_type seed_);
++        void discard(uint64_t skip);
++
++        result_type operator()();
++
++    private:
++        friend bool operator==(SimplePcg32 const& lhs, SimplePcg32 const& rhs);
++        friend bool operator!=(SimplePcg32 const& lhs, SimplePcg32 const& rhs);
++
++        // In theory we also need operator<< and operator>>
++        // In practice we do not use them, so we will skip them for now
++
++        std::uint64_t m_state;
++        // This part of the state determines which "stream" of the numbers
++        // is chosen -- we take it as a constant for Catch2, so we only
++        // need to deal with seeding the main state.
++        // Picked by reading 8 bytes from `/dev/random` :-)
++        static const std::uint64_t s_inc = (0x13ed0cc53f939476ULL << 1ULL) | 1ULL;
++    };
++
++} // end namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_random_number_generator.h
++#include <random>
++
++namespace Catch {
++namespace Generators {
++
++template <typename Float>
++class RandomFloatingGenerator final : public IGenerator<Float> {
++    Catch::SimplePcg32& m_rng;
++    std::uniform_real_distribution<Float> m_dist;
++    Float m_current_number;
++public:
++
++    RandomFloatingGenerator(Float a, Float b):
++        m_rng(rng()),
++        m_dist(a, b) {
++        static_cast<void>(next());
++    }
++
++    Float const& get() const override {
++        return m_current_number;
++    }
++    bool next() override {
++        m_current_number = m_dist(m_rng);
++        return true;
++    }
++};
++
++template <typename Integer>
++class RandomIntegerGenerator final : public IGenerator<Integer> {
++    Catch::SimplePcg32& m_rng;
++    std::uniform_int_distribution<Integer> m_dist;
++    Integer m_current_number;
++public:
++
++    RandomIntegerGenerator(Integer a, Integer b):
++        m_rng(rng()),
++        m_dist(a, b) {
++        static_cast<void>(next());
++    }
++
++    Integer const& get() const override {
++        return m_current_number;
++    }
++    bool next() override {
++        m_current_number = m_dist(m_rng);
++        return true;
++    }
++};
++
++// TODO: Ideally this would be also constrained against the various char types,
++//       but I don't expect users to run into that in practice.
++template <typename T>
++typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<T>::value && !std::is_same<T, bool>::value,
++GeneratorWrapper<T>>::type
++random(T a, T b) {
++    return GeneratorWrapper<T>(
++        pf::make_unique<RandomIntegerGenerator<T>>(a, b)
++    );
++}
++
++template <typename T>
++typename std::enable_if<std::is_floating_point<T>::value,
++GeneratorWrapper<T>>::type
++random(T a, T b) {
++    return GeneratorWrapper<T>(
++        pf::make_unique<RandomFloatingGenerator<T>>(a, b)
++    );
++}
++
++template <typename T>
++class RangeGenerator final : public IGenerator<T> {
++    T m_current;
++    T m_end;
++    T m_step;
++    bool m_positive;
++
++public:
++    RangeGenerator(T const& start, T const& end, T const& step):
++        m_current(start),
++        m_end(end),
++        m_step(step),
++        m_positive(m_step > T(0))
++    {
++        assert(m_current != m_end && "Range start and end cannot be equal");
++        assert(m_step != T(0) && "Step size cannot be zero");
++        assert(((m_positive && m_current <= m_end) || (!m_positive && m_current >= m_end)) && "Step moves away from end");
++    }
++
++    RangeGenerator(T const& start, T const& end):
++        RangeGenerator(start, end, (start < end) ? T(1) : T(-1))
++    {}
++
++    T const& get() const override {
++        return m_current;
++    }
++
++    bool next() override {
++        m_current += m_step;
++        return (m_positive) ? (m_current < m_end) : (m_current > m_end);
++    }
++};
++
++template <typename T>
++GeneratorWrapper<T> range(T const& start, T const& end, T const& step) {
++    static_assert(std::is_arithmetic<T>::value && !std::is_same<T, bool>::value, "Type must be numeric");
++    return GeneratorWrapper<T>(pf::make_unique<RangeGenerator<T>>(start, end, step));
++}
++
++template <typename T>
++GeneratorWrapper<T> range(T const& start, T const& end) {
++    static_assert(std::is_integral<T>::value && !std::is_same<T, bool>::value, "Type must be an integer");
++    return GeneratorWrapper<T>(pf::make_unique<RangeGenerator<T>>(start, end));
++}
++
++template <typename T>
++class IteratorGenerator final : public IGenerator<T> {
++    static_assert(!std::is_same<T, bool>::value,
++        "IteratorGenerator currently does not support bools"
++        "because of std::vector<bool> specialization");
++
++    std::vector<T> m_elems;
++    size_t m_current = 0;
++public:
++    template <typename InputIterator, typename InputSentinel>
++    IteratorGenerator(InputIterator first, InputSentinel last):m_elems(first, last) {
++        if (m_elems.empty()) {
++            Catch::throw_exception(GeneratorException("IteratorGenerator received no valid values"));
++        }
++    }
++
++    T const& get() const override {
++        return m_elems[m_current];
++    }
++
++    bool next() override {
++        ++m_current;
++        return m_current != m_elems.size();
++    }
++};
++
++template <typename InputIterator,
++          typename InputSentinel,
++          typename ResultType = typename std::iterator_traits<InputIterator>::value_type>
++GeneratorWrapper<ResultType> from_range(InputIterator from, InputSentinel to) {
++    return GeneratorWrapper<ResultType>(pf::make_unique<IteratorGenerator<ResultType>>(from, to));
++}
++
++template <typename Container,
++          typename ResultType = typename Container::value_type>
++GeneratorWrapper<ResultType> from_range(Container const& cnt) {
++    return GeneratorWrapper<ResultType>(pf::make_unique<IteratorGenerator<ResultType>>(cnt.begin(), cnt.end()));
++}
++
++} // namespace Generators
++} // namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_generators_specific.hpp
+ 
+ // These files are included here so the single_include script doesn't put them
+ // in the conditionally compiled sections
+@@ -2416,7 +4807,7 @@
+     class TestCase : public TestCaseInfo {
+     public:
+ 
+-        TestCase( ITestInvoker* testCase, TestCaseInfo const& info );
++        TestCase( ITestInvoker* testCase, TestCaseInfo&& info );
+ 
+         TestCase withName( std::string const& _newName ) const;
+ 
+@@ -2433,8 +4824,7 @@
+ 
+     TestCase makeTestCase(  ITestInvoker* testCase,
+                             std::string const& className,
+-                            std::string const& name,
+-                            std::string const& description,
++                            NameAndTags const& nameAndTags,
+                             SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo );
+ }
+ 
+@@ -2537,7 +4927,7 @@
+                         std::string desc = Detail::getAnnotation( cls, "Description", testCaseName );
+                         const char* className = class_getName( cls );
+ 
+-                        getMutableRegistryHub().registerTest( makeTestCase( new OcMethod( cls, selector ), className, name.c_str(), desc.c_str(), SourceLineInfo("",0) ) );
++                        getMutableRegistryHub().registerTest( makeTestCase( new OcMethod( cls, selector ), className, NameAndTags( name.c_str(), desc.c_str() ), SourceLineInfo("",0) ) );
+                         noTestMethods++;
+                     }
+                 }
+@@ -2560,7 +4950,7 @@
+                     arcSafeRelease( m_substr );
+                 }
+ 
+-                bool match( NSString* arg ) const override {
++                bool match( NSString* str ) const override {
+                     return false;
+                 }
+ 
+@@ -2583,7 +4973,7 @@
+             struct Contains : StringHolder {
+                 Contains( NSString* substr ) : StringHolder( substr ){}
+ 
+-                bool match( NSString* str ) const {
++                bool match( NSString* str ) const override {
+                     return  (str != nil || m_substr == nil ) &&
+                             [str rangeOfString:m_substr].location != NSNotFound;
+                 }
+@@ -2659,7 +5049,8 @@
+ // end catch_objc.hpp
+ #endif
+ 
+-#ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_EXTERNAL_INTERFACES
++// Benchmarking needs the externally-facing parts of reporters to work
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_EXTERNAL_INTERFACES) || defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING)
+ // start catch_external_interfaces.h
+ 
+ // start catch_reporter_bases.hpp
+@@ -2701,7 +5092,7 @@
+         virtual bool matches( std::string const& str ) const;
+ 
+     private:
+-        std::string adjustCase( std::string const& str ) const;
++        std::string normaliseString( std::string const& str ) const;
+         CaseSensitive::Choice m_caseSensitivity;
+         WildcardPosition m_wildcard = NoWildcard;
+         std::string m_pattern;
+@@ -2715,36 +5106,40 @@
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
++    struct IConfig;
++
+     class TestSpec {
+-        struct Pattern {
++        class Pattern {
++        public:
++            explicit Pattern( std::string const& name );
+             virtual ~Pattern();
+             virtual bool matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const = 0;
++            std::string const& name() const;
++        private:
++            std::string const m_name;
+         };
+         using PatternPtr = std::shared_ptr<Pattern>;
+ 
+         class NamePattern : public Pattern {
+         public:
+-            NamePattern( std::string const& name );
+-            virtual ~NamePattern();
+-            virtual bool matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const override;
++            explicit NamePattern( std::string const& name, std::string const& filterString );
++            bool matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const override;
+         private:
+             WildcardPattern m_wildcardPattern;
+         };
+ 
+         class TagPattern : public Pattern {
+         public:
+-            TagPattern( std::string const& tag );
+-            virtual ~TagPattern();
+-            virtual bool matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const override;
++            explicit TagPattern( std::string const& tag, std::string const& filterString );
++            bool matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const override;
+         private:
+             std::string m_tag;
+         };
+ 
+         class ExcludedPattern : public Pattern {
+         public:
+-            ExcludedPattern( PatternPtr const& underlyingPattern );
+-            virtual ~ExcludedPattern();
+-            virtual bool matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const override;
++            explicit ExcludedPattern( PatternPtr const& underlyingPattern );
++            bool matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const override;
+         private:
+             PatternPtr m_underlyingPattern;
+         };
+@@ -2753,15 +5148,25 @@
+             std::vector<PatternPtr> m_patterns;
+ 
+             bool matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const;
++            std::string name() const;
+         };
+ 
+     public:
++        struct FilterMatch {
++            std::string name;
++            std::vector<TestCase const*> tests;
++        };
++        using Matches = std::vector<FilterMatch>;
++        using vectorStrings = std::vector<std::string>;
++
+         bool hasFilters() const;
+         bool matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const;
++        Matches matchesByFilter( std::vector<TestCase> const& testCases, IConfig const& config ) const;
++        const vectorStrings & getInvalidArgs() const;
+ 
+     private:
+         std::vector<Filter> m_filters;
+-
++        std::vector<std::string> m_invalidArgs;
+         friend class TestSpecParser;
+     };
+ }
+@@ -2796,9 +5201,13 @@
+     class TestSpecParser {
+         enum Mode{ None, Name, QuotedName, Tag, EscapedName };
+         Mode m_mode = None;
++        Mode lastMode = None;
+         bool m_exclusion = false;
+-        std::size_t m_start = std::string::npos, m_pos = 0;
++        std::size_t m_pos = 0;
++        std::size_t m_realPatternPos = 0;
+         std::string m_arg;
++        std::string m_substring;
++        std::string m_patternName;
+         std::vector<std::size_t> m_escapeChars;
+         TestSpec::Filter m_currentFilter;
+         TestSpec m_testSpec;
+@@ -2811,32 +5220,32 @@
+         TestSpec testSpec();
+ 
+     private:
+-        void visitChar( char c );
+-        void startNewMode( Mode mode, std::size_t start );
++        bool visitChar( char c );
++        void startNewMode( Mode mode );
++        bool processNoneChar( char c );
++        void processNameChar( char c );
++        bool processOtherChar( char c );
++        void endMode();
+         void escape();
+-        std::string subString() const;
++        bool isControlChar( char c ) const;
++        void saveLastMode();
++        void revertBackToLastMode();
++        void addFilter();
++        bool separate();
+ 
+-        template<typename T>
+-        void addPattern() {
+-            std::string token = subString();
+-            for( std::size_t i = 0; i < m_escapeChars.size(); ++i )
+-                token = token.substr( 0, m_escapeChars[i]-m_start-i ) + token.substr( m_escapeChars[i]-m_start-i+1 );
+-            m_escapeChars.clear();
+-            if( startsWith( token, "exclude:" ) ) {
+-                m_exclusion = true;
+-                token = token.substr( 8 );
+-            }
+-            if( !token.empty() ) {
+-                TestSpec::PatternPtr pattern = std::make_shared<T>( token );
+-                if( m_exclusion )
+-                    pattern = std::make_shared<TestSpec::ExcludedPattern>( pattern );
+-                m_currentFilter.m_patterns.push_back( pattern );
+-            }
+-            m_exclusion = false;
+-            m_mode = None;
++        // Handles common preprocessing of the pattern for name/tag patterns
++        std::string preprocessPattern();
++        // Adds the current pattern as a test name
++        void addNamePattern();
++        // Adds the current pattern as a tag
++        void addTagPattern();
++
++        inline void addCharToPattern(char c) {
++            m_substring += c;
++            m_patternName += c;
++            m_realPatternPos++;
+         }
+ 
+-        void addFilter();
+     };
+     TestSpec parseTestSpec( std::string const& arg );
+ 
+@@ -2847,140 +5256,7 @@
+ #endif
+ 
+ // end catch_test_spec_parser.h
+-// start catch_interfaces_config.h
+-
+-#include <iosfwd>
+-#include <string>
+-#include <vector>
+-#include <memory>
+-
+-namespace Catch {
+-
+-    enum class Verbosity {
+-        Quiet = 0,
+-        Normal,
+-        High
+-    };
+-
+-    struct WarnAbout { enum What {
+-        Nothing = 0x00,
+-        NoAssertions = 0x01
+-    }; };
+-
+-    struct ShowDurations { enum OrNot {
+-        DefaultForReporter,
+-        Always,
+-        Never
+-    }; };
+-    struct RunTests { enum InWhatOrder {
+-        InDeclarationOrder,
+-        InLexicographicalOrder,
+-        InRandomOrder
+-    }; };
+-    struct UseColour { enum YesOrNo {
+-        Auto,
+-        Yes,
+-        No
+-    }; };
+-    struct WaitForKeypress { enum When {
+-        Never,
+-        BeforeStart = 1,
+-        BeforeExit = 2,
+-        BeforeStartAndExit = BeforeStart | BeforeExit
+-    }; };
+-
+-    class TestSpec;
+-
+-    struct IConfig : NonCopyable {
+-
+-        virtual ~IConfig();
+-
+-        virtual bool allowThrows() const = 0;
+-        virtual std::ostream& stream() const = 0;
+-        virtual std::string name() const = 0;
+-        virtual bool includeSuccessfulResults() const = 0;
+-        virtual bool shouldDebugBreak() const = 0;
+-        virtual bool warnAboutMissingAssertions() const = 0;
+-        virtual int abortAfter() const = 0;
+-        virtual bool showInvisibles() const = 0;
+-        virtual ShowDurations::OrNot showDurations() const = 0;
+-        virtual TestSpec const& testSpec() const = 0;
+-        virtual RunTests::InWhatOrder runOrder() const = 0;
+-        virtual unsigned int rngSeed() const = 0;
+-        virtual int benchmarkResolutionMultiple() const = 0;
+-        virtual UseColour::YesOrNo useColour() const = 0;
+-        virtual std::vector<std::string> const& getSectionsToRun() const = 0;
+-        virtual Verbosity verbosity() const = 0;
+-    };
+-
+-    using IConfigPtr = std::shared_ptr<IConfig const>;
+-}
+-
+-// end catch_interfaces_config.h
+ // Libstdc++ doesn't like incomplete classes for unique_ptr
+-// start catch_stream.h
+-
+-// start catch_streambuf.h
+-
+-#include <streambuf>
+-
+-namespace Catch {
+-
+-    class StreamBufBase : public std::streambuf {
+-    public:
+-        virtual ~StreamBufBase();
+-    };
+-}
+-
+-// end catch_streambuf.h
+-#include <streambuf>
+-#include <ostream>
+-#include <fstream>
+-#include <memory>
+-
+-namespace Catch {
+-
+-    std::ostream& cout();
+-    std::ostream& cerr();
+-    std::ostream& clog();
+-
+-    struct IStream {
+-        virtual ~IStream();
+-        virtual std::ostream& stream() const = 0;
+-    };
+-
+-    class FileStream : public IStream {
+-        mutable std::ofstream m_ofs;
+-    public:
+-        FileStream( std::string const& filename );
+-        ~FileStream() override = default;
+-    public: // IStream
+-        std::ostream& stream() const override;
+-    };
+-
+-    class CoutStream : public IStream {
+-        mutable std::ostream m_os;
+-    public:
+-        CoutStream();
+-        ~CoutStream() override = default;
+-
+-    public: // IStream
+-        std::ostream& stream() const override;
+-    };
+-
+-    class DebugOutStream : public IStream {
+-        std::unique_ptr<StreamBufBase> m_streamBuf;
+-        mutable std::ostream m_os;
+-    public:
+-        DebugOutStream();
+-        ~DebugOutStream() override = default;
+-
+-    public: // IStream
+-        std::ostream& stream() const override;
+-    };
+-}
+-
+-// end catch_stream.h
+ 
+ #include <memory>
+ #include <vector>
+@@ -3010,11 +5286,17 @@
+ 
+         int abortAfter = -1;
+         unsigned int rngSeed = 0;
+-        int benchmarkResolutionMultiple = 100;
++
++        bool benchmarkNoAnalysis = false;
++        unsigned int benchmarkSamples = 100;
++        double benchmarkConfidenceInterval = 0.95;
++        unsigned int benchmarkResamples = 100000;
++        std::chrono::milliseconds::rep benchmarkWarmupTime = 100;
+ 
+         Verbosity verbosity = Verbosity::Normal;
+         WarnAbout::What warnings = WarnAbout::Nothing;
+         ShowDurations::OrNot showDurations = ShowDurations::DefaultForReporter;
++        double minDuration = -1;
+         RunTests::InWhatOrder runOrder = RunTests::InDeclarationOrder;
+         UseColour::YesOrNo useColour = UseColour::Auto;
+         WaitForKeypress::When waitForKeypress = WaitForKeypress::Never;
+@@ -3022,8 +5304,12 @@
+         std::string outputFilename;
+         std::string name;
+         std::string processName;
++#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_DEFAULT_REPORTER
++#define CATCH_CONFIG_DEFAULT_REPORTER "console"
++#endif
++        std::string reporterName = CATCH_CONFIG_DEFAULT_REPORTER;
++#undef CATCH_CONFIG_DEFAULT_REPORTER
+ 
+-        std::vector<std::string> reporterNames;
+         std::vector<std::string> testsOrTags;
+         std::vector<std::string> sectionsToRun;
+     };
+@@ -3043,11 +5329,13 @@
+         bool listReporters() const;
+ 
+         std::string getProcessName() const;
++        std::string const& getReporterName() const;
+ 
+-        std::vector<std::string> const& getReporterNames() const;
++        std::vector<std::string> const& getTestsOrTags() const override;
+         std::vector<std::string> const& getSectionsToRun() const override;
+ 
+-        virtual TestSpec const& testSpec() const override;
++        TestSpec const& testSpec() const override;
++        bool hasTestFilters() const override;
+ 
+         bool showHelp() const;
+ 
+@@ -3057,15 +5345,21 @@
+         std::string name() const override;
+         bool includeSuccessfulResults() const override;
+         bool warnAboutMissingAssertions() const override;
++        bool warnAboutNoTests() const override;
+         ShowDurations::OrNot showDurations() const override;
++        double minDuration() const override;
+         RunTests::InWhatOrder runOrder() const override;
+         unsigned int rngSeed() const override;
+-        int benchmarkResolutionMultiple() const override;
+         UseColour::YesOrNo useColour() const override;
+         bool shouldDebugBreak() const override;
+         int abortAfter() const override;
+         bool showInvisibles() const override;
+         Verbosity verbosity() const override;
++        bool benchmarkNoAnalysis() const override;
++        int benchmarkSamples() const override;
++        double benchmarkConfidenceInterval() const override;
++        unsigned int benchmarkResamples() const override;
++        std::chrono::milliseconds benchmarkWarmupTime() const override;
+ 
+     private:
+ 
+@@ -3074,6 +5368,7 @@
+ 
+         std::unique_ptr<IStream const> m_stream;
+         TestSpec m_testSpec;
++        bool m_hasTestFilters = false;
+     };
+ 
+ } // end namespace Catch
+@@ -3115,7 +5410,7 @@
+         std::string getExpandedExpression() const;
+         std::string getMessage() const;
+         SourceLineInfo getSourceInfo() const;
+-        std::string getTestMacroName() const;
++        StringRef getTestMacroName() const;
+ 
+     //protected:
+         AssertionInfo m_info;
+@@ -3125,76 +5420,61 @@
+ } // end namespace Catch
+ 
+ // end catch_assertionresult.h
+-// start catch_option.hpp
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING)
++// start catch_estimate.hpp
+ 
+-namespace Catch {
++ // Statistics estimates
+ 
+-    // An optional type
+-    template<typename T>
+-    class Option {
+-    public:
+-        Option() : nullableValue( nullptr ) {}
+-        Option( T const& _value )
+-        : nullableValue( new( storage ) T( _value ) )
+-        {}
+-        Option( Option const& _other )
+-        : nullableValue( _other ? new( storage ) T( *_other ) : nullptr )
+-        {}
+ 
+-        ~Option() {
+-            reset();
+-        }
++namespace Catch {
++    namespace Benchmark {
++        template <typename Duration>
++        struct Estimate {
++            Duration point;
++            Duration lower_bound;
++            Duration upper_bound;
++            double confidence_interval;
+ 
+-        Option& operator= ( Option const& _other ) {
+-            if( &_other != this ) {
+-                reset();
+-                if( _other )
+-                    nullableValue = new( storage ) T( *_other );
++            template <typename Duration2>
++            operator Estimate<Duration2>() const {
++                return { point, lower_bound, upper_bound, confidence_interval };
+             }
+-            return *this;
+-        }
+-        Option& operator = ( T const& _value ) {
+-            reset();
+-            nullableValue = new( storage ) T( _value );
+-            return *this;
+-        }
+-
+-        void reset() {
+-            if( nullableValue )
+-                nullableValue->~T();
+-            nullableValue = nullptr;
+-        }
++        };
++    } // namespace Benchmark
++} // namespace Catch
+ 
+-        T& operator*() { return *nullableValue; }
+-        T const& operator*() const { return *nullableValue; }
+-        T* operator->() { return nullableValue; }
+-        const T* operator->() const { return nullableValue; }
++// end catch_estimate.hpp
++// start catch_outlier_classification.hpp
+ 
+-        T valueOr( T const& defaultValue ) const {
+-            return nullableValue ? *nullableValue : defaultValue;
+-        }
++// Outlier information
+ 
+-        bool some() const { return nullableValue != nullptr; }
+-        bool none() const { return nullableValue == nullptr; }
++namespace Catch {
++    namespace Benchmark {
++        struct OutlierClassification {
++            int samples_seen = 0;
++            int low_severe = 0;     // more than 3 times IQR below Q1
++            int low_mild = 0;       // 1.5 to 3 times IQR below Q1
++            int high_mild = 0;      // 1.5 to 3 times IQR above Q3
++            int high_severe = 0;    // more than 3 times IQR above Q3
+ 
+-        bool operator !() const { return nullableValue == nullptr; }
+-        explicit operator bool() const {
+-            return some();
+-        }
++            int total() const {
++                return low_severe + low_mild + high_mild + high_severe;
++            }
++        };
++    } // namespace Benchmark
++} // namespace Catch
+ 
+-    private:
+-        T *nullableValue;
+-        alignas(alignof(T)) char storage[sizeof(T)];
+-    };
++// end catch_outlier_classification.hpp
+ 
+-} // end namespace Catch
++#include <iterator>
++#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING
+ 
+-// end catch_option.hpp
+ #include <string>
+ #include <iosfwd>
+ #include <map>
+ #include <set>
+ #include <memory>
++#include <algorithm>
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+@@ -3213,6 +5493,7 @@
+ 
+     struct ReporterPreferences {
+         bool shouldRedirectStdOut = false;
++        bool shouldReportAllAssertions = false;
+     };
+ 
+     template<typename T>
+@@ -3250,8 +5531,8 @@
+ 
+         AssertionStats( AssertionStats const& )              = default;
+         AssertionStats( AssertionStats && )                  = default;
+-        AssertionStats& operator = ( AssertionStats const& ) = default;
+-        AssertionStats& operator = ( AssertionStats && )     = default;
++        AssertionStats& operator = ( AssertionStats const& ) = delete;
++        AssertionStats& operator = ( AssertionStats && )     = delete;
+         virtual ~AssertionStats();
+ 
+         AssertionResult assertionResult;
+@@ -3329,14 +5610,43 @@
+         bool aborting;
+     };
+ 
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING)
+     struct BenchmarkInfo {
+         std::string name;
++        double estimatedDuration;
++        int iterations;
++        int samples;
++        unsigned int resamples;
++        double clockResolution;
++        double clockCost;
+     };
++
++    template <class Duration>
+     struct BenchmarkStats {
+         BenchmarkInfo info;
+-        std::size_t iterations;
+-        uint64_t elapsedTimeInNanoseconds;
++
++        std::vector<Duration> samples;
++        Benchmark::Estimate<Duration> mean;
++        Benchmark::Estimate<Duration> standardDeviation;
++        Benchmark::OutlierClassification outliers;
++        double outlierVariance;
++
++        template <typename Duration2>
++        operator BenchmarkStats<Duration2>() const {
++            std::vector<Duration2> samples2;
++            samples2.reserve(samples.size());
++            std::transform(samples.begin(), samples.end(), std::back_inserter(samples2), [](Duration d) { return Duration2(d); });
++            return {
++                info,
++                std::move(samples2),
++                mean,
++                standardDeviation,
++                outliers,
++                outlierVariance,
++            };
++        }
+     };
++#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING
+ 
+     struct IStreamingReporter {
+         virtual ~IStreamingReporter() = default;
+@@ -3349,23 +5659,26 @@
+ 
+         virtual void noMatchingTestCases( std::string const& spec ) = 0;
+ 
++        virtual void reportInvalidArguments(std::string const&) {}
++
+         virtual void testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& testRunInfo ) = 0;
+         virtual void testGroupStarting( GroupInfo const& groupInfo ) = 0;
+ 
+         virtual void testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) = 0;
+         virtual void sectionStarting( SectionInfo const& sectionInfo ) = 0;
+ 
+-        // *** experimental ***
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING)
++        virtual void benchmarkPreparing( std::string const& ) {}
+         virtual void benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& ) {}
++        virtual void benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& ) {}
++        virtual void benchmarkFailed( std::string const& ) {}
++#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING
+ 
+         virtual void assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& assertionInfo ) = 0;
+ 
+         // The return value indicates if the messages buffer should be cleared:
+         virtual bool assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) = 0;
+ 
+-        // *** experimental ***
+-        virtual void benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats const& ) {}
+-
+         virtual void sectionEnded( SectionStats const& sectionStats ) = 0;
+         virtual void testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats ) = 0;
+         virtual void testGroupEnded( TestGroupStats const& testGroupStats ) = 0;
+@@ -3397,8 +5710,6 @@
+         virtual Listeners const& getListeners() const = 0;
+     };
+ 
+-    void addReporter( IStreamingReporterPtr& existingReporter, IStreamingReporterPtr&& additionalReporter );
+-
+ } // end namespace Catch
+ 
+ // end catch_interfaces_reporter.h
+@@ -3406,8 +5717,9 @@
+ #include <cstring>
+ #include <cfloat>
+ #include <cstdio>
+-#include <assert.h>
++#include <cassert>
+ #include <memory>
++#include <ostream>
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+     void prepareExpandedExpression(AssertionResult& result);
+@@ -3415,6 +5727,11 @@
+     // Returns double formatted as %.3f (format expected on output)
+     std::string getFormattedDuration( double duration );
+ 
++    //! Should the reporter show
++    bool shouldShowDuration( IConfig const& config, double duration );
++
++    std::string serializeFilters( std::vector<std::string> const& container );
++
+     template<typename DerivedT>
+     struct StreamingReporterBase : IStreamingReporter {
+ 
+@@ -3423,7 +5740,8 @@
+             stream( _config.stream() )
+         {
+             m_reporterPrefs.shouldRedirectStdOut = false;
+-            CATCH_ENFORCE( DerivedT::getSupportedVerbosities().count( m_config->verbosity() ), "Verbosity level not supported by this reporter" );
++            if( !DerivedT::getSupportedVerbosities().count( m_config->verbosity() ) )
++                CATCH_ERROR( "Verbosity level not supported by this reporter" );
+         }
+ 
+         ReporterPreferences getPreferences() const override {
+@@ -3438,9 +5756,12 @@
+ 
+         void noMatchingTestCases(std::string const&) override {}
+ 
++        void reportInvalidArguments(std::string const&) override {}
++
+         void testRunStarting(TestRunInfo const& _testRunInfo) override {
+             currentTestRunInfo = _testRunInfo;
+         }
++
+         void testGroupStarting(GroupInfo const& _groupInfo) override {
+             currentGroupInfo = _groupInfo;
+         }
+@@ -3536,7 +5857,8 @@
+             stream( _config.stream() )
+         {
+             m_reporterPrefs.shouldRedirectStdOut = false;
+-            CATCH_ENFORCE( DerivedT::getSupportedVerbosities().count( m_config->verbosity() ), "Verbosity level not supported by this reporter" );
++            if( !DerivedT::getSupportedVerbosities().count( m_config->verbosity() ) )
++                CATCH_ERROR( "Verbosity level not supported by this reporter" );
+         }
+         ~CumulativeReporterBase() override = default;
+ 
+@@ -3652,6 +5974,8 @@
+     struct TestEventListenerBase : StreamingReporterBase<TestEventListenerBase> {
+         TestEventListenerBase( ReporterConfig const& _config );
+ 
++        static std::set<Verbosity> getSupportedVerbosities();
++
+         void assertionStarting(AssertionInfo const&) override;
+         bool assertionEnded(AssertionStats const&) override;
+     };
+@@ -3681,10 +6005,11 @@
+             BrightGreen = Bright | Green,
+             LightGrey = Bright | Grey,
+             BrightWhite = Bright | White,
++            BrightYellow = Bright | Yellow,
+ 
+             // By intention
+             FileName = LightGrey,
+-            Warning = Yellow,
++            Warning = BrightYellow,
+             ResultError = BrightRed,
+             ResultSuccess = BrightGreen,
+             ResultExpectedFailure = Warning,
+@@ -3693,7 +6018,7 @@
+             Success = Green,
+ 
+             OriginalExpression = Cyan,
+-            ReconstructedExpression = Yellow,
++            ReconstructedExpression = BrightYellow,
+ 
+             SecondaryText = LightGrey,
+             Headers = White
+@@ -3727,18 +6052,18 @@
+ 
+         class ReporterFactory : public IReporterFactory {
+ 
+-            virtual IStreamingReporterPtr create( ReporterConfig const& config ) const override {
++            IStreamingReporterPtr create( ReporterConfig const& config ) const override {
+                 return std::unique_ptr<T>( new T( config ) );
+             }
+ 
+-            virtual std::string getDescription() const override {
++            std::string getDescription() const override {
+                 return T::getDescription();
+             }
+         };
+ 
+     public:
+ 
+-        ReporterRegistrar( std::string const& name ) {
++        explicit ReporterRegistrar( std::string const& name ) {
+             getMutableRegistryHub().registerReporter( name, std::make_shared<ReporterFactory>() );
+         }
+     };
+@@ -3748,10 +6073,10 @@
+ 
+         class ListenerFactory : public IReporterFactory {
+ 
+-            virtual IStreamingReporterPtr create( ReporterConfig const& config ) const override {
++            IStreamingReporterPtr create( ReporterConfig const& config ) const override {
+                 return std::unique_ptr<T>( new T( config ) );
+             }
+-            virtual std::string getDescription() const override {
++            std::string getDescription() const override {
+                 return std::string();
+             }
+         };
+@@ -3767,14 +6092,16 @@
+ #if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+ 
+ #define CATCH_REGISTER_REPORTER( name, reporterType ) \
++    CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION         \
+     CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS          \
+     namespace{ Catch::ReporterRegistrar<reporterType> catch_internal_RegistrarFor##reporterType( name ); } \
+-    CATCH_INTERNAL_UNSUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS
++    CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+ 
+ #define CATCH_REGISTER_LISTENER( listenerType ) \
+-     CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS   \
+-     namespace{ Catch::ListenerRegistrar<listenerType> catch_internal_RegistrarFor##listenerType; } \
+-     CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS
++    CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION   \
++    CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS    \
++    namespace{ Catch::ListenerRegistrar<listenerType> catch_internal_RegistrarFor##listenerType; } \
++    CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+ #else // CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE
+ 
+ #define CATCH_REGISTER_REPORTER(name, reporterType)
+@@ -3783,9 +6110,1353 @@
+ #endif // CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE
+ 
+ // end catch_reporter_registrars.hpp
++// Allow users to base their work off existing reporters
++// start catch_reporter_compact.h
++
++namespace Catch {
++
++    struct CompactReporter : StreamingReporterBase<CompactReporter> {
++
++        using StreamingReporterBase::StreamingReporterBase;
++
++        ~CompactReporter() override;
++
++        static std::string getDescription();
++
++        void noMatchingTestCases(std::string const& spec) override;
++
++        void assertionStarting(AssertionInfo const&) override;
++
++        bool assertionEnded(AssertionStats const& _assertionStats) override;
++
++        void sectionEnded(SectionStats const& _sectionStats) override;
++
++        void testRunEnded(TestRunStats const& _testRunStats) override;
++
++    };
++
++} // end namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_reporter_compact.h
++// start catch_reporter_console.h
++
++#if defined(_MSC_VER)
++#pragma warning(push)
++#pragma warning(disable:4061) // Not all labels are EXPLICITLY handled in switch
++                              // Note that 4062 (not all labels are handled
++                              // and default is missing) is enabled
++#endif
++
++namespace Catch {
++    // Fwd decls
++    struct SummaryColumn;
++    class TablePrinter;
++
++    struct ConsoleReporter : StreamingReporterBase<ConsoleReporter> {
++        std::unique_ptr<TablePrinter> m_tablePrinter;
++
++        ConsoleReporter(ReporterConfig const& config);
++        ~ConsoleReporter() override;
++        static std::string getDescription();
++
++        void noMatchingTestCases(std::string const& spec) override;
++
++        void reportInvalidArguments(std::string const&arg) override;
++
++        void assertionStarting(AssertionInfo const&) override;
++
++        bool assertionEnded(AssertionStats const& _assertionStats) override;
++
++        void sectionStarting(SectionInfo const& _sectionInfo) override;
++        void sectionEnded(SectionStats const& _sectionStats) override;
++
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING)
++        void benchmarkPreparing(std::string const& name) override;
++        void benchmarkStarting(BenchmarkInfo const& info) override;
++        void benchmarkEnded(BenchmarkStats<> const& stats) override;
++        void benchmarkFailed(std::string const& error) override;
++#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING
++
++        void testCaseEnded(TestCaseStats const& _testCaseStats) override;
++        void testGroupEnded(TestGroupStats const& _testGroupStats) override;
++        void testRunEnded(TestRunStats const& _testRunStats) override;
++        void testRunStarting(TestRunInfo const& _testRunInfo) override;
++    private:
++
++        void lazyPrint();
++
++        void lazyPrintWithoutClosingBenchmarkTable();
++        void lazyPrintRunInfo();
++        void lazyPrintGroupInfo();
++        void printTestCaseAndSectionHeader();
++
++        void printClosedHeader(std::string const& _name);
++        void printOpenHeader(std::string const& _name);
++
++        // if string has a : in first line will set indent to follow it on
++        // subsequent lines
++        void printHeaderString(std::string const& _string, std::size_t indent = 0);
++
++        void printTotals(Totals const& totals);
++        void printSummaryRow(std::string const& label, std::vector<SummaryColumn> const& cols, std::size_t row);
++
++        void printTotalsDivider(Totals const& totals);
++        void printSummaryDivider();
++        void printTestFilters();
++
++    private:
++        bool m_headerPrinted = false;
++    };
++
++} // end namespace Catch
++
++#if defined(_MSC_VER)
++#pragma warning(pop)
++#endif
++
++// end catch_reporter_console.h
++// start catch_reporter_junit.h
++
++// start catch_xmlwriter.h
++
++#include <vector>
++
++namespace Catch {
++    enum class XmlFormatting {
++        None = 0x00,
++        Indent = 0x01,
++        Newline = 0x02,
++    };
++
++    XmlFormatting operator | (XmlFormatting lhs, XmlFormatting rhs);
++    XmlFormatting operator & (XmlFormatting lhs, XmlFormatting rhs);
++
++    class XmlEncode {
++    public:
++        enum ForWhat { ForTextNodes, ForAttributes };
++
++        XmlEncode( std::string const& str, ForWhat forWhat = ForTextNodes );
++
++        void encodeTo( std::ostream& os ) const;
++
++        friend std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, XmlEncode const& xmlEncode );
++
++    private:
++        std::string m_str;
++        ForWhat m_forWhat;
++    };
++
++    class XmlWriter {
++    public:
++
++        class ScopedElement {
++        public:
++            ScopedElement( XmlWriter* writer, XmlFormatting fmt );
++
++            ScopedElement( ScopedElement&& other ) noexcept;
++            ScopedElement& operator=( ScopedElement&& other ) noexcept;
++
++            ~ScopedElement();
++
++            ScopedElement& writeText( std::string const& text, XmlFormatting fmt = XmlFormatting::Newline | XmlFormatting::Indent );
++
++            template<typename T>
++            ScopedElement& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, T const& attribute ) {
++                m_writer->writeAttribute( name, attribute );
++                return *this;
++            }
++
++        private:
++            mutable XmlWriter* m_writer = nullptr;
++            XmlFormatting m_fmt;
++        };
++
++        XmlWriter( std::ostream& os = Catch::cout() );
++        ~XmlWriter();
++
++        XmlWriter( XmlWriter const& ) = delete;
++        XmlWriter& operator=( XmlWriter const& ) = delete;
++
++        XmlWriter& startElement( std::string const& name, XmlFormatting fmt = XmlFormatting::Newline | XmlFormatting::Indent);
++
++        ScopedElement scopedElement( std::string const& name, XmlFormatting fmt = XmlFormatting::Newline | XmlFormatting::Indent);
++
++        XmlWriter& endElement(XmlFormatting fmt = XmlFormatting::Newline | XmlFormatting::Indent);
++
++        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, std::string const& attribute );
++
++        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, bool attribute );
++
++        template<typename T>
++        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, T const& attribute ) {
++            ReusableStringStream rss;
++            rss << attribute;
++            return writeAttribute( name, rss.str() );
++        }
++
++        XmlWriter& writeText( std::string const& text, XmlFormatting fmt = XmlFormatting::Newline | XmlFormatting::Indent);
++
++        XmlWriter& writeComment(std::string const& text, XmlFormatting fmt = XmlFormatting::Newline | XmlFormatting::Indent);
++
++        void writeStylesheetRef( std::string const& url );
++
++        XmlWriter& writeBlankLine();
++
++        void ensureTagClosed();
++
++    private:
++
++        void applyFormatting(XmlFormatting fmt);
++
++        void writeDeclaration();
++
++        void newlineIfNecessary();
++
++        bool m_tagIsOpen = false;
++        bool m_needsNewline = false;
++        std::vector<std::string> m_tags;
++        std::string m_indent;
++        std::ostream& m_os;
++    };
++
++}
++
++// end catch_xmlwriter.h
++namespace Catch {
++
++    class JunitReporter : public CumulativeReporterBase<JunitReporter> {
++    public:
++        JunitReporter(ReporterConfig const& _config);
++
++        ~JunitReporter() override;
++
++        static std::string getDescription();
++
++        void noMatchingTestCases(std::string const& /*spec*/) override;
++
++        void testRunStarting(TestRunInfo const& runInfo) override;
++
++        void testGroupStarting(GroupInfo const& groupInfo) override;
++
++        void testCaseStarting(TestCaseInfo const& testCaseInfo) override;
++        bool assertionEnded(AssertionStats const& assertionStats) override;
++
++        void testCaseEnded(TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats) override;
++
++        void testGroupEnded(TestGroupStats const& testGroupStats) override;
++
++        void testRunEndedCumulative() override;
++
++        void writeGroup(TestGroupNode const& groupNode, double suiteTime);
++
++        void writeTestCase(TestCaseNode const& testCaseNode);
++
++        void writeSection( std::string const& className,
++                           std::string const& rootName,
++                           SectionNode const& sectionNode,
++                           bool testOkToFail );
++
++        void writeAssertions(SectionNode const& sectionNode);
++        void writeAssertion(AssertionStats const& stats);
++
++        XmlWriter xml;
++        Timer suiteTimer;
++        std::string stdOutForSuite;
++        std::string stdErrForSuite;
++        unsigned int unexpectedExceptions = 0;
++        bool m_okToFail = false;
++    };
++
++} // end namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_reporter_junit.h
++// start catch_reporter_xml.h
++
++namespace Catch {
++    class XmlReporter : public StreamingReporterBase<XmlReporter> {
++    public:
++        XmlReporter(ReporterConfig const& _config);
++
++        ~XmlReporter() override;
++
++        static std::string getDescription();
++
++        virtual std::string getStylesheetRef() const;
++
++        void writeSourceInfo(SourceLineInfo const& sourceInfo);
++
++    public: // StreamingReporterBase
++
++        void noMatchingTestCases(std::string const& s) override;
++
++        void testRunStarting(TestRunInfo const& testInfo) override;
++
++        void testGroupStarting(GroupInfo const& groupInfo) override;
++
++        void testCaseStarting(TestCaseInfo const& testInfo) override;
++
++        void sectionStarting(SectionInfo const& sectionInfo) override;
++
++        void assertionStarting(AssertionInfo const&) override;
++
++        bool assertionEnded(AssertionStats const& assertionStats) override;
++
++        void sectionEnded(SectionStats const& sectionStats) override;
++
++        void testCaseEnded(TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats) override;
++
++        void testGroupEnded(TestGroupStats const& testGroupStats) override;
++
++        void testRunEnded(TestRunStats const& testRunStats) override;
++
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING)
++        void benchmarkPreparing(std::string const& name) override;
++        void benchmarkStarting(BenchmarkInfo const&) override;
++        void benchmarkEnded(BenchmarkStats<> const&) override;
++        void benchmarkFailed(std::string const&) override;
++#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING
++
++    private:
++        Timer m_testCaseTimer;
++        XmlWriter m_xml;
++        int m_sectionDepth = 0;
++    };
++
++} // end namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_reporter_xml.h
++
+ // end catch_external_interfaces.h
+ #endif
+ 
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING)
++// start catch_benchmarking_all.hpp
++
++// A proxy header that includes all of the benchmarking headers to allow
++// concise include of the benchmarking features. You should prefer the
++// individual includes in standard use.
++
++// start catch_benchmark.hpp
++
++ // Benchmark
++
++// start catch_chronometer.hpp
++
++// User-facing chronometer
++
++
++// start catch_clock.hpp
++
++// Clocks
++
++
++#include <chrono>
++#include <ratio>
++
++namespace Catch {
++    namespace Benchmark {
++        template <typename Clock>
++        using ClockDuration = typename Clock::duration;
++        template <typename Clock>
++        using FloatDuration = std::chrono::duration<double, typename Clock::period>;
++
++        template <typename Clock>
++        using TimePoint = typename Clock::time_point;
++
++        using default_clock = std::chrono::steady_clock;
++
++        template <typename Clock>
++        struct now {
++            TimePoint<Clock> operator()() const {
++                return Clock::now();
++            }
++        };
++
++        using fp_seconds = std::chrono::duration<double, std::ratio<1>>;
++    } // namespace Benchmark
++} // namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_clock.hpp
++// start catch_optimizer.hpp
++
++ // Hinting the optimizer
++
++
++#if defined(_MSC_VER)
++#   include <atomic> // atomic_thread_fence
++#endif
++
++namespace Catch {
++    namespace Benchmark {
++#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
++        template <typename T>
++        inline void keep_memory(T* p) {
++            asm volatile("" : : "g"(p) : "memory");
++        }
++        inline void keep_memory() {
++            asm volatile("" : : : "memory");
++        }
++
++        namespace Detail {
++            inline void optimizer_barrier() { keep_memory(); }
++        } // namespace Detail
++#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
++
++#pragma optimize("", off)
++        template <typename T>
++        inline void keep_memory(T* p) {
++            // thanks @milleniumbug
++            *reinterpret_cast<char volatile*>(p) = *reinterpret_cast<char const volatile*>(p);
++        }
++        // TODO equivalent keep_memory()
++#pragma optimize("", on)
++
++        namespace Detail {
++            inline void optimizer_barrier() {
++                std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_seq_cst);
++            }
++        } // namespace Detail
++
++#endif
++
++        template <typename T>
++        inline void deoptimize_value(T&& x) {
++            keep_memory(&x);
++        }
++
++        template <typename Fn, typename... Args>
++        inline auto invoke_deoptimized(Fn&& fn, Args&&... args) -> typename std::enable_if<!std::is_same<void, decltype(fn(args...))>::value>::type {
++            deoptimize_value(std::forward<Fn>(fn) (std::forward<Args...>(args...)));
++        }
++
++        template <typename Fn, typename... Args>
++        inline auto invoke_deoptimized(Fn&& fn, Args&&... args) -> typename std::enable_if<std::is_same<void, decltype(fn(args...))>::value>::type {
++            std::forward<Fn>(fn) (std::forward<Args...>(args...));
++        }
++    } // namespace Benchmark
++} // namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_optimizer.hpp
++// start catch_complete_invoke.hpp
++
++// Invoke with a special case for void
++
++
++#include <type_traits>
++#include <utility>
++
++namespace Catch {
++    namespace Benchmark {
++        namespace Detail {
++            template <typename T>
++            struct CompleteType { using type = T; };
++            template <>
++            struct CompleteType<void> { struct type {}; };
++
++            template <typename T>
++            using CompleteType_t = typename CompleteType<T>::type;
++
++            template <typename Result>
++            struct CompleteInvoker {
++                template <typename Fun, typename... Args>
++                static Result invoke(Fun&& fun, Args&&... args) {
++                    return std::forward<Fun>(fun)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
++                }
++            };
++            template <>
++            struct CompleteInvoker<void> {
++                template <typename Fun, typename... Args>
++                static CompleteType_t<void> invoke(Fun&& fun, Args&&... args) {
++                    std::forward<Fun>(fun)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
++                    return {};
++                }
++            };
++
++            // invoke and not return void :(
++            template <typename Fun, typename... Args>
++            CompleteType_t<FunctionReturnType<Fun, Args...>> complete_invoke(Fun&& fun, Args&&... args) {
++                return CompleteInvoker<FunctionReturnType<Fun, Args...>>::invoke(std::forward<Fun>(fun), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
++            }
++
++            const std::string benchmarkErrorMsg = "a benchmark failed to run successfully";
++        } // namespace Detail
++
++        template <typename Fun>
++        Detail::CompleteType_t<FunctionReturnType<Fun>> user_code(Fun&& fun) {
++            CATCH_TRY{
++                return Detail::complete_invoke(std::forward<Fun>(fun));
++            } CATCH_CATCH_ALL{
++                getResultCapture().benchmarkFailed(translateActiveException());
++                CATCH_RUNTIME_ERROR(Detail::benchmarkErrorMsg);
++            }
++        }
++    } // namespace Benchmark
++} // namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_complete_invoke.hpp
++namespace Catch {
++    namespace Benchmark {
++        namespace Detail {
++            struct ChronometerConcept {
++                virtual void start() = 0;
++                virtual void finish() = 0;
++                virtual ~ChronometerConcept() = default;
++            };
++            template <typename Clock>
++            struct ChronometerModel final : public ChronometerConcept {
++                void start() override { started = Clock::now(); }
++                void finish() override { finished = Clock::now(); }
++
++                ClockDuration<Clock> elapsed() const { return finished - started; }
++
++                TimePoint<Clock> started;
++                TimePoint<Clock> finished;
++            };
++        } // namespace Detail
++
++        struct Chronometer {
++        public:
++            template <typename Fun>
++            void measure(Fun&& fun) { measure(std::forward<Fun>(fun), is_callable<Fun(int)>()); }
++
++            int runs() const { return k; }
++
++            Chronometer(Detail::ChronometerConcept& meter, int k)
++                : impl(&meter)
++                , k(k) {}
++
++        private:
++            template <typename Fun>
++            void measure(Fun&& fun, std::false_type) {
++                measure([&fun](int) { return fun(); }, std::true_type());
++            }
++
++            template <typename Fun>
++            void measure(Fun&& fun, std::true_type) {
++                Detail::optimizer_barrier();
++                impl->start();
++                for (int i = 0; i < k; ++i) invoke_deoptimized(fun, i);
++                impl->finish();
++                Detail::optimizer_barrier();
++            }
++
++            Detail::ChronometerConcept* impl;
++            int k;
++        };
++    } // namespace Benchmark
++} // namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_chronometer.hpp
++// start catch_environment.hpp
++
++// Environment information
++
++
++namespace Catch {
++    namespace Benchmark {
++        template <typename Duration>
++        struct EnvironmentEstimate {
++            Duration mean;
++            OutlierClassification outliers;
++
++            template <typename Duration2>
++            operator EnvironmentEstimate<Duration2>() const {
++                return { mean, outliers };
++            }
++        };
++        template <typename Clock>
++        struct Environment {
++            using clock_type = Clock;
++            EnvironmentEstimate<FloatDuration<Clock>> clock_resolution;
++            EnvironmentEstimate<FloatDuration<Clock>> clock_cost;
++        };
++    } // namespace Benchmark
++} // namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_environment.hpp
++// start catch_execution_plan.hpp
++
++ // Execution plan
++
++
++// start catch_benchmark_function.hpp
++
++ // Dumb std::function implementation for consistent call overhead
++
++
++#include <cassert>
++#include <type_traits>
++#include <utility>
++#include <memory>
++
++namespace Catch {
++    namespace Benchmark {
++        namespace Detail {
++            template <typename T>
++            using Decay = typename std::decay<T>::type;
++            template <typename T, typename U>
++            struct is_related
++                : std::is_same<Decay<T>, Decay<U>> {};
++
++            /// We need to reinvent std::function because every piece of code that might add overhead
++            /// in a measurement context needs to have consistent performance characteristics so that we
++            /// can account for it in the measurement.
++            /// Implementations of std::function with optimizations that aren't always applicable, like
++            /// small buffer optimizations, are not uncommon.
++            /// This is effectively an implementation of std::function without any such optimizations;
++            /// it may be slow, but it is consistently slow.
++            struct BenchmarkFunction {
++            private:
++                struct callable {
++                    virtual void call(Chronometer meter) const = 0;
++                    virtual callable* clone() const = 0;
++                    virtual ~callable() = default;
++                };
++                template <typename Fun>
++                struct model : public callable {
++                    model(Fun&& fun) : fun(std::move(fun)) {}
++                    model(Fun const& fun) : fun(fun) {}
++
++                    model<Fun>* clone() const override { return new model<Fun>(*this); }
++
++                    void call(Chronometer meter) const override {
++                        call(meter, is_callable<Fun(Chronometer)>());
++                    }
++                    void call(Chronometer meter, std::true_type) const {
++                        fun(meter);
++                    }
++                    void call(Chronometer meter, std::false_type) const {
++                        meter.measure(fun);
++                    }
++
++                    Fun fun;
++                };
++
++                struct do_nothing { void operator()() const {} };
++
++                template <typename T>
++                BenchmarkFunction(model<T>* c) : f(c) {}
++
++            public:
++                BenchmarkFunction()
++                    : f(new model<do_nothing>{ {} }) {}
++
++                template <typename Fun,
++                    typename std::enable_if<!is_related<Fun, BenchmarkFunction>::value, int>::type = 0>
++                    BenchmarkFunction(Fun&& fun)
++                    : f(new model<typename std::decay<Fun>::type>(std::forward<Fun>(fun))) {}
++
++                BenchmarkFunction(BenchmarkFunction&& that)
++                    : f(std::move(that.f)) {}
++
++                BenchmarkFunction(BenchmarkFunction const& that)
++                    : f(that.f->clone()) {}
++
++                BenchmarkFunction& operator=(BenchmarkFunction&& that) {
++                    f = std::move(that.f);
++                    return *this;
++                }
++
++                BenchmarkFunction& operator=(BenchmarkFunction const& that) {
++                    f.reset(that.f->clone());
++                    return *this;
++                }
++
++                void operator()(Chronometer meter) const { f->call(meter); }
++
++            private:
++                std::unique_ptr<callable> f;
++            };
++        } // namespace Detail
++    } // namespace Benchmark
++} // namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_benchmark_function.hpp
++// start catch_repeat.hpp
++
++// repeat algorithm
++
++
++#include <type_traits>
++#include <utility>
++
++namespace Catch {
++    namespace Benchmark {
++        namespace Detail {
++            template <typename Fun>
++            struct repeater {
++                void operator()(int k) const {
++                    for (int i = 0; i < k; ++i) {
++                        fun();
++                    }
++                }
++                Fun fun;
++            };
++            template <typename Fun>
++            repeater<typename std::decay<Fun>::type> repeat(Fun&& fun) {
++                return { std::forward<Fun>(fun) };
++            }
++        } // namespace Detail
++    } // namespace Benchmark
++} // namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_repeat.hpp
++// start catch_run_for_at_least.hpp
++
++// Run a function for a minimum amount of time
++
++
++// start catch_measure.hpp
++
++// Measure
++
++
++// start catch_timing.hpp
++
++// Timing
++
++
++#include <tuple>
++#include <type_traits>
++
++namespace Catch {
++    namespace Benchmark {
++        template <typename Duration, typename Result>
++        struct Timing {
++            Duration elapsed;
++            Result result;
++            int iterations;
++        };
++        template <typename Clock, typename Func, typename... Args>
++        using TimingOf = Timing<ClockDuration<Clock>, Detail::CompleteType_t<FunctionReturnType<Func, Args...>>>;
++    } // namespace Benchmark
++} // namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_timing.hpp
++#include <utility>
++
++namespace Catch {
++    namespace Benchmark {
++        namespace Detail {
++            template <typename Clock, typename Fun, typename... Args>
++            TimingOf<Clock, Fun, Args...> measure(Fun&& fun, Args&&... args) {
++                auto start = Clock::now();
++                auto&& r = Detail::complete_invoke(fun, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
++                auto end = Clock::now();
++                auto delta = end - start;
++                return { delta, std::forward<decltype(r)>(r), 1 };
++            }
++        } // namespace Detail
++    } // namespace Benchmark
++} // namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_measure.hpp
++#include <utility>
++#include <type_traits>
++
++namespace Catch {
++    namespace Benchmark {
++        namespace Detail {
++            template <typename Clock, typename Fun>
++            TimingOf<Clock, Fun, int> measure_one(Fun&& fun, int iters, std::false_type) {
++                return Detail::measure<Clock>(fun, iters);
++            }
++            template <typename Clock, typename Fun>
++            TimingOf<Clock, Fun, Chronometer> measure_one(Fun&& fun, int iters, std::true_type) {
++                Detail::ChronometerModel<Clock> meter;
++                auto&& result = Detail::complete_invoke(fun, Chronometer(meter, iters));
++
++                return { meter.elapsed(), std::move(result), iters };
++            }
++
++            template <typename Clock, typename Fun>
++            using run_for_at_least_argument_t = typename std::conditional<is_callable<Fun(Chronometer)>::value, Chronometer, int>::type;
++
++            struct optimized_away_error : std::exception {
++                const char* what() const noexcept override {
++                    return "could not measure benchmark, maybe it was optimized away";
++                }
++            };
++
++            template <typename Clock, typename Fun>
++            TimingOf<Clock, Fun, run_for_at_least_argument_t<Clock, Fun>> run_for_at_least(ClockDuration<Clock> how_long, int seed, Fun&& fun) {
++                auto iters = seed;
++                while (iters < (1 << 30)) {
++                    auto&& Timing = measure_one<Clock>(fun, iters, is_callable<Fun(Chronometer)>());
++
++                    if (Timing.elapsed >= how_long) {
++                        return { Timing.elapsed, std::move(Timing.result), iters };
++                    }
++                    iters *= 2;
++                }
++                Catch::throw_exception(optimized_away_error{});
++            }
++        } // namespace Detail
++    } // namespace Benchmark
++} // namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_run_for_at_least.hpp
++#include <algorithm>
++#include <iterator>
++
++namespace Catch {
++    namespace Benchmark {
++        template <typename Duration>
++        struct ExecutionPlan {
++            int iterations_per_sample;
++            Duration estimated_duration;
++            Detail::BenchmarkFunction benchmark;
++            Duration warmup_time;
++            int warmup_iterations;
++
++            template <typename Duration2>
++            operator ExecutionPlan<Duration2>() const {
++                return { iterations_per_sample, estimated_duration, benchmark, warmup_time, warmup_iterations };
++            }
++
++            template <typename Clock>
++            std::vector<FloatDuration<Clock>> run(const IConfig &cfg, Environment<FloatDuration<Clock>> env) const {
++                // warmup a bit
++                Detail::run_for_at_least<Clock>(std::chrono::duration_cast<ClockDuration<Clock>>(warmup_time), warmup_iterations, Detail::repeat(now<Clock>{}));
++
++                std::vector<FloatDuration<Clock>> times;
++                times.reserve(cfg.benchmarkSamples());
++                std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(times), cfg.benchmarkSamples(), [this, env] {
++                    Detail::ChronometerModel<Clock> model;
++                    this->benchmark(Chronometer(model, iterations_per_sample));
++                    auto sample_time = model.elapsed() - env.clock_cost.mean;
++                    if (sample_time < FloatDuration<Clock>::zero()) sample_time = FloatDuration<Clock>::zero();
++                    return sample_time / iterations_per_sample;
++                });
++                return times;
++            }
++        };
++    } // namespace Benchmark
++} // namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_execution_plan.hpp
++// start catch_estimate_clock.hpp
++
++ // Environment measurement
++
++
++// start catch_stats.hpp
++
++// Statistical analysis tools
++
++
++#include <algorithm>
++#include <functional>
++#include <vector>
++#include <iterator>
++#include <numeric>
++#include <tuple>
++#include <cmath>
++#include <utility>
++#include <cstddef>
++#include <random>
++
++namespace Catch {
++    namespace Benchmark {
++        namespace Detail {
++            using sample = std::vector<double>;
++
++            double weighted_average_quantile(int k, int q, std::vector<double>::iterator first, std::vector<double>::iterator last);
++
++            template <typename Iterator>
++            OutlierClassification classify_outliers(Iterator first, Iterator last) {
++                std::vector<double> copy(first, last);
++
++                auto q1 = weighted_average_quantile(1, 4, copy.begin(), copy.end());
++                auto q3 = weighted_average_quantile(3, 4, copy.begin(), copy.end());
++                auto iqr = q3 - q1;
++                auto los = q1 - (iqr * 3.);
++                auto lom = q1 - (iqr * 1.5);
++                auto him = q3 + (iqr * 1.5);
++                auto his = q3 + (iqr * 3.);
++
++                OutlierClassification o;
++                for (; first != last; ++first) {
++                    auto&& t = *first;
++                    if (t < los) ++o.low_severe;
++                    else if (t < lom) ++o.low_mild;
++                    else if (t > his) ++o.high_severe;
++                    else if (t > him) ++o.high_mild;
++                    ++o.samples_seen;
++                }
++                return o;
++            }
++
++            template <typename Iterator>
++            double mean(Iterator first, Iterator last) {
++                auto count = last - first;
++                double sum = std::accumulate(first, last, 0.);
++                return sum / count;
++            }
++
++            template <typename URng, typename Iterator, typename Estimator>
++            sample resample(URng& rng, int resamples, Iterator first, Iterator last, Estimator& estimator) {
++                auto n = last - first;
++                std::uniform_int_distribution<decltype(n)> dist(0, n - 1);
++
++                sample out;
++                out.reserve(resamples);
++                std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(out), resamples, [n, first, &estimator, &dist, &rng] {
++                    std::vector<double> resampled;
++                    resampled.reserve(n);
++                    std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(resampled), n, [first, &dist, &rng] { return first[dist(rng)]; });
++                    return estimator(resampled.begin(), resampled.end());
++                });
++                std::sort(out.begin(), out.end());
++                return out;
++            }
++
++            template <typename Estimator, typename Iterator>
++            sample jackknife(Estimator&& estimator, Iterator first, Iterator last) {
++                auto n = last - first;
++                auto second = std::next(first);
++                sample results;
++                results.reserve(n);
++
++                for (auto it = first; it != last; ++it) {
++                    std::iter_swap(it, first);
++                    results.push_back(estimator(second, last));
++                }
++
++                return results;
++            }
++
++            inline double normal_cdf(double x) {
++                return std::erfc(-x / std::sqrt(2.0)) / 2.0;
++            }
++
++            double erfc_inv(double x);
++
++            double normal_quantile(double p);
++
++            template <typename Iterator, typename Estimator>
++            Estimate<double> bootstrap(double confidence_level, Iterator first, Iterator last, sample const& resample, Estimator&& estimator) {
++                auto n_samples = last - first;
++
++                double point = estimator(first, last);
++                // Degenerate case with a single sample
++                if (n_samples == 1) return { point, point, point, confidence_level };
++
++                sample jack = jackknife(estimator, first, last);
++                double jack_mean = mean(jack.begin(), jack.end());
++                double sum_squares, sum_cubes;
++                std::tie(sum_squares, sum_cubes) = std::accumulate(jack.begin(), jack.end(), std::make_pair(0., 0.), [jack_mean](std::pair<double, double> sqcb, double x) -> std::pair<double, double> {
++                    auto d = jack_mean - x;
++                    auto d2 = d * d;
++                    auto d3 = d2 * d;
++                    return { sqcb.first + d2, sqcb.second + d3 };
++                });
++
++                double accel = sum_cubes / (6 * std::pow(sum_squares, 1.5));
++                int n = static_cast<int>(resample.size());
++                double prob_n = std::count_if(resample.begin(), resample.end(), [point](double x) { return x < point; }) / (double)n;
++                // degenerate case with uniform samples
++                if (prob_n == 0) return { point, point, point, confidence_level };
++
++                double bias = normal_quantile(prob_n);
++                double z1 = normal_quantile((1. - confidence_level) / 2.);
++
++                auto cumn = [n](double x) -> int {
++                    return std::lround(normal_cdf(x) * n); };
++                auto a = [bias, accel](double b) { return bias + b / (1. - accel * b); };
++                double b1 = bias + z1;
++                double b2 = bias - z1;
++                double a1 = a(b1);
++                double a2 = a(b2);
++                auto lo = (std::max)(cumn(a1), 0);
++                auto hi = (std::min)(cumn(a2), n - 1);
++
++                return { point, resample[lo], resample[hi], confidence_level };
++            }
++
++            double outlier_variance(Estimate<double> mean, Estimate<double> stddev, int n);
++
++            struct bootstrap_analysis {
++                Estimate<double> mean;
++                Estimate<double> standard_deviation;
++                double outlier_variance;
++            };
++
++            bootstrap_analysis analyse_samples(double confidence_level, int n_resamples, std::vector<double>::iterator first, std::vector<double>::iterator last);
++        } // namespace Detail
++    } // namespace Benchmark
++} // namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_stats.hpp
++#include <algorithm>
++#include <iterator>
++#include <tuple>
++#include <vector>
++#include <cmath>
++
++namespace Catch {
++    namespace Benchmark {
++        namespace Detail {
++            template <typename Clock>
++            std::vector<double> resolution(int k) {
++                std::vector<TimePoint<Clock>> times;
++                times.reserve(k + 1);
++                std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(times), k + 1, now<Clock>{});
++
++                std::vector<double> deltas;
++                deltas.reserve(k);
++                std::transform(std::next(times.begin()), times.end(), times.begin(),
++                    std::back_inserter(deltas),
++                    [](TimePoint<Clock> a, TimePoint<Clock> b) { return static_cast<double>((a - b).count()); });
++
++                return deltas;
++            }
++
++            const auto warmup_iterations = 10000;
++            const auto warmup_time = std::chrono::milliseconds(100);
++            const auto minimum_ticks = 1000;
++            const auto warmup_seed = 10000;
++            const auto clock_resolution_estimation_time = std::chrono::milliseconds(500);
++            const auto clock_cost_estimation_time_limit = std::chrono::seconds(1);
++            const auto clock_cost_estimation_tick_limit = 100000;
++            const auto clock_cost_estimation_time = std::chrono::milliseconds(10);
++            const auto clock_cost_estimation_iterations = 10000;
++
++            template <typename Clock>
++            int warmup() {
++                return run_for_at_least<Clock>(std::chrono::duration_cast<ClockDuration<Clock>>(warmup_time), warmup_seed, &resolution<Clock>)
++                    .iterations;
++            }
++            template <typename Clock>
++            EnvironmentEstimate<FloatDuration<Clock>> estimate_clock_resolution(int iterations) {
++                auto r = run_for_at_least<Clock>(std::chrono::duration_cast<ClockDuration<Clock>>(clock_resolution_estimation_time), iterations, &resolution<Clock>)
++                    .result;
++                return {
++                    FloatDuration<Clock>(mean(r.begin(), r.end())),
++                    classify_outliers(r.begin(), r.end()),
++                };
++            }
++            template <typename Clock>
++            EnvironmentEstimate<FloatDuration<Clock>> estimate_clock_cost(FloatDuration<Clock> resolution) {
++                auto time_limit = (std::min)(
++                    resolution * clock_cost_estimation_tick_limit,
++                    FloatDuration<Clock>(clock_cost_estimation_time_limit));
++                auto time_clock = [](int k) {
++                    return Detail::measure<Clock>([k] {
++                        for (int i = 0; i < k; ++i) {
++                            volatile auto ignored = Clock::now();
++                            (void)ignored;
++                        }
++                    }).elapsed;
++                };
++                time_clock(1);
++                int iters = clock_cost_estimation_iterations;
++                auto&& r = run_for_at_least<Clock>(std::chrono::duration_cast<ClockDuration<Clock>>(clock_cost_estimation_time), iters, time_clock);
++                std::vector<double> times;
++                int nsamples = static_cast<int>(std::ceil(time_limit / r.elapsed));
++                times.reserve(nsamples);
++                std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(times), nsamples, [time_clock, &r] {
++                    return static_cast<double>((time_clock(r.iterations) / r.iterations).count());
++                });
++                return {
++                    FloatDuration<Clock>(mean(times.begin(), times.end())),
++                    classify_outliers(times.begin(), times.end()),
++                };
++            }
++
++            template <typename Clock>
++            Environment<FloatDuration<Clock>> measure_environment() {
++                static Environment<FloatDuration<Clock>>* env = nullptr;
++                if (env) {
++                    return *env;
++                }
++
++                auto iters = Detail::warmup<Clock>();
++                auto resolution = Detail::estimate_clock_resolution<Clock>(iters);
++                auto cost = Detail::estimate_clock_cost<Clock>(resolution.mean);
++
++                env = new Environment<FloatDuration<Clock>>{ resolution, cost };
++                return *env;
++            }
++        } // namespace Detail
++    } // namespace Benchmark
++} // namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_estimate_clock.hpp
++// start catch_analyse.hpp
++
++ // Run and analyse one benchmark
++
++
++// start catch_sample_analysis.hpp
++
++// Benchmark results
++
++
++#include <algorithm>
++#include <vector>
++#include <string>
++#include <iterator>
++
++namespace Catch {
++    namespace Benchmark {
++        template <typename Duration>
++        struct SampleAnalysis {
++            std::vector<Duration> samples;
++            Estimate<Duration> mean;
++            Estimate<Duration> standard_deviation;
++            OutlierClassification outliers;
++            double outlier_variance;
++
++            template <typename Duration2>
++            operator SampleAnalysis<Duration2>() const {
++                std::vector<Duration2> samples2;
++                samples2.reserve(samples.size());
++                std::transform(samples.begin(), samples.end(), std::back_inserter(samples2), [](Duration d) { return Duration2(d); });
++                return {
++                    std::move(samples2),
++                    mean,
++                    standard_deviation,
++                    outliers,
++                    outlier_variance,
++                };
++            }
++        };
++    } // namespace Benchmark
++} // namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_sample_analysis.hpp
++#include <algorithm>
++#include <iterator>
++#include <vector>
++
++namespace Catch {
++    namespace Benchmark {
++        namespace Detail {
++            template <typename Duration, typename Iterator>
++            SampleAnalysis<Duration> analyse(const IConfig &cfg, Environment<Duration>, Iterator first, Iterator last) {
++                if (!cfg.benchmarkNoAnalysis()) {
++                    std::vector<double> samples;
++                    samples.reserve(last - first);
++                    std::transform(first, last, std::back_inserter(samples), [](Duration d) { return d.count(); });
++
++                    auto analysis = Catch::Benchmark::Detail::analyse_samples(cfg.benchmarkConfidenceInterval(), cfg.benchmarkResamples(), samples.begin(), samples.end());
++                    auto outliers = Catch::Benchmark::Detail::classify_outliers(samples.begin(), samples.end());
++
++                    auto wrap_estimate = [](Estimate<double> e) {
++                        return Estimate<Duration> {
++                            Duration(e.point),
++                                Duration(e.lower_bound),
++                                Duration(e.upper_bound),
++                                e.confidence_interval,
++                        };
++                    };
++                    std::vector<Duration> samples2;
++                    samples2.reserve(samples.size());
++                    std::transform(samples.begin(), samples.end(), std::back_inserter(samples2), [](double d) { return Duration(d); });
++                    return {
++                        std::move(samples2),
++                        wrap_estimate(analysis.mean),
++                        wrap_estimate(analysis.standard_deviation),
++                        outliers,
++                        analysis.outlier_variance,
++                    };
++                } else {
++                    std::vector<Duration> samples;
++                    samples.reserve(last - first);
++
++                    Duration mean = Duration(0);
++                    int i = 0;
++                    for (auto it = first; it < last; ++it, ++i) {
++                        samples.push_back(Duration(*it));
++                        mean += Duration(*it);
++                    }
++                    mean /= i;
++
++                    return {
++                        std::move(samples),
++                        Estimate<Duration>{mean, mean, mean, 0.0},
++                        Estimate<Duration>{Duration(0), Duration(0), Duration(0), 0.0},
++                        OutlierClassification{},
++                        0.0
++                    };
++                }
++            }
++        } // namespace Detail
++    } // namespace Benchmark
++} // namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_analyse.hpp
++#include <algorithm>
++#include <functional>
++#include <string>
++#include <vector>
++#include <cmath>
++
++namespace Catch {
++    namespace Benchmark {
++        struct Benchmark {
++            Benchmark(std::string &&name)
++                : name(std::move(name)) {}
++
++            template <class FUN>
++            Benchmark(std::string &&name, FUN &&func)
++                : fun(std::move(func)), name(std::move(name)) {}
++
++            template <typename Clock>
++            ExecutionPlan<FloatDuration<Clock>> prepare(const IConfig &cfg, Environment<FloatDuration<Clock>> env) const {
++                auto min_time = env.clock_resolution.mean * Detail::minimum_ticks;
++                auto run_time = std::max(min_time, std::chrono::duration_cast<decltype(min_time)>(cfg.benchmarkWarmupTime()));
++                auto&& test = Detail::run_for_at_least<Clock>(std::chrono::duration_cast<ClockDuration<Clock>>(run_time), 1, fun);
++                int new_iters = static_cast<int>(std::ceil(min_time * test.iterations / test.elapsed));
++                return { new_iters, test.elapsed / test.iterations * new_iters * cfg.benchmarkSamples(), fun, std::chrono::duration_cast<FloatDuration<Clock>>(cfg.benchmarkWarmupTime()), Detail::warmup_iterations };
++            }
++
++            template <typename Clock = default_clock>
++            void run() {
++                IConfigPtr cfg = getCurrentContext().getConfig();
++
++                auto env = Detail::measure_environment<Clock>();
++
++                getResultCapture().benchmarkPreparing(name);
++                CATCH_TRY{
++                    auto plan = user_code([&] {
++                        return prepare<Clock>(*cfg, env);
++                    });
++
++                    BenchmarkInfo info {
++                        name,
++                        plan.estimated_duration.count(),
++                        plan.iterations_per_sample,
++                        cfg->benchmarkSamples(),
++                        cfg->benchmarkResamples(),
++                        env.clock_resolution.mean.count(),
++                        env.clock_cost.mean.count()
++                    };
++
++                    getResultCapture().benchmarkStarting(info);
++
++                    auto samples = user_code([&] {
++                        return plan.template run<Clock>(*cfg, env);
++                    });
++
++                    auto analysis = Detail::analyse(*cfg, env, samples.begin(), samples.end());
++                    BenchmarkStats<FloatDuration<Clock>> stats{ info, analysis.samples, analysis.mean, analysis.standard_deviation, analysis.outliers, analysis.outlier_variance };
++                    getResultCapture().benchmarkEnded(stats);
++
++                } CATCH_CATCH_ALL{
++                    if (translateActiveException() != Detail::benchmarkErrorMsg) // benchmark errors have been reported, otherwise rethrow.
++                        std::rethrow_exception(std::current_exception());
++                }
++            }
++
++            // sets lambda to be used in fun *and* executes benchmark!
++            template <typename Fun,
++                typename std::enable_if<!Detail::is_related<Fun, Benchmark>::value, int>::type = 0>
++                Benchmark & operator=(Fun func) {
++                fun = Detail::BenchmarkFunction(func);
++                run();
++                return *this;
++            }
++
++            explicit operator bool() {
++                return true;
++            }
++
++        private:
++            Detail::BenchmarkFunction fun;
++            std::string name;
++        };
++    }
++} // namespace Catch
++
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_GET_1_ARG(arg1, arg2, ...) arg1
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_GET_2_ARG(arg1, arg2, ...) arg2
++
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_BENCHMARK(BenchmarkName, name, benchmarkIndex)\
++    if( Catch::Benchmark::Benchmark BenchmarkName{name} ) \
++        BenchmarkName = [&](int benchmarkIndex)
++
++#define INTERNAL_CATCH_BENCHMARK_ADVANCED(BenchmarkName, name)\
++    if( Catch::Benchmark::Benchmark BenchmarkName{name} ) \
++        BenchmarkName = [&]
++
++// end catch_benchmark.hpp
++// start catch_constructor.hpp
++
++// Constructor and destructor helpers
++
++
++#include <type_traits>
++
++namespace Catch {
++    namespace Benchmark {
++        namespace Detail {
++            template <typename T, bool Destruct>
++            struct ObjectStorage
++            {
++                using TStorage = typename std::aligned_storage<sizeof(T), std::alignment_of<T>::value>::type;
++
++                ObjectStorage() : data() {}
++
++                ObjectStorage(const ObjectStorage& other)
++                {
++                    new(&data) T(other.stored_object());
++                }
++
++                ObjectStorage(ObjectStorage&& other)
++                {
++                    new(&data) T(std::move(other.stored_object()));
++                }
++
++                ~ObjectStorage() { destruct_on_exit<T>(); }
++
++                template <typename... Args>
++                void construct(Args&&... args)
++                {
++                    new (&data) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
++                }
++
++                template <bool AllowManualDestruction = !Destruct>
++                typename std::enable_if<AllowManualDestruction>::type destruct()
++                {
++                    stored_object().~T();
++                }
++
++            private:
++                // If this is a constructor benchmark, destruct the underlying object
++                template <typename U>
++                void destruct_on_exit(typename std::enable_if<Destruct, U>::type* = 0) { destruct<true>(); }
++                // Otherwise, don't
++                template <typename U>
++                void destruct_on_exit(typename std::enable_if<!Destruct, U>::type* = 0) { }
++
++                T& stored_object() {
++                    return *static_cast<T*>(static_cast<void*>(&data));
++                }
++
++                T const& stored_object() const {
++                    return *static_cast<T*>(static_cast<void*>(&data));
++                }
++
++                TStorage data;
++            };
++        }
++
++        template <typename T>
++        using storage_for = Detail::ObjectStorage<T, true>;
++
++        template <typename T>
++        using destructable_object = Detail::ObjectStorage<T, false>;
++    }
++}
++
++// end catch_constructor.hpp
++// end catch_benchmarking_all.hpp
++#endif
++
++#endif // ! CATCH_CONFIG_IMPL_ONLY
++
+ #ifdef CATCH_IMPL
+ // start catch_impl.hpp
+ 
+@@ -3809,23 +7480,37 @@
+         SourceLineInfo location;
+ 
+         NameAndLocation( std::string const& _name, SourceLineInfo const& _location );
++        friend bool operator==(NameAndLocation const& lhs, NameAndLocation const& rhs) {
++            return lhs.name == rhs.name
++                && lhs.location == rhs.location;
++        }
+     };
+ 
+-    struct ITracker;
++    class ITracker;
+ 
+     using ITrackerPtr = std::shared_ptr<ITracker>;
+ 
+-    struct ITracker {
+-        virtual ~ITracker();
++    class  ITracker {
++        NameAndLocation m_nameAndLocation;
++
++    public:
++        ITracker(NameAndLocation const& nameAndLoc) :
++            m_nameAndLocation(nameAndLoc)
++        {}
+ 
+         // static queries
+-        virtual NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation() const = 0;
++        NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation() const {
++            return m_nameAndLocation;
++        }
++
++        virtual ~ITracker();
+ 
+         // dynamic queries
+         virtual bool isComplete() const = 0; // Successfully completed or failed
+         virtual bool isSuccessfullyCompleted() const = 0;
+         virtual bool isOpen() const = 0; // Started but not complete
+         virtual bool hasChildren() const = 0;
++        virtual bool hasStarted() const = 0;
+ 
+         virtual ITracker& parent() = 0;
+ 
+@@ -3840,7 +7525,7 @@
+ 
+         // Debug/ checking
+         virtual bool isSectionTracker() const = 0;
+-        virtual bool isIndexTracker() const = 0;
++        virtual bool isGeneratorTracker() const = 0;
+     };
+ 
+     class TrackerContext {
+@@ -3857,8 +7542,6 @@
+ 
+     public:
+ 
+-        static TrackerContext& instance();
+-
+         ITracker& startRun();
+         void endRun();
+ 
+@@ -3881,15 +7564,7 @@
+             Failed
+         };
+ 
+-        class TrackerHasName {
+-            NameAndLocation m_nameAndLocation;
+-        public:
+-            TrackerHasName( NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation );
+-            bool operator ()( ITrackerPtr const& tracker ) const;
+-        };
+-
+         using Children = std::vector<ITrackerPtr>;
+-        NameAndLocation m_nameAndLocation;
+         TrackerContext& m_ctx;
+         ITracker* m_parent;
+         Children m_children;
+@@ -3898,11 +7573,13 @@
+     public:
+         TrackerBase( NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation, TrackerContext& ctx, ITracker* parent );
+ 
+-        NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation() const override;
+         bool isComplete() const override;
+         bool isSuccessfullyCompleted() const override;
+         bool isOpen() const override;
+         bool hasChildren() const override;
++        bool hasStarted() const override {
++            return m_runState != NotStarted;
++        }
+ 
+         void addChild( ITrackerPtr const& child ) override;
+ 
+@@ -3912,7 +7589,7 @@
+         void openChild() override;
+ 
+         bool isSectionTracker() const override;
+-        bool isIndexTracker() const override;
++        bool isGeneratorTracker() const override;
+ 
+         void open();
+ 
+@@ -3927,33 +7604,24 @@
+ 
+     class SectionTracker : public TrackerBase {
+         std::vector<std::string> m_filters;
++        std::string m_trimmed_name;
+     public:
+         SectionTracker( NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation, TrackerContext& ctx, ITracker* parent );
+ 
+         bool isSectionTracker() const override;
+ 
++        bool isComplete() const override;
++
+         static SectionTracker& acquire( TrackerContext& ctx, NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation );
+ 
+         void tryOpen();
+ 
+         void addInitialFilters( std::vector<std::string> const& filters );
+         void addNextFilters( std::vector<std::string> const& filters );
+-    };
+-
+-    class IndexTracker : public TrackerBase {
+-        int m_size;
+-        int m_index = -1;
+-    public:
+-        IndexTracker( NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation, TrackerContext& ctx, ITracker* parent, int size );
+-
+-        bool isIndexTracker() const override;
+-        void close() override;
+-
+-        static IndexTracker& acquire( TrackerContext& ctx, NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation, int size );
+-
+-        int index() const;
+-
+-        void moveNext();
++        //! Returns filters active in this tracker
++        std::vector<std::string> const& getFilters() const;
++        //! Returns whitespace-trimmed name of the tracked section
++        std::string const& trimmedName() const;
+     };
+ 
+ } // namespace TestCaseTracking
+@@ -3961,7 +7629,6 @@
+ using TestCaseTracking::ITracker;
+ using TestCaseTracking::TrackerContext;
+ using TestCaseTracking::SectionTracker;
+-using TestCaseTracking::IndexTracker;
+ 
+ } // namespace Catch
+ 
+@@ -3973,11 +7640,223 @@
+ 
+     struct LeakDetector {
+         LeakDetector();
++        ~LeakDetector();
+     };
+ 
+ }
+ // end catch_leak_detector.h
+ // Cpp files will be included in the single-header file here
++// start catch_stats.cpp
++
++// Statistical analysis tools
++
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING)
++
++#include <cassert>
++#include <random>
++
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_USE_ASYNC)
++#include <future>
++#endif
++
++namespace {
++    double erf_inv(double x) {
++        // Code accompanying the article "Approximating the erfinv function" in GPU Computing Gems, Volume 2
++        double w, p;
++
++        w = -log((1.0 - x) * (1.0 + x));
++
++        if (w < 6.250000) {
++            w = w - 3.125000;
++            p = -3.6444120640178196996e-21;
++            p = -1.685059138182016589e-19 + p * w;
++            p = 1.2858480715256400167e-18 + p * w;
++            p = 1.115787767802518096e-17 + p * w;
++            p = -1.333171662854620906e-16 + p * w;
++            p = 2.0972767875968561637e-17 + p * w;
++            p = 6.6376381343583238325e-15 + p * w;
++            p = -4.0545662729752068639e-14 + p * w;
++            p = -8.1519341976054721522e-14 + p * w;
++            p = 2.6335093153082322977e-12 + p * w;
++            p = -1.2975133253453532498e-11 + p * w;
++            p = -5.4154120542946279317e-11 + p * w;
++            p = 1.051212273321532285e-09 + p * w;
++            p = -4.1126339803469836976e-09 + p * w;
++            p = -2.9070369957882005086e-08 + p * w;
++            p = 4.2347877827932403518e-07 + p * w;
++            p = -1.3654692000834678645e-06 + p * w;
++            p = -1.3882523362786468719e-05 + p * w;
++            p = 0.0001867342080340571352 + p * w;
++            p = -0.00074070253416626697512 + p * w;
++            p = -0.0060336708714301490533 + p * w;
++            p = 0.24015818242558961693 + p * w;
++            p = 1.6536545626831027356 + p * w;
++        } else if (w < 16.000000) {
++            w = sqrt(w) - 3.250000;
++            p = 2.2137376921775787049e-09;
++            p = 9.0756561938885390979e-08 + p * w;
++            p = -2.7517406297064545428e-07 + p * w;
++            p = 1.8239629214389227755e-08 + p * w;
++            p = 1.5027403968909827627e-06 + p * w;
++            p = -4.013867526981545969e-06 + p * w;
++            p = 2.9234449089955446044e-06 + p * w;
++            p = 1.2475304481671778723e-05 + p * w;
++            p = -4.7318229009055733981e-05 + p * w;
++            p = 6.8284851459573175448e-05 + p * w;
++            p = 2.4031110387097893999e-05 + p * w;
++            p = -0.0003550375203628474796 + p * w;
++            p = 0.00095328937973738049703 + p * w;
++            p = -0.0016882755560235047313 + p * w;
++            p = 0.0024914420961078508066 + p * w;
++            p = -0.0037512085075692412107 + p * w;
++            p = 0.005370914553590063617 + p * w;
++            p = 1.0052589676941592334 + p * w;
++            p = 3.0838856104922207635 + p * w;
++        } else {
++            w = sqrt(w) - 5.000000;
++            p = -2.7109920616438573243e-11;
++            p = -2.5556418169965252055e-10 + p * w;
++            p = 1.5076572693500548083e-09 + p * w;
++            p = -3.7894654401267369937e-09 + p * w;
++            p = 7.6157012080783393804e-09 + p * w;
++            p = -1.4960026627149240478e-08 + p * w;
++            p = 2.9147953450901080826e-08 + p * w;
++            p = -6.7711997758452339498e-08 + p * w;
++            p = 2.2900482228026654717e-07 + p * w;
++            p = -9.9298272942317002539e-07 + p * w;
++            p = 4.5260625972231537039e-06 + p * w;
++            p = -1.9681778105531670567e-05 + p * w;
++            p = 7.5995277030017761139e-05 + p * w;
++            p = -0.00021503011930044477347 + p * w;
++            p = -0.00013871931833623122026 + p * w;
++            p = 1.0103004648645343977 + p * w;
++            p = 4.8499064014085844221 + p * w;
++        }
++        return p * x;
++    }
++
++    double standard_deviation(std::vector<double>::iterator first, std::vector<double>::iterator last) {
++        auto m = Catch::Benchmark::Detail::mean(first, last);
++        double variance = std::accumulate(first, last, 0., [m](double a, double b) {
++            double diff = b - m;
++            return a + diff * diff;
++            }) / (last - first);
++            return std::sqrt(variance);
++    }
++
++}
++
++namespace Catch {
++    namespace Benchmark {
++        namespace Detail {
++
++            double weighted_average_quantile(int k, int q, std::vector<double>::iterator first, std::vector<double>::iterator last) {
++                auto count = last - first;
++                double idx = (count - 1) * k / static_cast<double>(q);
++                int j = static_cast<int>(idx);
++                double g = idx - j;
++                std::nth_element(first, first + j, last);
++                auto xj = first[j];
++                if (g == 0) return xj;
++
++                auto xj1 = *std::min_element(first + (j + 1), last);
++                return xj + g * (xj1 - xj);
++            }
++
++            double erfc_inv(double x) {
++                return erf_inv(1.0 - x);
++            }
++
++            double normal_quantile(double p) {
++                static const double ROOT_TWO = std::sqrt(2.0);
++
++                double result = 0.0;
++                assert(p >= 0 && p <= 1);
++                if (p < 0 || p > 1) {
++                    return result;
++                }
++
++                result = -erfc_inv(2.0 * p);
++                // result *= normal distribution standard deviation (1.0) * sqrt(2)
++                result *= /*sd * */ ROOT_TWO;
++                // result += normal disttribution mean (0)
++                return result;
++            }
++
++            double outlier_variance(Estimate<double> mean, Estimate<double> stddev, int n) {
++                double sb = stddev.point;
++                double mn = mean.point / n;
++                double mg_min = mn / 2.;
++                double sg = (std::min)(mg_min / 4., sb / std::sqrt(n));
++                double sg2 = sg * sg;
++                double sb2 = sb * sb;
++
++                auto c_max = [n, mn, sb2, sg2](double x) -> double {
++                    double k = mn - x;
++                    double d = k * k;
++                    double nd = n * d;
++                    double k0 = -n * nd;
++                    double k1 = sb2 - n * sg2 + nd;
++                    double det = k1 * k1 - 4 * sg2 * k0;
++                    return (int)(-2. * k0 / (k1 + std::sqrt(det)));
++                };
++
++                auto var_out = [n, sb2, sg2](double c) {
++                    double nc = n - c;
++                    return (nc / n) * (sb2 - nc * sg2);
++                };
++
++                return (std::min)(var_out(1), var_out((std::min)(c_max(0.), c_max(mg_min)))) / sb2;
++            }
++
++            bootstrap_analysis analyse_samples(double confidence_level, int n_resamples, std::vector<double>::iterator first, std::vector<double>::iterator last) {
++                CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
++                CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS
++                static std::random_device entropy;
++                CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
++
++                auto n = static_cast<int>(last - first); // seriously, one can't use integral types without hell in C++
++
++                auto mean = &Detail::mean<std::vector<double>::iterator>;
++                auto stddev = &standard_deviation;
++
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_USE_ASYNC)
++                auto Estimate = [=](double(*f)(std::vector<double>::iterator, std::vector<double>::iterator)) {
++                    auto seed = entropy();
++                    return std::async(std::launch::async, [=] {
++                        std::mt19937 rng(seed);
++                        auto resampled = resample(rng, n_resamples, first, last, f);
++                        return bootstrap(confidence_level, first, last, resampled, f);
++                    });
++                };
++
++                auto mean_future = Estimate(mean);
++                auto stddev_future = Estimate(stddev);
++
++                auto mean_estimate = mean_future.get();
++                auto stddev_estimate = stddev_future.get();
++#else
++                auto Estimate = [=](double(*f)(std::vector<double>::iterator, std::vector<double>::iterator)) {
++                    auto seed = entropy();
++                    std::mt19937 rng(seed);
++                    auto resampled = resample(rng, n_resamples, first, last, f);
++                    return bootstrap(confidence_level, first, last, resampled, f);
++                };
++
++                auto mean_estimate = Estimate(mean);
++                auto stddev_estimate = Estimate(stddev);
++#endif // CATCH_USE_ASYNC
++
++                double outlier_variance = Detail::outlier_variance(mean_estimate, stddev_estimate, n);
++
++                return { mean_estimate, stddev_estimate, outlier_variance };
++            }
++        } // namespace Detail
++    } // namespace Benchmark
++} // namespace Catch
++
++#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING
++// end catch_stats.cpp
+ // start catch_approx.cpp
+ 
+ #include <cmath>
+@@ -4007,20 +7886,50 @@
+         return Approx( 0 );
+     }
+ 
++    Approx Approx::operator-() const {
++        auto temp(*this);
++        temp.m_value = -temp.m_value;
++        return temp;
++    }
++
+     std::string Approx::toString() const {
+-        std::ostringstream oss;
+-        oss << "Approx( " << ::Catch::Detail::stringify( m_value ) << " )";
+-        return oss.str();
++        ReusableStringStream rss;
++        rss << "Approx( " << ::Catch::Detail::stringify( m_value ) << " )";
++        return rss.str();
+     }
+ 
+     bool Approx::equalityComparisonImpl(const double other) const {
+         // First try with fixed margin, then compute margin based on epsilon, scale and Approx's value
+         // Thanks to Richard Harris for his help refining the scaled margin value
+-        return marginComparison(m_value, other, m_margin) || marginComparison(m_value, other, m_epsilon * (m_scale + std::fabs(m_value)));
++        return marginComparison(m_value, other, m_margin)
++            || marginComparison(m_value, other, m_epsilon * (m_scale + std::fabs(std::isinf(m_value)? 0 : m_value)));
++    }
++
++    void Approx::setMargin(double newMargin) {
++        CATCH_ENFORCE(newMargin >= 0,
++            "Invalid Approx::margin: " << newMargin << '.'
++            << " Approx::Margin has to be non-negative.");
++        m_margin = newMargin;
++    }
++
++    void Approx::setEpsilon(double newEpsilon) {
++        CATCH_ENFORCE(newEpsilon >= 0 && newEpsilon <= 1.0,
++            "Invalid Approx::epsilon: " << newEpsilon << '.'
++            << " Approx::epsilon has to be in [0, 1]");
++        m_epsilon = newEpsilon;
+     }
+ 
+ } // end namespace Detail
+ 
++namespace literals {
++    Detail::Approx operator "" _a(long double val) {
++        return Detail::Approx(val);
++    }
++    Detail::Approx operator "" _a(unsigned long long val) {
++        return Detail::Approx(val);
++    }
++} // end namespace literals
++
+ std::string StringMaker<Catch::Detail::Approx>::convert(Catch::Detail::Approx const& value) {
+     return value.toString();
+ }
+@@ -4029,48 +7938,259 @@
+ // end catch_approx.cpp
+ // start catch_assertionhandler.cpp
+ 
+-// start catch_context.h
+-
+-#include <memory>
++// start catch_debugger.h
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
++    bool isDebuggerActive();
++}
+ 
+-    struct IResultCapture;
+-    struct IRunner;
+-    struct IConfig;
++#ifdef CATCH_PLATFORM_MAC
+ 
+-    using IConfigPtr = std::shared_ptr<IConfig const>;
++    #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
++        #define CATCH_TRAP() __asm__("int $3\n" : : ) /* NOLINT */
++    #elif defined(__aarch64__)
++        #define CATCH_TRAP()  __asm__(".inst 0xd4200000")
++    #endif
+ 
+-    struct IContext
+-    {
+-        virtual ~IContext();
++#elif defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_IPHONE)
+ 
+-        virtual IResultCapture* getResultCapture() = 0;
+-        virtual IRunner* getRunner() = 0;
+-        virtual IConfigPtr getConfig() const = 0;
++    // use inline assembler
++    #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
++        #define CATCH_TRAP()  __asm__("int $3")
++    #elif defined(__aarch64__)
++        #define CATCH_TRAP()  __asm__(".inst 0xd4200000")
++    #elif defined(__arm__) && !defined(__thumb__)
++        #define CATCH_TRAP()  __asm__(".inst 0xe7f001f0")
++    #elif defined(__arm__) &&  defined(__thumb__)
++        #define CATCH_TRAP()  __asm__(".inst 0xde01")
++    #endif
++
++#elif defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_LINUX)
++    // If we can use inline assembler, do it because this allows us to break
++    // directly at the location of the failing check instead of breaking inside
++    // raise() called from it, i.e. one stack frame below.
++    #if defined(__GNUC__) && (defined(__i386) || defined(__x86_64))
++        #define CATCH_TRAP() asm volatile ("int $3") /* NOLINT */
++    #else // Fall back to the generic way.
++        #include <signal.h>
++
++        #define CATCH_TRAP() raise(SIGTRAP)
++    #endif
++#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
++    #define CATCH_TRAP() __debugbreak()
++#elif defined(__MINGW32__)
++    extern "C" __declspec(dllimport) void __stdcall DebugBreak();
++    #define CATCH_TRAP() DebugBreak()
++#endif
++
++#ifndef CATCH_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER
++    #ifdef CATCH_TRAP
++        #define CATCH_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() []{ if( Catch::isDebuggerActive() ) { CATCH_TRAP(); } }()
++    #else
++        #define CATCH_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() []{}()
++    #endif
++#endif
++
++// end catch_debugger.h
++// start catch_run_context.h
++
++// start catch_fatal_condition.h
++
++#include <cassert>
++
++namespace Catch {
++
++    // Wrapper for platform-specific fatal error (signals/SEH) handlers
++    //
++    // Tries to be cooperative with other handlers, and not step over
++    // other handlers. This means that unknown structured exceptions
++    // are passed on, previous signal handlers are called, and so on.
++    //
++    // Can only be instantiated once, and assumes that once a signal
++    // is caught, the binary will end up terminating. Thus, there
++    class FatalConditionHandler {
++        bool m_started = false;
++
++        // Install/disengage implementation for specific platform.
++        // Should be if-defed to work on current platform, can assume
++        // engage-disengage 1:1 pairing.
++        void engage_platform();
++        void disengage_platform();
++    public:
++        // Should also have platform-specific implementations as needed
++        FatalConditionHandler();
++        ~FatalConditionHandler();
++
++        void engage() {
++            assert(!m_started && "Handler cannot be installed twice.");
++            m_started = true;
++            engage_platform();
++        }
++
++        void disengage() {
++            assert(m_started && "Handler cannot be uninstalled without being installed first");
++            m_started = false;
++            disengage_platform();
++        }
+     };
+ 
+-    struct IMutableContext : IContext
+-    {
+-        virtual ~IMutableContext();
+-        virtual void setResultCapture( IResultCapture* resultCapture ) = 0;
+-        virtual void setRunner( IRunner* runner ) = 0;
+-        virtual void setConfig( IConfigPtr const& config ) = 0;
++    //! Simple RAII guard for (dis)engaging the FatalConditionHandler
++    class FatalConditionHandlerGuard {
++        FatalConditionHandler* m_handler;
++    public:
++        FatalConditionHandlerGuard(FatalConditionHandler* handler):
++            m_handler(handler) {
++            m_handler->engage();
++        }
++        ~FatalConditionHandlerGuard() {
++            m_handler->disengage();
++        }
+     };
+ 
+-    IContext& getCurrentContext();
+-    IMutableContext& getCurrentMutableContext();
+-    void cleanUpContext();
+-}
++} // end namespace Catch
+ 
+-// end catch_context.h
+-#include <cassert>
++// end catch_fatal_condition.h
++#include <string>
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+-    auto operator <<( std::ostream& os, ITransientExpression const& expr ) -> std::ostream& {
+-        expr.streamReconstructedExpression( os );
+-        return os;
++    struct IMutableContext;
++
++    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
++
++    class RunContext : public IResultCapture, public IRunner {
++
++    public:
++        RunContext( RunContext const& ) = delete;
++        RunContext& operator =( RunContext const& ) = delete;
++
++        explicit RunContext( IConfigPtr const& _config, IStreamingReporterPtr&& reporter );
++
++        ~RunContext() override;
++
++        void testGroupStarting( std::string const& testSpec, std::size_t groupIndex, std::size_t groupsCount );
++        void testGroupEnded( std::string const& testSpec, Totals const& totals, std::size_t groupIndex, std::size_t groupsCount );
++
++        Totals runTest(TestCase const& testCase);
++
++        IConfigPtr config() const;
++        IStreamingReporter& reporter() const;
++
++    public: // IResultCapture
++
++        // Assertion handlers
++        void handleExpr
++                (   AssertionInfo const& info,
++                    ITransientExpression const& expr,
++                    AssertionReaction& reaction ) override;
++        void handleMessage
++                (   AssertionInfo const& info,
++                    ResultWas::OfType resultType,
++                    StringRef const& message,
++                    AssertionReaction& reaction ) override;
++        void handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown
++                (   AssertionInfo const& info,
++                    AssertionReaction& reaction ) override;
++        void handleUnexpectedInflightException
++                (   AssertionInfo const& info,
++                    std::string const& message,
++                    AssertionReaction& reaction ) override;
++        void handleIncomplete
++                (   AssertionInfo const& info ) override;
++        void handleNonExpr
++                (   AssertionInfo const &info,
++                    ResultWas::OfType resultType,
++                    AssertionReaction &reaction ) override;
++
++        bool sectionStarted( SectionInfo const& sectionInfo, Counts& assertions ) override;
++
++        void sectionEnded( SectionEndInfo const& endInfo ) override;
++        void sectionEndedEarly( SectionEndInfo const& endInfo ) override;
++
++        auto acquireGeneratorTracker( StringRef generatorName, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo ) -> IGeneratorTracker& override;
++
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING)
++        void benchmarkPreparing( std::string const& name ) override;
++        void benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& info ) override;
++        void benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& stats ) override;
++        void benchmarkFailed( std::string const& error ) override;
++#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING
++
++        void pushScopedMessage( MessageInfo const& message ) override;
++        void popScopedMessage( MessageInfo const& message ) override;
++
++        void emplaceUnscopedMessage( MessageBuilder const& builder ) override;
++
++        std::string getCurrentTestName() const override;
++
++        const AssertionResult* getLastResult() const override;
++
++        void exceptionEarlyReported() override;
++
++        void handleFatalErrorCondition( StringRef message ) override;
++
++        bool lastAssertionPassed() override;
++
++        void assertionPassed() override;
++
++    public:
++        // !TBD We need to do this another way!
++        bool aborting() const final;
++
++    private:
++
++        void runCurrentTest( std::string& redirectedCout, std::string& redirectedCerr );
++        void invokeActiveTestCase();
++
++        void resetAssertionInfo();
++        bool testForMissingAssertions( Counts& assertions );
++
++        void assertionEnded( AssertionResult const& result );
++        void reportExpr
++                (   AssertionInfo const &info,
++                    ResultWas::OfType resultType,
++                    ITransientExpression const *expr,
++                    bool negated );
++
++        void populateReaction( AssertionReaction& reaction );
++
++    private:
++
++        void handleUnfinishedSections();
++
++        TestRunInfo m_runInfo;
++        IMutableContext& m_context;
++        TestCase const* m_activeTestCase = nullptr;
++        ITracker* m_testCaseTracker = nullptr;
++        Option<AssertionResult> m_lastResult;
++
++        IConfigPtr m_config;
++        Totals m_totals;
++        IStreamingReporterPtr m_reporter;
++        std::vector<MessageInfo> m_messages;
++        std::vector<ScopedMessage> m_messageScopes; /* Keeps owners of so-called unscoped messages. */
++        AssertionInfo m_lastAssertionInfo;
++        std::vector<SectionEndInfo> m_unfinishedSections;
++        std::vector<ITracker*> m_activeSections;
++        TrackerContext m_trackerContext;
++        FatalConditionHandler m_fatalConditionhandler;
++        bool m_lastAssertionPassed = false;
++        bool m_shouldReportUnexpected = true;
++        bool m_includeSuccessfulResults;
++    };
++
++    void seedRng(IConfig const& config);
++    unsigned int rngSeed();
++} // end namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_run_context.h
++namespace Catch {
++
++    namespace {
++        auto operator <<( std::ostream& os, ITransientExpression const& expr ) -> std::ostream& {
++            expr.streamReconstructedExpression( os );
++            return os;
++        }
+     }
+ 
+     LazyExpression::LazyExpression( bool isNegated )
+@@ -4100,95 +8220,69 @@
+     }
+ 
+     AssertionHandler::AssertionHandler
+-        (   StringRef macroName,
++        (   StringRef const& macroName,
+             SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo,
+             StringRef capturedExpression,
+             ResultDisposition::Flags resultDisposition )
+-    :   m_assertionInfo{ macroName, lineInfo, capturedExpression, resultDisposition }
+-    {
+-        getCurrentContext().getResultCapture()->assertionStarting( m_assertionInfo );
+-    }
+-    AssertionHandler::~AssertionHandler() {
+-        if ( m_inExceptionGuard ) {
+-            handle( ResultWas::ThrewException, "Exception translation was disabled by CATCH_CONFIG_FAST_COMPILE" );
+-            getCurrentContext().getResultCapture()->exceptionEarlyReported();
+-        }
+-    }
+-
+-    void AssertionHandler::handle( ITransientExpression const& expr ) {
+-
+-        bool negated = isFalseTest( m_assertionInfo.resultDisposition );
+-        bool result = expr.getResult() != negated;
++    :   m_assertionInfo{ macroName, lineInfo, capturedExpression, resultDisposition },
++        m_resultCapture( getResultCapture() )
++    {}
+ 
+-        handle( result ? ResultWas::Ok : ResultWas::ExpressionFailed, &expr, negated );
+-    }
+-    void AssertionHandler::handle( ResultWas::OfType resultType ) {
+-        handle( resultType, nullptr, false );
+-    }
+-    void AssertionHandler::handle( ResultWas::OfType resultType, StringRef const& message ) {
+-        AssertionResultData data( resultType, LazyExpression( false ) );
+-        data.message = message;
+-        handle( data, nullptr );
++    void AssertionHandler::handleExpr( ITransientExpression const& expr ) {
++        m_resultCapture.handleExpr( m_assertionInfo, expr, m_reaction );
+     }
+-    void AssertionHandler::handle( ResultWas::OfType resultType, ITransientExpression const* expr, bool negated ) {
+-        AssertionResultData data( resultType, LazyExpression( negated ) );
+-        handle( data, expr );
++    void AssertionHandler::handleMessage(ResultWas::OfType resultType, StringRef const& message) {
++        m_resultCapture.handleMessage( m_assertionInfo, resultType, message, m_reaction );
+     }
+-    void AssertionHandler::handle( AssertionResultData const& resultData, ITransientExpression const* expr ) {
+ 
+-        getResultCapture().assertionRun();
++    auto AssertionHandler::allowThrows() const -> bool {
++        return getCurrentContext().getConfig()->allowThrows();
++    }
+ 
+-        AssertionResult assertionResult{ m_assertionInfo, resultData };
+-        assertionResult.m_resultData.lazyExpression.m_transientExpression = expr;
++    void AssertionHandler::complete() {
++        setCompleted();
++        if( m_reaction.shouldDebugBreak ) {
+ 
+-        getResultCapture().assertionEnded( assertionResult );
++            // If you find your debugger stopping you here then go one level up on the
++            // call-stack for the code that caused it (typically a failed assertion)
+ 
+-        if( !assertionResult.isOk() ) {
+-            m_shouldDebugBreak = getCurrentContext().getConfig()->shouldDebugBreak();
+-            m_shouldThrow =
+-                    getCurrentContext().getRunner()->aborting() ||
+-                    (m_assertionInfo.resultDisposition & ResultDisposition::Normal);
++            // (To go back to the test and change execution, jump over the throw, next)
++            CATCH_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER();
++        }
++        if (m_reaction.shouldThrow) {
++#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
++            throw Catch::TestFailureException();
++#else
++            CATCH_ERROR( "Test failure requires aborting test!" );
++#endif
+         }
+     }
+-
+-    auto AssertionHandler::allowThrows() const -> bool {
+-        return getCurrentContext().getConfig()->allowThrows();
++    void AssertionHandler::setCompleted() {
++        m_completed = true;
+     }
+ 
+-    auto AssertionHandler::shouldDebugBreak() const -> bool {
+-        return m_shouldDebugBreak;
++    void AssertionHandler::handleUnexpectedInflightException() {
++        m_resultCapture.handleUnexpectedInflightException( m_assertionInfo, Catch::translateActiveException(), m_reaction );
+     }
+-    void AssertionHandler::reactWithDebugBreak() const {
+-        if (m_shouldDebugBreak) {
+-            ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+-            // To inspect the state during test, you need to go one level up the callstack
+-            // To go back to the test and change execution, jump over the reactWithoutDebugBreak() call
+-            ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+-            CATCH_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER();
+-        }
+-        reactWithoutDebugBreak();
++
++    void AssertionHandler::handleExceptionThrownAsExpected() {
++        m_resultCapture.handleNonExpr(m_assertionInfo, ResultWas::Ok, m_reaction);
+     }
+-    void AssertionHandler::reactWithoutDebugBreak() const {
+-        if( m_shouldThrow )
+-            throw Catch::TestFailureException();
++    void AssertionHandler::handleExceptionNotThrownAsExpected() {
++        m_resultCapture.handleNonExpr(m_assertionInfo, ResultWas::Ok, m_reaction);
+     }
+ 
+-    void AssertionHandler::useActiveException() {
+-        handle( ResultWas::ThrewException, Catch::translateActiveException() );
++    void AssertionHandler::handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown() {
++        m_resultCapture.handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown( m_assertionInfo, m_reaction );
+     }
+ 
+-    void AssertionHandler::setExceptionGuard() {
+-        assert( m_inExceptionGuard == false );
+-        m_inExceptionGuard = true;
+-    }
+-    void AssertionHandler::unsetExceptionGuard() {
+-        assert( m_inExceptionGuard == true );
+-        m_inExceptionGuard = false;
++    void AssertionHandler::handleThrowingCallSkipped() {
++        m_resultCapture.handleNonExpr(m_assertionInfo, ResultWas::Ok, m_reaction);
+     }
+ 
+     // This is the overload that takes a string and infers the Equals matcher from it
+     // The more general overload, that takes any string matcher, is in catch_capture_matchers.cpp
+-    void handleExceptionMatchExpr( AssertionHandler& handler, std::string const& str, StringRef matcherString  ) {
++    void handleExceptionMatchExpr( AssertionHandler& handler, std::string const& str, StringRef const& matcherString  ) {
+         handleExceptionMatchExpr( handler, Matchers::Equals( str ), matcherString );
+     }
+ 
+@@ -4205,10 +8299,9 @@
+ 
+         if( reconstructedExpression.empty() ) {
+             if( lazyExpression ) {
+-                // !TBD Use stringstream for now, but rework above to pass stream in
+-                std::ostringstream oss;
+-                oss << lazyExpression;
+-                reconstructedExpression = oss.str();
++                ReusableStringStream rss;
++                rss << lazyExpression;
++                reconstructedExpression = rss.str();
+             }
+         }
+         return reconstructedExpression;
+@@ -4234,7 +8327,7 @@
+     }
+ 
+     bool AssertionResult::hasExpression() const {
+-        return m_info.capturedExpression[0] != 0;
++        return !m_info.capturedExpression.empty();
+     }
+ 
+     bool AssertionResult::hasMessage() const {
+@@ -4242,16 +8335,22 @@
+     }
+ 
+     std::string AssertionResult::getExpression() const {
+-        if( isFalseTest( m_info.resultDisposition ) )
+-            return "!(" + std::string(m_info.capturedExpression) + ")";
+-        else
+-            return m_info.capturedExpression;
++        // Possibly overallocating by 3 characters should be basically free
++        std::string expr; expr.reserve(m_info.capturedExpression.size() + 3);
++        if (isFalseTest(m_info.resultDisposition)) {
++            expr += "!(";
++        }
++        expr += m_info.capturedExpression;
++        if (isFalseTest(m_info.resultDisposition)) {
++            expr += ')';
++        }
++        return expr;
+     }
+ 
+     std::string AssertionResult::getExpressionInMacro() const {
+         std::string expr;
+-        if( m_info.macroName[0] == 0 )
+-            expr = m_info.capturedExpression;
++        if( m_info.macroName.empty() )
++            expr = static_cast<std::string>(m_info.capturedExpression);
+         else {
+             expr.reserve( m_info.macroName.size() + m_info.capturedExpression.size() + 4 );
+             expr += m_info.macroName;
+@@ -4280,38 +8379,12 @@
+         return m_info.lineInfo;
+     }
+ 
+-    std::string AssertionResult::getTestMacroName() const {
++    StringRef AssertionResult::getTestMacroName() const {
+         return m_info.macroName;
+     }
+ 
+ } // end namespace Catch
+ // end catch_assertionresult.cpp
+-// start catch_benchmark.cpp
+-
+-namespace Catch {
+-
+-    auto BenchmarkLooper::getResolution() -> uint64_t {
+-        return getEstimatedClockResolution() * getCurrentContext().getConfig()->benchmarkResolutionMultiple();
+-    }
+-
+-    void BenchmarkLooper::reportStart() {
+-        getResultCapture().benchmarkStarting( { m_name } );
+-    }
+-    auto BenchmarkLooper::needsMoreIterations() -> bool {
+-        auto elapsed = m_timer.getElapsedNanoseconds();
+-
+-        // Exponentially increasing iterations until we're confident in our timer resolution
+-        if( elapsed < m_resolution ) {
+-            m_iterationsToRun *= 10;
+-            return true;
+-        }
+-
+-        getResultCapture().benchmarkEnded( { { m_name }, m_count, elapsed } );
+-        return false;
+-    }
+-
+-} // end namespace Catch
+-// end catch_benchmark.cpp
+ // start catch_capture_matchers.cpp
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+@@ -4319,12 +8392,12 @@
+     using StringMatcher = Matchers::Impl::MatcherBase<std::string>;
+ 
+     // This is the general overload that takes a any string matcher
+-    // There is another overload, in catch_assertinhandler.h/.cpp, that only takes a string and infers
++    // There is another overload, in catch_assertionhandler.h/.cpp, that only takes a string and infers
+     // the Equals matcher (so the header does not mention matchers)
+-    void handleExceptionMatchExpr( AssertionHandler& handler, StringMatcher const& matcher, StringRef matcherString  ) {
++    void handleExceptionMatchExpr( AssertionHandler& handler, StringMatcher const& matcher, StringRef const& matcherString  ) {
+         std::string exceptionMessage = Catch::translateActiveException();
+         MatchExpr<std::string, StringMatcher const&> expr( exceptionMessage, matcher, matcherString );
+-        handler.handle( expr );
++        handler.handleExpr( expr );
+     }
+ 
+ } // namespace Catch
+@@ -4350,8 +8423,14 @@
+ #endif
+ 
+ // start clara.hpp
+-// v1.0-develop.2
+-// See https://github.com/philsquared/Clara
++// Copyright 2017 Two Blue Cubes Ltd. All rights reserved.
++//
++// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
++// file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
++//
++// See https://github.com/philsquared/Clara for more details
++
++// Clara v1.1.5
+ 
+ 
+ #ifndef CATCH_CLARA_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH
+@@ -4362,14 +8441,23 @@
+ #define CATCH_CLARA_TEXTFLOW_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH CATCH_CLARA_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH
+ #endif
+ 
++#ifndef CLARA_CONFIG_OPTIONAL_TYPE
++#ifdef __has_include
++#if __has_include(<optional>) && __cplusplus >= 201703L
++#include <optional>
++#define CLARA_CONFIG_OPTIONAL_TYPE std::optional
++#endif
++#endif
++#endif
++
+ // ----------- #included from clara_textflow.hpp -----------
+ 
+ // TextFlowCpp
+ //
+ // A single-header library for wrapping and laying out basic text, by Phil Nash
+ //
+-// This work is licensed under the BSD 2-Clause license.
+-// See the accompanying LICENSE file, or the one at https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-2-Clause
++// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
++// file LICENSE.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+ //
+ // This project is hosted at https://github.com/philsquared/textflowcpp
+ 
+@@ -4383,314 +8471,328 @@
+ #define CATCH_CLARA_TEXTFLOW_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH 80
+ #endif
+ 
+-namespace Catch { namespace clara { namespace TextFlow {
+-
+-    inline auto isWhitespace( char c ) -> bool {
+-        static std::string chars = " \t\n\r";
+-        return chars.find( c ) != std::string::npos;
+-    }
+-    inline auto isBreakableBefore( char c ) -> bool {
+-        static std::string chars = "[({<|";
+-        return chars.find( c ) != std::string::npos;
+-    }
+-    inline auto isBreakableAfter( char c ) -> bool {
+-        static std::string chars = "])}>.,:;*+-=&/\\";
+-        return chars.find( c ) != std::string::npos;
+-    }
+-
+-    class Columns;
+-
+-    class Column {
+-        std::vector<std::string> m_strings;
+-        size_t m_width = CATCH_CLARA_TEXTFLOW_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH;
+-        size_t m_indent = 0;
+-        size_t m_initialIndent = std::string::npos;
+-
+-    public:
+-        class iterator {
+-            friend Column;
+-
+-            Column const& m_column;
+-            size_t m_stringIndex = 0;
+-            size_t m_pos = 0;
+-
+-            size_t m_len = 0;
+-            size_t m_end = 0;
+-            bool m_suffix = false;
+-
+-            iterator( Column const& column, size_t stringIndex )
+-            :   m_column( column ),
+-                m_stringIndex( stringIndex )
+-            {}
+-
+-            auto line() const -> std::string const& { return m_column.m_strings[m_stringIndex]; }
+-
+-            auto isBoundary( size_t at ) const -> bool {
+-                assert( at > 0 );
+-                assert( at <= line().size() );
+-
+-                return at == line().size() ||
+-                       ( isWhitespace( line()[at] ) && !isWhitespace( line()[at-1] ) ) ||
+-                       isBreakableBefore( line()[at] ) ||
+-                       isBreakableAfter( line()[at-1] );
+-            }
+-
+-            void calcLength() {
+-                assert( m_stringIndex < m_column.m_strings.size() );
+-
+-                m_suffix = false;
+-                auto width = m_column.m_width-indent();
+-                m_end = m_pos;
+-                while( m_end < line().size() && line()[m_end] != '\n' )
+-                    ++m_end;
+-
+-                if( m_end < m_pos + width ) {
+-                    m_len = m_end - m_pos;
+-                }
+-                else {
+-                    size_t len = width;
+-                    while (len > 0 && !isBoundary(m_pos + len))
+-                        --len;
+-                    while (len > 0 && isWhitespace( line()[m_pos + len - 1] ))
+-                        --len;
+-
+-                    if (len > 0) {
+-                        m_len = len;
+-                    } else {
+-                        m_suffix = true;
+-                        m_len = width - 1;
+-                    }
+-                }
+-            }
+-
+-            auto indent() const -> size_t {
+-                auto initial = m_pos == 0 && m_stringIndex == 0 ? m_column.m_initialIndent : std::string::npos;
+-                return initial == std::string::npos ? m_column.m_indent : initial;
+-            }
+-
+-            auto addIndentAndSuffix(std::string const &plain) const -> std::string {
+-                return std::string( indent(), ' ' ) + (m_suffix ? plain + "-" : plain);
+-            }
+-
+-        public:
+-            explicit iterator( Column const& column ) : m_column( column ) {
+-                assert( m_column.m_width > m_column.m_indent );
+-                assert( m_column.m_initialIndent == std::string::npos || m_column.m_width > m_column.m_initialIndent );
+-                calcLength();
+-                if( m_len == 0 )
+-                    m_stringIndex++; // Empty string
+-            }
+-
+-            auto operator *() const -> std::string {
+-                assert( m_stringIndex < m_column.m_strings.size() );
+-                assert( m_pos <= m_end );
+-                if( m_pos + m_column.m_width < m_end )
+-                    return addIndentAndSuffix(line().substr(m_pos, m_len));
+-                else
+-                    return addIndentAndSuffix(line().substr(m_pos, m_end - m_pos));
+-            }
+-
+-            auto operator ++() -> iterator& {
+-                m_pos += m_len;
+-                if( m_pos < line().size() && line()[m_pos] == '\n' )
+-                    m_pos += 1;
+-                else
+-                    while( m_pos < line().size() && isWhitespace( line()[m_pos] ) )
+-                        ++m_pos;
+-
+-                if( m_pos == line().size() ) {
+-                    m_pos = 0;
+-                    ++m_stringIndex;
+-                }
+-                if( m_stringIndex < m_column.m_strings.size() )
+-                    calcLength();
+-                return *this;
+-            }
+-            auto operator ++(int) -> iterator {
+-                iterator prev( *this );
+-                operator++();
+-                return prev;
+-            }
+-
+-            auto operator ==( iterator const& other ) const -> bool {
+-                return
+-                    m_pos == other.m_pos &&
+-                    m_stringIndex == other.m_stringIndex &&
+-                    &m_column == &other.m_column;
+-            }
+-            auto operator !=( iterator const& other ) const -> bool {
+-                return !operator==( other );
+-            }
+-        };
+-        using const_iterator = iterator;
+-
+-        explicit Column( std::string const& text ) { m_strings.push_back( text ); }
+-
+-        auto width( size_t newWidth ) -> Column& {
+-            assert( newWidth > 0 );
+-            m_width = newWidth;
+-            return *this;
+-        }
+-        auto indent( size_t newIndent ) -> Column& {
+-            m_indent = newIndent;
+-            return *this;
+-        }
+-        auto initialIndent( size_t newIndent ) -> Column& {
+-            m_initialIndent = newIndent;
+-            return *this;
+-        }
+-
+-        auto width() const -> size_t { return m_width; }
+-        auto begin() const -> iterator { return iterator( *this ); }
+-        auto end() const -> iterator { return { *this, m_strings.size() }; }
+-
+-        inline friend std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, Column const& col ) {
+-            bool first = true;
+-            for( auto line : col ) {
+-                if( first )
+-                    first = false;
+-                else
+-                    os << "\n";
+-                os <<  line;
+-            }
+-            return os;
+-        }
+-
+-        auto operator + ( Column const& other ) -> Columns;
++namespace Catch {
++namespace clara {
++namespace TextFlow {
+ 
+-        auto toString() const -> std::string {
+-            std::ostringstream oss;
+-            oss << *this;
+-            return oss.str();
+-        }
+-    };
++inline auto isWhitespace(char c) -> bool {
++	static std::string chars = " \t\n\r";
++	return chars.find(c) != std::string::npos;
++}
++inline auto isBreakableBefore(char c) -> bool {
++	static std::string chars = "[({<|";
++	return chars.find(c) != std::string::npos;
++}
++inline auto isBreakableAfter(char c) -> bool {
++	static std::string chars = "])}>.,:;*+-=&/\\";
++	return chars.find(c) != std::string::npos;
++}
+ 
+-    class Spacer : public Column {
++class Columns;
+ 
+-    public:
+-        explicit Spacer( size_t spaceWidth ) : Column( "" ) {
+-            width( spaceWidth );
+-        }
+-    };
++class Column {
++	std::vector<std::string> m_strings;
++	size_t m_width = CATCH_CLARA_TEXTFLOW_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH;
++	size_t m_indent = 0;
++	size_t m_initialIndent = std::string::npos;
+ 
+-    class Columns {
+-        std::vector<Column> m_columns;
++public:
++	class iterator {
++		friend Column;
+ 
+-    public:
++		Column const& m_column;
++		size_t m_stringIndex = 0;
++		size_t m_pos = 0;
++
++		size_t m_len = 0;
++		size_t m_end = 0;
++		bool m_suffix = false;
++
++		iterator(Column const& column, size_t stringIndex)
++			: m_column(column),
++			m_stringIndex(stringIndex) {}
++
++		auto line() const -> std::string const& { return m_column.m_strings[m_stringIndex]; }
++
++		auto isBoundary(size_t at) const -> bool {
++			assert(at > 0);
++			assert(at <= line().size());
++
++			return at == line().size() ||
++				(isWhitespace(line()[at]) && !isWhitespace(line()[at - 1])) ||
++				isBreakableBefore(line()[at]) ||
++				isBreakableAfter(line()[at - 1]);
++		}
++
++		void calcLength() {
++			assert(m_stringIndex < m_column.m_strings.size());
++
++			m_suffix = false;
++			auto width = m_column.m_width - indent();
++			m_end = m_pos;
++			if (line()[m_pos] == '\n') {
++				++m_end;
++			}
++			while (m_end < line().size() && line()[m_end] != '\n')
++				++m_end;
++
++			if (m_end < m_pos + width) {
++				m_len = m_end - m_pos;
++			} else {
++				size_t len = width;
++				while (len > 0 && !isBoundary(m_pos + len))
++					--len;
++				while (len > 0 && isWhitespace(line()[m_pos + len - 1]))
++					--len;
++
++				if (len > 0) {
++					m_len = len;
++				} else {
++					m_suffix = true;
++					m_len = width - 1;
++				}
++			}
++		}
++
++		auto indent() const -> size_t {
++			auto initial = m_pos == 0 && m_stringIndex == 0 ? m_column.m_initialIndent : std::string::npos;
++			return initial == std::string::npos ? m_column.m_indent : initial;
++		}
++
++		auto addIndentAndSuffix(std::string const &plain) const -> std::string {
++			return std::string(indent(), ' ') + (m_suffix ? plain + "-" : plain);
++		}
++
++	public:
++		using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
++		using value_type = std::string;
++		using pointer = value_type * ;
++		using reference = value_type & ;
++		using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;
++
++		explicit iterator(Column const& column) : m_column(column) {
++			assert(m_column.m_width > m_column.m_indent);
++			assert(m_column.m_initialIndent == std::string::npos || m_column.m_width > m_column.m_initialIndent);
++			calcLength();
++			if (m_len == 0)
++				m_stringIndex++; // Empty string
++		}
++
++		auto operator *() const -> std::string {
++			assert(m_stringIndex < m_column.m_strings.size());
++			assert(m_pos <= m_end);
++			return addIndentAndSuffix(line().substr(m_pos, m_len));
++		}
++
++		auto operator ++() -> iterator& {
++			m_pos += m_len;
++			if (m_pos < line().size() && line()[m_pos] == '\n')
++				m_pos += 1;
++			else
++				while (m_pos < line().size() && isWhitespace(line()[m_pos]))
++					++m_pos;
++
++			if (m_pos == line().size()) {
++				m_pos = 0;
++				++m_stringIndex;
++			}
++			if (m_stringIndex < m_column.m_strings.size())
++				calcLength();
++			return *this;
++		}
++		auto operator ++(int) -> iterator {
++			iterator prev(*this);
++			operator++();
++			return prev;
++		}
++
++		auto operator ==(iterator const& other) const -> bool {
++			return
++				m_pos == other.m_pos &&
++				m_stringIndex == other.m_stringIndex &&
++				&m_column == &other.m_column;
++		}
++		auto operator !=(iterator const& other) const -> bool {
++			return !operator==(other);
++		}
++	};
++	using const_iterator = iterator;
++
++	explicit Column(std::string const& text) { m_strings.push_back(text); }
++
++	auto width(size_t newWidth) -> Column& {
++		assert(newWidth > 0);
++		m_width = newWidth;
++		return *this;
++	}
++	auto indent(size_t newIndent) -> Column& {
++		m_indent = newIndent;
++		return *this;
++	}
++	auto initialIndent(size_t newIndent) -> Column& {
++		m_initialIndent = newIndent;
++		return *this;
++	}
+ 
+-        class iterator {
+-            friend Columns;
+-            struct EndTag {};
++	auto width() const -> size_t { return m_width; }
++	auto begin() const -> iterator { return iterator(*this); }
++	auto end() const -> iterator { return { *this, m_strings.size() }; }
++
++	inline friend std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& os, Column const& col) {
++		bool first = true;
++		for (auto line : col) {
++			if (first)
++				first = false;
++			else
++				os << "\n";
++			os << line;
++		}
++		return os;
++	}
+ 
+-            std::vector<Column> const& m_columns;
+-            std::vector<Column::iterator> m_iterators;
+-            size_t m_activeIterators;
++	auto operator + (Column const& other)->Columns;
+ 
+-            iterator( Columns const& columns, EndTag )
+-            :   m_columns( columns.m_columns ),
+-                m_activeIterators( 0 )
+-            {
+-                m_iterators.reserve( m_columns.size() );
++	auto toString() const -> std::string {
++		std::ostringstream oss;
++		oss << *this;
++		return oss.str();
++	}
++};
+ 
+-                for( auto const& col : m_columns )
+-                    m_iterators.push_back( col.end() );
+-            }
++class Spacer : public Column {
+ 
+-        public:
+-            explicit iterator( Columns const& columns )
+-            :   m_columns( columns.m_columns ),
+-                m_activeIterators( m_columns.size() )
+-            {
+-                m_iterators.reserve( m_columns.size() );
++public:
++	explicit Spacer(size_t spaceWidth) : Column("") {
++		width(spaceWidth);
++	}
++};
+ 
+-                for( auto const& col : m_columns )
+-                    m_iterators.push_back( col.begin() );
+-            }
++class Columns {
++	std::vector<Column> m_columns;
+ 
+-            auto operator ==( iterator const& other ) const -> bool {
+-                return m_iterators == other.m_iterators;
+-            }
+-            auto operator !=( iterator const& other ) const -> bool {
+-                return m_iterators != other.m_iterators;
+-            }
+-            auto operator *() const -> std::string {
+-                std::string row, padding;
+-
+-                for( size_t i = 0; i < m_columns.size(); ++i ) {
+-                    auto width = m_columns[i].width();
+-                    if( m_iterators[i] != m_columns[i].end() ) {
+-                        std::string col = *m_iterators[i];
+-                        row += padding + col;
+-                        if( col.size() < width )
+-                            padding = std::string( width - col.size(), ' ' );
+-                        else
+-                            padding = "";
+-                    }
+-                    else {
+-                        padding += std::string( width, ' ' );
+-                    }
+-                }
+-                return row;
+-            }
+-            auto operator ++() -> iterator& {
+-                for( size_t i = 0; i < m_columns.size(); ++i ) {
+-                    if (m_iterators[i] != m_columns[i].end())
+-                        ++m_iterators[i];
+-                }
+-                return *this;
+-            }
+-            auto operator ++(int) -> iterator {
+-                iterator prev( *this );
+-                operator++();
+-                return prev;
+-            }
+-        };
+-        using const_iterator = iterator;
++public:
+ 
+-        auto begin() const -> iterator { return iterator( *this ); }
+-        auto end() const -> iterator { return { *this, iterator::EndTag() }; }
++	class iterator {
++		friend Columns;
++		struct EndTag {};
++
++		std::vector<Column> const& m_columns;
++		std::vector<Column::iterator> m_iterators;
++		size_t m_activeIterators;
++
++		iterator(Columns const& columns, EndTag)
++			: m_columns(columns.m_columns),
++			m_activeIterators(0) {
++			m_iterators.reserve(m_columns.size());
++
++			for (auto const& col : m_columns)
++				m_iterators.push_back(col.end());
++		}
++
++	public:
++		using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
++		using value_type = std::string;
++		using pointer = value_type * ;
++		using reference = value_type & ;
++		using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;
++
++		explicit iterator(Columns const& columns)
++			: m_columns(columns.m_columns),
++			m_activeIterators(m_columns.size()) {
++			m_iterators.reserve(m_columns.size());
++
++			for (auto const& col : m_columns)
++				m_iterators.push_back(col.begin());
++		}
++
++		auto operator ==(iterator const& other) const -> bool {
++			return m_iterators == other.m_iterators;
++		}
++		auto operator !=(iterator const& other) const -> bool {
++			return m_iterators != other.m_iterators;
++		}
++		auto operator *() const -> std::string {
++			std::string row, padding;
++
++			for (size_t i = 0; i < m_columns.size(); ++i) {
++				auto width = m_columns[i].width();
++				if (m_iterators[i] != m_columns[i].end()) {
++					std::string col = *m_iterators[i];
++					row += padding + col;
++					if (col.size() < width)
++						padding = std::string(width - col.size(), ' ');
++					else
++						padding = "";
++				} else {
++					padding += std::string(width, ' ');
++				}
++			}
++			return row;
++		}
++		auto operator ++() -> iterator& {
++			for (size_t i = 0; i < m_columns.size(); ++i) {
++				if (m_iterators[i] != m_columns[i].end())
++					++m_iterators[i];
++			}
++			return *this;
++		}
++		auto operator ++(int) -> iterator {
++			iterator prev(*this);
++			operator++();
++			return prev;
++		}
++	};
++	using const_iterator = iterator;
++
++	auto begin() const -> iterator { return iterator(*this); }
++	auto end() const -> iterator { return { *this, iterator::EndTag() }; }
++
++	auto operator += (Column const& col) -> Columns& {
++		m_columns.push_back(col);
++		return *this;
++	}
++	auto operator + (Column const& col) -> Columns {
++		Columns combined = *this;
++		combined += col;
++		return combined;
++	}
+ 
+-        auto operator += ( Column const& col ) -> Columns& {
+-            m_columns.push_back( col );
+-            return *this;
+-        }
+-        auto operator + ( Column const& col ) -> Columns {
+-            Columns combined = *this;
+-            combined += col;
+-            return combined;
+-        }
++	inline friend std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& os, Columns const& cols) {
+ 
+-        inline friend std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, Columns const& cols ) {
++		bool first = true;
++		for (auto line : cols) {
++			if (first)
++				first = false;
++			else
++				os << "\n";
++			os << line;
++		}
++		return os;
++	}
+ 
+-            bool first = true;
+-            for( auto line : cols ) {
+-                if( first )
+-                    first = false;
+-                else
+-                    os << "\n";
+-                os << line;
+-            }
+-            return os;
+-        }
++	auto toString() const -> std::string {
++		std::ostringstream oss;
++		oss << *this;
++		return oss.str();
++	}
++};
+ 
+-        auto toString() const -> std::string {
+-            std::ostringstream oss;
+-            oss << *this;
+-            return oss.str();
+-        }
+-    };
++inline auto Column::operator + (Column const& other) -> Columns {
++	Columns cols;
++	cols += *this;
++	cols += other;
++	return cols;
++}
++}
+ 
+-    inline auto Column::operator + ( Column const& other ) -> Columns {
+-        Columns cols;
+-        cols += *this;
+-        cols += other;
+-        return cols;
+-    }
+-}}} // namespace Catch::clara::TextFlow
++}
++}
+ 
+ // ----------- end of #include from clara_textflow.hpp -----------
+ // ........... back in clara.hpp
+ 
++#include <cctype>
++#include <string>
+ #include <memory>
+ #include <set>
+ #include <algorithm>
+@@ -4714,7 +8816,7 @@
+     template<typename ClassT, typename ReturnT, typename ArgT>
+     struct UnaryLambdaTraits<ReturnT( ClassT::* )( ArgT ) const> {
+         static const bool isValid = true;
+-        using ArgType = typename std::remove_const<typename std::remove_reference<ArgT>::type>::type;;
++        using ArgType = typename std::remove_const<typename std::remove_reference<ArgT>::type>::type;
+         using ReturnType = ReturnT;
+     };
+ 
+@@ -4727,11 +8829,9 @@
+         std::vector<std::string> m_args;
+ 
+     public:
+-        Args( int argc, char *argv[] ) {
+-            m_exeName = argv[0];
+-            for( int i = 1; i < argc; ++i )
+-                m_args.push_back( argv[i] );
+-        }
++        Args( int argc, char const* const* argv )
++            : m_exeName(argv[0]),
++              m_args(argv + 1, argv + argc) {}
+ 
+         Args( std::initializer_list<std::string> args )
+         :   m_exeName( *args.begin() ),
+@@ -4878,7 +8978,7 @@
+             return *this;
+         }
+ 
+-        ~ResultValueBase() {
++        ~ResultValueBase() override {
+             if( m_type == Ok )
+                 m_value.~T();
+         }
+@@ -4916,16 +9016,14 @@
+         auto errorMessage() const -> std::string { return m_errorMessage; }
+ 
+     protected:
+-        virtual void enforceOk() const {
+-            // !TBD: If no exceptions, std::terminate here or something
+-            switch( m_type ) {
+-                case ResultBase::LogicError:
+-                    throw std::logic_error( m_errorMessage );
+-                case ResultBase::RuntimeError:
+-                    throw std::runtime_error( m_errorMessage );
+-                case ResultBase::Ok:
+-                    break;
+-            }
++        void enforceOk() const override {
++
++            // Errors shouldn't reach this point, but if they do
++            // the actual error message will be in m_errorMessage
++            assert( m_type != ResultBase::LogicError );
++            assert( m_type != ResultBase::RuntimeError );
++            if( m_type != ResultBase::Ok )
++                std::abort();
+         }
+ 
+         std::string m_errorMessage; // Only populated if resultType is an error
+@@ -4986,7 +9084,7 @@
+     }
+     inline auto convertInto( std::string const &source, bool &target ) -> ParserResult {
+         std::string srcLC = source;
+-        std::transform( srcLC.begin(), srcLC.end(), srcLC.begin(), []( char c ) { return static_cast<char>( ::tolower(c) ); } );
++        std::transform( srcLC.begin(), srcLC.end(), srcLC.begin(), []( unsigned char c ) { return static_cast<char>( std::tolower(c) ); } );
+         if (srcLC == "y" || srcLC == "1" || srcLC == "true" || srcLC == "yes" || srcLC == "on")
+             target = true;
+         else if (srcLC == "n" || srcLC == "0" || srcLC == "false" || srcLC == "no" || srcLC == "off")
+@@ -4995,47 +9093,43 @@
+             return ParserResult::runtimeError( "Expected a boolean value but did not recognise: '" + source + "'" );
+         return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+     }
++#ifdef CLARA_CONFIG_OPTIONAL_TYPE
++    template<typename T>
++    inline auto convertInto( std::string const &source, CLARA_CONFIG_OPTIONAL_TYPE<T>& target ) -> ParserResult {
++        T temp;
++        auto result = convertInto( source, temp );
++        if( result )
++            target = std::move(temp);
++        return result;
++    }
++#endif // CLARA_CONFIG_OPTIONAL_TYPE
++
++    struct NonCopyable {
++        NonCopyable() = default;
++        NonCopyable( NonCopyable const & ) = delete;
++        NonCopyable( NonCopyable && ) = delete;
++        NonCopyable &operator=( NonCopyable const & ) = delete;
++        NonCopyable &operator=( NonCopyable && ) = delete;
++    };
+ 
+-    struct BoundRefBase {
+-        BoundRefBase() = default;
+-        BoundRefBase( BoundRefBase const & ) = delete;
+-        BoundRefBase( BoundRefBase && ) = delete;
+-        BoundRefBase &operator=( BoundRefBase const & ) = delete;
+-        BoundRefBase &operator=( BoundRefBase && ) = delete;
+-
+-        virtual ~BoundRefBase() = default;
+-
+-        virtual auto isFlag() const -> bool = 0;
++    struct BoundRef : NonCopyable {
++        virtual ~BoundRef() = default;
+         virtual auto isContainer() const -> bool { return false; }
+-        virtual auto setValue( std::string const &arg ) -> ParserResult = 0;
+-        virtual auto setFlag( bool flag ) -> ParserResult = 0;
++        virtual auto isFlag() const -> bool { return false; }
+     };
+-
+-    struct BoundValueRefBase : BoundRefBase {
+-        auto isFlag() const -> bool override { return false; }
+-
+-        auto setFlag( bool ) -> ParserResult override {
+-            return ParserResult::logicError( "Flags can only be set on boolean fields" );
+-        }
++    struct BoundValueRefBase : BoundRef {
++        virtual auto setValue( std::string const &arg ) -> ParserResult = 0;
+     };
+-
+-    struct BoundFlagRefBase : BoundRefBase {
+-        auto isFlag() const -> bool override { return true; }
+-
+-        auto setValue( std::string const &arg ) -> ParserResult override {
+-            bool flag;
+-            auto result = convertInto( arg, flag );
+-            if( result )
+-                setFlag( flag );
+-            return result;
+-        }
++    struct BoundFlagRefBase : BoundRef {
++        virtual auto setFlag( bool flag ) -> ParserResult = 0;
++        virtual auto isFlag() const -> bool { return true; }
+     };
+ 
+     template<typename T>
+-    struct BoundRef : BoundValueRefBase {
++    struct BoundValueRef : BoundValueRefBase {
+         T &m_ref;
+ 
+-        explicit BoundRef( T &ref ) : m_ref( ref ) {}
++        explicit BoundValueRef( T &ref ) : m_ref( ref ) {}
+ 
+         auto setValue( std::string const &arg ) -> ParserResult override {
+             return convertInto( arg, m_ref );
+@@ -5043,10 +9137,10 @@
+     };
+ 
+     template<typename T>
+-    struct BoundRef<std::vector<T>> : BoundValueRefBase {
++    struct BoundValueRef<std::vector<T>> : BoundValueRefBase {
+         std::vector<T> &m_ref;
+ 
+-        explicit BoundRef( std::vector<T> &ref ) : m_ref( ref ) {}
++        explicit BoundValueRef( std::vector<T> &ref ) : m_ref( ref ) {}
+ 
+         auto isContainer() const -> bool override { return true; }
+ 
+@@ -5091,12 +9185,12 @@
+ 
+     template<typename ArgType, typename L>
+     inline auto invokeLambda( L const &lambda, std::string const &arg ) -> ParserResult {
+-        ArgType temp;
++        ArgType temp{};
+         auto result = convertInto( arg, temp );
+         return !result
+            ? result
+            : LambdaInvoker<typename UnaryLambdaTraits<L>::ReturnType>::invoke( lambda, temp );
+-    };
++    }
+ 
+     template<typename L>
+     struct BoundLambda : BoundValueRefBase {
+@@ -5145,6 +9239,9 @@
+     public:
+         template<typename T>
+         auto operator|( T const &other ) const -> Parser;
++
++		template<typename T>
++        auto operator+( T const &other ) const -> Parser;
+     };
+ 
+     // Common code and state for Args and Opts
+@@ -5152,16 +9249,16 @@
+     class ParserRefImpl : public ComposableParserImpl<DerivedT> {
+     protected:
+         Optionality m_optionality = Optionality::Optional;
+-        std::shared_ptr<BoundRefBase> m_ref;
++        std::shared_ptr<BoundRef> m_ref;
+         std::string m_hint;
+         std::string m_description;
+ 
+-        explicit ParserRefImpl( std::shared_ptr<BoundRefBase> const &ref ) : m_ref( ref ) {}
++        explicit ParserRefImpl( std::shared_ptr<BoundRef> const &ref ) : m_ref( ref ) {}
+ 
+     public:
+         template<typename T>
+         ParserRefImpl( T &ref, std::string const &hint )
+-        :   m_ref( std::make_shared<BoundRef<T>>( ref ) ),
++        :   m_ref( std::make_shared<BoundValueRef<T>>( ref ) ),
+             m_hint( hint )
+         {}
+ 
+@@ -5202,10 +9299,10 @@
+ 
+     class ExeName : public ComposableParserImpl<ExeName> {
+         std::shared_ptr<std::string> m_name;
+-        std::shared_ptr<BoundRefBase> m_ref;
++        std::shared_ptr<BoundValueRefBase> m_ref;
+ 
+         template<typename LambdaT>
+-        static auto makeRef(LambdaT const &lambda) -> std::shared_ptr<BoundRefBase> {
++        static auto makeRef(LambdaT const &lambda) -> std::shared_ptr<BoundValueRefBase> {
+             return std::make_shared<BoundLambda<LambdaT>>( lambda) ;
+         }
+ 
+@@ -5213,7 +9310,7 @@
+         ExeName() : m_name( std::make_shared<std::string>( "<executable>" ) ) {}
+ 
+         explicit ExeName( std::string &ref ) : ExeName() {
+-            m_ref = std::make_shared<BoundRef<std::string>>( ref );
++            m_ref = std::make_shared<BoundValueRef<std::string>>( ref );
+         }
+ 
+         template<typename LambdaT>
+@@ -5256,7 +9353,10 @@
+             if( token.type != TokenType::Argument )
+                 return InternalParseResult::ok( ParseState( ParseResultType::NoMatch, remainingTokens ) );
+ 
+-            auto result = m_ref->setValue( remainingTokens->token );
++            assert( !m_ref->isFlag() );
++            auto valueRef = static_cast<detail::BoundValueRefBase*>( m_ref.get() );
++
++            auto result = valueRef->setValue( remainingTokens->token );
+             if( !result )
+                 return InternalParseResult( result );
+             else
+@@ -5330,19 +9430,21 @@
+                 auto const &token = *remainingTokens;
+                 if( isMatch(token.token ) ) {
+                     if( m_ref->isFlag() ) {
+-                        auto result = m_ref->setFlag( true );
++                        auto flagRef = static_cast<detail::BoundFlagRefBase*>( m_ref.get() );
++                        auto result = flagRef->setFlag( true );
+                         if( !result )
+                             return InternalParseResult( result );
+                         if( result.value() == ParseResultType::ShortCircuitAll )
+                             return InternalParseResult::ok( ParseState( result.value(), remainingTokens ) );
+                     } else {
++                        auto valueRef = static_cast<detail::BoundValueRefBase*>( m_ref.get() );
+                         ++remainingTokens;
+                         if( !remainingTokens )
+                             return InternalParseResult::runtimeError( "Expected argument following " + token.token );
+                         auto const &argToken = *remainingTokens;
+                         if( argToken.type != TokenType::Argument )
+                             return InternalParseResult::runtimeError( "Expected argument following " + token.token );
+-                        auto result = m_ref->setValue( argToken.token );
++                        auto result = valueRef->setValue( argToken.token );
+                         if( !result )
+                             return InternalParseResult( result );
+                         if( result.value() == ParseResultType::ShortCircuitAll )
+@@ -5418,6 +9520,12 @@
+             return Parser( *this ) |= other;
+         }
+ 
++        // Forward deprecated interface with '+' instead of '|'
++        template<typename T>
++        auto operator+=( T const &other ) -> Parser & { return operator|=( other ); }
++        template<typename T>
++        auto operator+( T const &other ) const -> Parser { return operator|( other ); }
++
+         auto getHelpColumns() const -> std::vector<HelpColumns> {
+             std::vector<HelpColumns> cols;
+             for (auto const &o : m_options) {
+@@ -5457,6 +9565,8 @@
+             for( auto const &cols : rows )
+                 optWidth = (std::max)(optWidth, cols.left.size() + 2);
+ 
++            optWidth = (std::min)(optWidth, consoleWidth/2);
++
+             for( auto const &cols : rows ) {
+                 auto row =
+                         TextFlow::Column( cols.left ).width( optWidth ).indent( 2 ) +
+@@ -5596,9 +9706,19 @@
+         using namespace clara;
+ 
+         auto const setWarning = [&]( std::string const& warning ) {
+-                if( warning != "NoAssertions" )
++                auto warningSet = [&]() {
++                    if( warning == "NoAssertions" )
++                        return WarnAbout::NoAssertions;
++
++                    if ( warning == "NoTests" )
++                        return WarnAbout::NoTests;
++
++                    return WarnAbout::Nothing;
++                }();
++
++                if (warningSet == WarnAbout::Nothing)
+                     return ParserResult::runtimeError( "Unrecognised warning: '" + warning + "'" );
+-                config.warnings = static_cast<WarnAbout::What>( config.warnings | WarnAbout::NoAssertions );
++                config.warnings = static_cast<WarnAbout::What>( config.warnings | warningSet );
+                 return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+             };
+         auto const loadTestNamesFromFile = [&]( std::string const& filename ) {
+@@ -5612,9 +9732,14 @@
+                     if( !line.empty() && !startsWith( line, '#' ) ) {
+                         if( !startsWith( line, '"' ) )
+                             line = '"' + line + '"';
+-                        config.testsOrTags.push_back( line + ',' );
++                        config.testsOrTags.push_back( line );
++                        config.testsOrTags.emplace_back( "," );
+                     }
+                 }
++                //Remove comma in the end
++                if(!config.testsOrTags.empty())
++                    config.testsOrTags.erase( config.testsOrTags.end()-1 );
++
+                 return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+             };
+         auto const setTestOrder = [&]( std::string const& order ) {
+@@ -5649,14 +9774,16 @@
+             };
+         auto const setWaitForKeypress = [&]( std::string const& keypress ) {
+                 auto keypressLc = toLower( keypress );
+-                if( keypressLc == "start" )
++                if (keypressLc == "never")
++                    config.waitForKeypress = WaitForKeypress::Never;
++                else if( keypressLc == "start" )
+                     config.waitForKeypress = WaitForKeypress::BeforeStart;
+                 else if( keypressLc == "exit" )
+                     config.waitForKeypress = WaitForKeypress::BeforeExit;
+                 else if( keypressLc == "both" )
+                     config.waitForKeypress = WaitForKeypress::BeforeStartAndExit;
+                 else
+-                    return ParserResult::runtimeError( "keypress argument must be one of: start, exit or both. '" + keypress + "' not recognised" );
++                    return ParserResult::runtimeError( "keypress argument must be one of: never, start, exit or both. '" + keypress + "' not recognised" );
+             return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+             };
+         auto const setVerbosity = [&]( std::string const& verbosity ) {
+@@ -5671,6 +9798,18 @@
+                 return ParserResult::runtimeError( "Unrecognised verbosity, '" + verbosity + "'" );
+             return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+         };
++        auto const setReporter = [&]( std::string const& reporter ) {
++            IReporterRegistry::FactoryMap const& factories = getRegistryHub().getReporterRegistry().getFactories();
++
++            auto lcReporter = toLower( reporter );
++            auto result = factories.find( lcReporter );
++
++            if( factories.end() != result )
++                config.reporterName = lcReporter;
++            else
++                return ParserResult::runtimeError( "Unrecognized reporter, '" + reporter + "'. Check available with --list-reporters" );
++            return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
++        };
+ 
+         auto cli
+             = ExeName( config.processName )
+@@ -5696,7 +9835,7 @@
+             | Opt( config.outputFilename, "filename" )
+                 ["-o"]["--out"]
+                 ( "output filename" )
+-            | Opt( config.reporterNames, "name" )
++            | Opt( setReporter, "name" )
+                 ["-r"]["--reporter"]
+                 ( "reporter to use (defaults to console)" )
+             | Opt( config.name, "name" )
+@@ -5714,6 +9853,9 @@
+             | Opt( [&]( bool flag ) { config.showDurations = flag ? ShowDurations::Always : ShowDurations::Never; }, "yes|no" )
+                 ["-d"]["--durations"]
+                 ( "show test durations" )
++            | Opt( config.minDuration, "seconds" )
++                ["-D"]["--min-duration"]
++                ( "show test durations for tests taking at least the given number of seconds" )
+             | Opt( loadTestNamesFromFile, "filename" )
+                 ["-f"]["--input-file"]
+                 ( "load test names to run from a file" )
+@@ -5744,13 +9886,24 @@
+             | Opt( config.libIdentify )
+                 ["--libidentify"]
+                 ( "report name and version according to libidentify standard" )
+-            | Opt( setWaitForKeypress, "start|exit|both" )
++            | Opt( setWaitForKeypress, "never|start|exit|both" )
+                 ["--wait-for-keypress"]
+                 ( "waits for a keypress before exiting" )
+-            | Opt( config.benchmarkResolutionMultiple, "multiplier" )
+-                ["--benchmark-resolution-multiple"]
+-                ( "multiple of clock resolution to run benchmarks" )
+-
++            | Opt( config.benchmarkSamples, "samples" )
++                ["--benchmark-samples"]
++                ( "number of samples to collect (default: 100)" )
++            | Opt( config.benchmarkResamples, "resamples" )
++                ["--benchmark-resamples"]
++                ( "number of resamples for the bootstrap (default: 100000)" )
++            | Opt( config.benchmarkConfidenceInterval, "confidence interval" )
++                ["--benchmark-confidence-interval"]
++                ( "confidence interval for the bootstrap (between 0 and 1, default: 0.95)" )
++            | Opt( config.benchmarkNoAnalysis )
++                ["--benchmark-no-analysis"]
++                ( "perform only measurements; do not perform any analysis" )
++            | Opt( config.benchmarkWarmupTime, "benchmarkWarmupTime" )
++                ["--benchmark-warmup-time"]
++                ( "amount of time in milliseconds spent on warming up each test (default: 100)" )
+             | Arg( config.testsOrTags, "test name|pattern|tags" )
+                 ( "which test or tests to use" );
+ 
+@@ -5766,18 +9919,13 @@
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+-    SourceLineInfo::SourceLineInfo( char const* _file, std::size_t _line ) noexcept
+-    :   file( _file ),
+-        line( _line )
+-    {}
+-    bool SourceLineInfo::empty() const noexcept {
+-        return file[0] == '\0';
+-    }
+     bool SourceLineInfo::operator == ( SourceLineInfo const& other ) const noexcept {
+         return line == other.line && (file == other.file || std::strcmp(file, other.file) == 0);
+     }
+     bool SourceLineInfo::operator < ( SourceLineInfo const& other ) const noexcept {
+-        return line < other.line || ( line == other.line && (std::strcmp(file, other.file) < 0));
++        // We can assume that the same file will usually have the same pointer.
++        // Thus, if the pointers are the same, there is no point in calling the strcmp
++        return line < other.line || ( line == other.line && file != other.file && (std::strcmp(file, other.file) < 0));
+     }
+ 
+     std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, SourceLineInfo const& info ) {
+@@ -5789,10 +9937,6 @@
+         return os;
+     }
+ 
+-    bool isTrue( bool value ){ return value; }
+-    bool alwaysTrue() { return true; }
+-    bool alwaysFalse() { return false; }
+-
+     std::string StreamEndStop::operator+() const {
+         return std::string();
+     }
+@@ -5810,12 +9954,25 @@
+     :   m_data( data ),
+         m_stream( openStream() )
+     {
+-        if( !data.testsOrTags.empty() ) {
+-            TestSpecParser parser( ITagAliasRegistry::get() );
+-            for( auto const& testOrTags : data.testsOrTags )
+-                parser.parse( testOrTags );
+-            m_testSpec = parser.testSpec();
++        // We need to trim filter specs to avoid trouble with superfluous
++        // whitespace (esp. important for bdd macros, as those are manually
++        // aligned with whitespace).
++
++        for (auto& elem : m_data.testsOrTags) {
++            elem = trim(elem);
++        }
++        for (auto& elem : m_data.sectionsToRun) {
++            elem = trim(elem);
+         }
++
++        TestSpecParser parser(ITagAliasRegistry::get());
++        if (!m_data.testsOrTags.empty()) {
++            m_hasTestFilters = true;
++            for (auto const& testOrTags : m_data.testsOrTags) {
++                parser.parse(testOrTags);
++            }
++        }
++        m_testSpec = parser.testSpec();
+     }
+ 
+     std::string const& Config::getFilename() const {
+@@ -5828,11 +9985,13 @@
+     bool Config::listReporters() const      { return m_data.listReporters; }
+ 
+     std::string Config::getProcessName() const { return m_data.processName; }
++    std::string const& Config::getReporterName() const { return m_data.reporterName; }
+ 
+-    std::vector<std::string> const& Config::getReporterNames() const { return m_data.reporterNames; }
++    std::vector<std::string> const& Config::getTestsOrTags() const { return m_data.testsOrTags; }
+     std::vector<std::string> const& Config::getSectionsToRun() const { return m_data.sectionsToRun; }
+ 
+     TestSpec const& Config::testSpec() const { return m_testSpec; }
++    bool Config::hasTestFilters() const { return m_hasTestFilters; }
+ 
+     bool Config::showHelp() const { return m_data.showHelp; }
+ 
+@@ -5841,28 +10000,26 @@
+     std::ostream& Config::stream() const               { return m_stream->stream(); }
+     std::string Config::name() const                   { return m_data.name.empty() ? m_data.processName : m_data.name; }
+     bool Config::includeSuccessfulResults() const      { return m_data.showSuccessfulTests; }
+-    bool Config::warnAboutMissingAssertions() const    { return m_data.warnings & WarnAbout::NoAssertions; }
++    bool Config::warnAboutMissingAssertions() const    { return !!(m_data.warnings & WarnAbout::NoAssertions); }
++    bool Config::warnAboutNoTests() const              { return !!(m_data.warnings & WarnAbout::NoTests); }
+     ShowDurations::OrNot Config::showDurations() const { return m_data.showDurations; }
++    double Config::minDuration() const                 { return m_data.minDuration; }
+     RunTests::InWhatOrder Config::runOrder() const     { return m_data.runOrder; }
+     unsigned int Config::rngSeed() const               { return m_data.rngSeed; }
+-    int Config::benchmarkResolutionMultiple() const    { return m_data.benchmarkResolutionMultiple; }
+     UseColour::YesOrNo Config::useColour() const       { return m_data.useColour; }
+     bool Config::shouldDebugBreak() const              { return m_data.shouldDebugBreak; }
+     int Config::abortAfter() const                     { return m_data.abortAfter; }
+     bool Config::showInvisibles() const                { return m_data.showInvisibles; }
+     Verbosity Config::verbosity() const                { return m_data.verbosity; }
+ 
++    bool Config::benchmarkNoAnalysis() const                      { return m_data.benchmarkNoAnalysis; }
++    int Config::benchmarkSamples() const                          { return m_data.benchmarkSamples; }
++    double Config::benchmarkConfidenceInterval() const            { return m_data.benchmarkConfidenceInterval; }
++    unsigned int Config::benchmarkResamples() const               { return m_data.benchmarkResamples; }
++    std::chrono::milliseconds Config::benchmarkWarmupTime() const { return std::chrono::milliseconds(m_data.benchmarkWarmupTime); }
++
+     IStream const* Config::openStream() {
+-        if( m_data.outputFilename.empty() )
+-            return new CoutStream();
+-        else if( m_data.outputFilename[0] == '%' ) {
+-            if( m_data.outputFilename == "%debug" )
+-                return new DebugOutStream();
+-            else
+-                CATCH_ERROR( "Unrecognised stream: '" << m_data.outputFilename << "'" );
+-        }
+-        else
+-            return new FileStream( m_data.outputFilename );
++        return Catch::makeStream(m_data.outputFilename);
+     }
+ 
+ } // end namespace Catch
+@@ -5919,6 +10076,8 @@
+ #endif // defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+ 
+ // end catch_windows_h_proxy.h
++#include <sstream>
++
+ namespace Catch {
+     namespace {
+ 
+@@ -5928,7 +10087,7 @@
+         };
+ 
+         struct NoColourImpl : IColourImpl {
+-            void use( Colour::Code ) {}
++            void use( Colour::Code ) override {}
+ 
+             static IColourImpl* instance() {
+                 static NoColourImpl s_instance;
+@@ -5962,7 +10121,7 @@
+             originalBackgroundAttributes = csbiInfo.wAttributes & ~( FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY );
+         }
+ 
+-        virtual void use( Colour::Code _colourCode ) override {
++        void use( Colour::Code _colourCode ) override {
+             switch( _colourCode ) {
+                 case Colour::None:      return setTextAttribute( originalForegroundAttributes );
+                 case Colour::White:     return setTextAttribute( FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_BLUE );
+@@ -5977,8 +10136,12 @@
+                 case Colour::BrightRed:     return setTextAttribute( FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED );
+                 case Colour::BrightGreen:   return setTextAttribute( FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_GREEN );
+                 case Colour::BrightWhite:   return setTextAttribute( FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_BLUE );
++                case Colour::BrightYellow:  return setTextAttribute( FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN );
+ 
+                 case Colour::Bright: CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR( "not a colour" );
++
++                default:
++                    CATCH_ERROR( "Unknown colour requested" );
+             }
+         }
+ 
+@@ -6021,7 +10184,7 @@
+     // https://github.com/philsquared/Catch/pull/131
+     class PosixColourImpl : public IColourImpl {
+     public:
+-        virtual void use( Colour::Code _colourCode ) override {
++        void use( Colour::Code _colourCode ) override {
+             switch( _colourCode ) {
+                 case Colour::None:
+                 case Colour::White:     return setColour( "[0m" );
+@@ -6036,8 +10199,10 @@
+                 case Colour::BrightRed:     return setColour( "[1;31m" );
+                 case Colour::BrightGreen:   return setColour( "[1;32m" );
+                 case Colour::BrightWhite:   return setColour( "[1;37m" );
++                case Colour::BrightYellow:  return setColour( "[1;33m" );
+ 
+                 case Colour::Bright: CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR( "not a colour" );
++                default: CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR( "Unknown colour requested" );
+             }
+         }
+         static IColourImpl* instance() {
+@@ -6047,16 +10212,22 @@
+ 
+     private:
+         void setColour( const char* _escapeCode ) {
+-            Catch::cout() << '\033' << _escapeCode;
++            getCurrentContext().getConfig()->stream()
++                << '\033' << _escapeCode;
+         }
+     };
+ 
+     bool useColourOnPlatform() {
+         return
+-#ifdef CATCH_PLATFORM_MAC
++#if defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_MAC) || defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_IPHONE)
+             !isDebuggerActive() &&
+ #endif
+-            isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
++#if !(defined(__DJGPP__) && defined(__STRICT_ANSI__))
++            isatty(STDOUT_FILENO)
++#else
++            false
++#endif
++            ;
+     }
+     IColourImpl* platformColourInstance() {
+         ErrnoGuard guard;
+@@ -6089,13 +10260,13 @@
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+     Colour::Colour( Code _colourCode ) { use( _colourCode ); }
+-    Colour::Colour( Colour&& rhs ) noexcept {
+-        m_moved = rhs.m_moved;
+-        rhs.m_moved = true;
+-    }
+-    Colour& Colour::operator=( Colour&& rhs ) noexcept {
+-        m_moved = rhs.m_moved;
+-        rhs.m_moved  = true;
++    Colour::Colour( Colour&& other ) noexcept {
++        m_moved = other.m_moved;
++        other.m_moved = true;
++    }
++    Colour& Colour::operator=( Colour&& other ) noexcept {
++        m_moved = other.m_moved;
++        other.m_moved  = true;
+         return *this;
+     }
+ 
+@@ -6103,7 +10274,13 @@
+ 
+     void Colour::use( Code _colourCode ) {
+         static IColourImpl* impl = platformColourInstance();
+-        impl->use( _colourCode );
++        // Strictly speaking, this cannot possibly happen.
++        // However, under some conditions it does happen (see #1626),
++        // and this change is small enough that we can let practicality
++        // triumph over purity in this case.
++        if (impl != nullptr) {
++            impl->use( _colourCode );
++        }
+     }
+ 
+     std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, Colour const& ) {
+@@ -6124,27 +10301,27 @@
+     class Context : public IMutableContext, NonCopyable {
+ 
+     public: // IContext
+-        virtual IResultCapture* getResultCapture() override {
++        IResultCapture* getResultCapture() override {
+             return m_resultCapture;
+         }
+-        virtual IRunner* getRunner() override {
++        IRunner* getRunner() override {
+             return m_runner;
+         }
+ 
+-        virtual IConfigPtr getConfig() const override {
++        IConfigPtr const& getConfig() const override {
+             return m_config;
+         }
+ 
+-        virtual ~Context() override;
++        ~Context() override;
+ 
+     public: // IMutableContext
+-        virtual void setResultCapture( IResultCapture* resultCapture ) override {
++        void setResultCapture( IResultCapture* resultCapture ) override {
+             m_resultCapture = resultCapture;
+         }
+-        virtual void setRunner( IRunner* runner ) override {
++        void setRunner( IRunner* runner ) override {
+             m_runner = runner;
+         }
+-        virtual void setConfig( IConfigPtr const& config ) override {
++        void setConfig( IConfigPtr const& config ) override {
+             m_config = config;
+         }
+ 
+@@ -6156,25 +10333,26 @@
+         IResultCapture* m_resultCapture = nullptr;
+     };
+ 
+-    namespace {
+-        Context* currentContext = nullptr;
+-    }
+-    IMutableContext& getCurrentMutableContext() {
+-        if( !currentContext )
+-            currentContext = new Context();
+-        return *currentContext;
+-    }
+-    IContext& getCurrentContext() {
+-        return getCurrentMutableContext();
++    IMutableContext *IMutableContext::currentContext = nullptr;
++
++    void IMutableContext::createContext()
++    {
++        currentContext = new Context();
+     }
+ 
+     void cleanUpContext() {
+-        delete currentContext;
+-        currentContext = nullptr;
++        delete IMutableContext::currentContext;
++        IMutableContext::currentContext = nullptr;
+     }
+     IContext::~IContext() = default;
+     IMutableContext::~IMutableContext() = default;
+     Context::~Context() = default;
++
++    SimplePcg32& rng() {
++        static SimplePcg32 s_rng;
++        return s_rng;
++    }
++
+ }
+ // end catch_context.cpp
+ // start catch_debug_console.cpp
+@@ -6188,41 +10366,58 @@
+ }
+ 
+ // end catch_debug_console.h
+-#ifdef CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ANDROID_LOGWRITE)
++#include <android/log.h>
++
++    namespace Catch {
++        void writeToDebugConsole( std::string const& text ) {
++            __android_log_write( ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, "Catch", text.c_str() );
++        }
++    }
++
++#elif defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+ 
+     namespace Catch {
+         void writeToDebugConsole( std::string const& text ) {
+             ::OutputDebugStringA( text.c_str() );
+         }
+     }
++
+ #else
++
+     namespace Catch {
+         void writeToDebugConsole( std::string const& text ) {
+             // !TBD: Need a version for Mac/ XCode and other IDEs
+             Catch::cout() << text;
+         }
+     }
++
+ #endif // Platform
+ // end catch_debug_console.cpp
+ // start catch_debugger.cpp
+ 
+-#ifdef CATCH_PLATFORM_MAC
++#if defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_MAC) || defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_IPHONE)
+ 
+-    #include <assert.h>
+-    #include <stdbool.h>
+-    #include <sys/types.h>
+-    #include <unistd.h>
+-    #include <sys/sysctl.h>
++#  include <cassert>
++#  include <sys/types.h>
++#  include <unistd.h>
++#  include <cstddef>
++#  include <ostream>
++
++#ifdef __apple_build_version__
++    // These headers will only compile with AppleClang (XCode)
++    // For other compilers (Clang, GCC, ... ) we need to exclude them
++#  include <sys/sysctl.h>
++#endif
+ 
+     namespace Catch {
+-
++        #ifdef __apple_build_version__
+         // The following function is taken directly from the following technical note:
+-        // http://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#qa/qa2004/qa1361.html
++        // https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/qa/qa1361/_index.html
+ 
+         // Returns true if the current process is being debugged (either
+         // running under the debugger or has a debugger attached post facto).
+         bool isDebuggerActive(){
+-
+             int                 mib[4];
+             struct kinfo_proc   info;
+             std::size_t         size;
+@@ -6252,6 +10447,12 @@
+ 
+             return ( (info.kp_proc.p_flag & P_TRACED) != 0 );
+         }
++        #else
++        bool isDebuggerActive() {
++            // We need to find another way to determine this for non-appleclang compilers on macOS
++            return false;
++        }
++        #endif
+     } // namespace Catch
+ 
+ #elif defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_LINUX)
+@@ -6320,6 +10521,129 @@
+     }
+ }
+ // end catch_decomposer.cpp
++// start catch_enforce.cpp
++
++#include <stdexcept>
++
++namespace Catch {
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS_CUSTOM_HANDLER)
++    [[noreturn]]
++    void throw_exception(std::exception const& e) {
++        Catch::cerr() << "Catch will terminate because it needed to throw an exception.\n"
++                      << "The message was: " << e.what() << '\n';
++        std::terminate();
++    }
++#endif
++
++    [[noreturn]]
++    void throw_logic_error(std::string const& msg) {
++        throw_exception(std::logic_error(msg));
++    }
++
++    [[noreturn]]
++    void throw_domain_error(std::string const& msg) {
++        throw_exception(std::domain_error(msg));
++    }
++
++    [[noreturn]]
++    void throw_runtime_error(std::string const& msg) {
++        throw_exception(std::runtime_error(msg));
++    }
++
++} // namespace Catch;
++// end catch_enforce.cpp
++// start catch_enum_values_registry.cpp
++// start catch_enum_values_registry.h
++
++#include <vector>
++#include <memory>
++
++namespace Catch {
++
++    namespace Detail {
++
++        std::unique_ptr<EnumInfo> makeEnumInfo( StringRef enumName, StringRef allValueNames, std::vector<int> const& values );
++
++        class EnumValuesRegistry : public IMutableEnumValuesRegistry {
++
++            std::vector<std::unique_ptr<EnumInfo>> m_enumInfos;
++
++            EnumInfo const& registerEnum( StringRef enumName, StringRef allEnums, std::vector<int> const& values) override;
++        };
++
++        std::vector<StringRef> parseEnums( StringRef enums );
++
++    } // Detail
++
++} // Catch
++
++// end catch_enum_values_registry.h
++
++#include <map>
++#include <cassert>
++
++namespace Catch {
++
++    IMutableEnumValuesRegistry::~IMutableEnumValuesRegistry() {}
++
++    namespace Detail {
++
++        namespace {
++            // Extracts the actual name part of an enum instance
++            // In other words, it returns the Blue part of Bikeshed::Colour::Blue
++            StringRef extractInstanceName(StringRef enumInstance) {
++                // Find last occurrence of ":"
++                size_t name_start = enumInstance.size();
++                while (name_start > 0 && enumInstance[name_start - 1] != ':') {
++                    --name_start;
++                }
++                return enumInstance.substr(name_start, enumInstance.size() - name_start);
++            }
++        }
++
++        std::vector<StringRef> parseEnums( StringRef enums ) {
++            auto enumValues = splitStringRef( enums, ',' );
++            std::vector<StringRef> parsed;
++            parsed.reserve( enumValues.size() );
++            for( auto const& enumValue : enumValues ) {
++                parsed.push_back(trim(extractInstanceName(enumValue)));
++            }
++            return parsed;
++        }
++
++        EnumInfo::~EnumInfo() {}
++
++        StringRef EnumInfo::lookup( int value ) const {
++            for( auto const& valueToName : m_values ) {
++                if( valueToName.first == value )
++                    return valueToName.second;
++            }
++            return "{** unexpected enum value **}"_sr;
++        }
++
++        std::unique_ptr<EnumInfo> makeEnumInfo( StringRef enumName, StringRef allValueNames, std::vector<int> const& values ) {
++            std::unique_ptr<EnumInfo> enumInfo( new EnumInfo );
++            enumInfo->m_name = enumName;
++            enumInfo->m_values.reserve( values.size() );
++
++            const auto valueNames = Catch::Detail::parseEnums( allValueNames );
++            assert( valueNames.size() == values.size() );
++            std::size_t i = 0;
++            for( auto value : values )
++                enumInfo->m_values.emplace_back(value, valueNames[i++]);
++
++            return enumInfo;
++        }
++
++        EnumInfo const& EnumValuesRegistry::registerEnum( StringRef enumName, StringRef allValueNames, std::vector<int> const& values ) {
++            m_enumInfos.push_back(makeEnumInfo(enumName, allValueNames, values));
++            return *m_enumInfos.back();
++        }
++
++    } // Detail
++} // Catch
++
++// end catch_enum_values_registry.cpp
+ // start catch_errno_guard.cpp
+ 
+ #include <cerrno>
+@@ -6343,7 +10667,7 @@
+     public:
+         ~ExceptionTranslatorRegistry();
+         virtual void registerTranslator( const IExceptionTranslator* translator );
+-        virtual std::string translateActiveException() const override;
++        std::string translateActiveException() const override;
+         std::string tryTranslators() const;
+ 
+     private:
+@@ -6365,6 +10689,7 @@
+         m_translators.push_back( std::unique_ptr<const IExceptionTranslator>( translator ) );
+     }
+ 
++#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+     std::string ExceptionTranslatorRegistry::translateActiveException() const {
+         try {
+ #ifdef __OBJC__
+@@ -6376,6 +10701,17 @@
+                 return Catch::Detail::stringify( [exception description] );
+             }
+ #else
++            // Compiling a mixed mode project with MSVC means that CLR
++            // exceptions will be caught in (...) as well. However, these
++            // do not fill-in std::current_exception and thus lead to crash
++            // when attempting rethrow.
++            // /EHa switch also causes structured exceptions to be caught
++            // here, but they fill-in current_exception properly, so
++            // at worst the output should be a little weird, instead of
++            // causing a crash.
++            if (std::current_exception() == nullptr) {
++                return "Non C++ exception. Possibly a CLR exception.";
++            }
+             return tryTranslators();
+ #endif
+         }
+@@ -6397,118 +10733,81 @@
+     }
+ 
+     std::string ExceptionTranslatorRegistry::tryTranslators() const {
+-        if( m_translators.empty() )
++        if (m_translators.empty()) {
+             std::rethrow_exception(std::current_exception());
+-        else
+-            return m_translators[0]->translate( m_translators.begin()+1, m_translators.end() );
++        } else {
++            return m_translators[0]->translate(m_translators.begin() + 1, m_translators.end());
++        }
+     }
+-}
+-// end catch_exception_translator_registry.cpp
+-// start catch_fatal_condition.cpp
+-
+-// start catch_fatal_condition.h
+-
+-#include <string>
+-
+-#if defined ( CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS ) /////////////////////////////////////////
+-
+-#  if !defined ( CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH )
+-
+-namespace Catch {
+-    struct FatalConditionHandler {
+-        void reset();
+-    };
+-}
+ 
+-#  else // CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH is defined
+-
+-namespace Catch {
+-
+-    struct FatalConditionHandler {
+-
+-        static LONG CALLBACK handleVectoredException(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS ExceptionInfo);
+-        FatalConditionHandler();
+-        static void reset();
+-        ~FatalConditionHandler();
+-
+-    private:
+-        static bool isSet;
+-        static ULONG guaranteeSize;
+-        static PVOID exceptionHandlerHandle;
+-    };
+-
+-} // namespace Catch
+-
+-#  endif // CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+-
+-#else // Not Windows - assumed to be POSIX compatible //////////////////////////
++#else // ^^ Exceptions are enabled // Exceptions are disabled vv
++    std::string ExceptionTranslatorRegistry::translateActiveException() const {
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR("Attempted to translate active exception under CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS!");
++    }
+ 
+-#  if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS)
++    std::string ExceptionTranslatorRegistry::tryTranslators() const {
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR("Attempted to use exception translators under CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS!");
++    }
++#endif
+ 
+-namespace Catch {
+-    struct FatalConditionHandler {
+-        void reset();
+-    };
+ }
++// end catch_exception_translator_registry.cpp
++// start catch_fatal_condition.cpp
+ 
+-#  else // CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS is defined
++#include <algorithm>
+ 
+-#include <signal.h>
++#if !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH ) && !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS )
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+-    struct FatalConditionHandler {
+-
+-        static bool isSet;
+-        static struct sigaction oldSigActions[];// [sizeof(signalDefs) / sizeof(SignalDefs)];
+-        static stack_t oldSigStack;
+-        static char altStackMem[];
++    // If neither SEH nor signal handling is required, the handler impls
++    // do not have to do anything, and can be empty.
++    void FatalConditionHandler::engage_platform() {}
++    void FatalConditionHandler::disengage_platform() {}
++    FatalConditionHandler::FatalConditionHandler() = default;
++    FatalConditionHandler::~FatalConditionHandler() = default;
+ 
+-        static void handleSignal( int sig );
++} // end namespace Catch
+ 
+-        FatalConditionHandler();
+-        ~FatalConditionHandler();
+-        static void reset();
+-    };
++#endif // !CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH && !CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+ 
+-} // namespace Catch
++#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH ) && defined( CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS )
++#error "Inconsistent configuration: Windows' SEH handling and POSIX signals cannot be enabled at the same time"
++#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH && CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+ 
+-#  endif // CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
++#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH ) || defined( CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS )
+ 
+-#endif // not Windows
+-
+-// end catch_fatal_condition.h
+ namespace {
+-    // Report the error condition
++    //! Signals fatal error message to the run context
+     void reportFatal( char const * const message ) {
+         Catch::getCurrentContext().getResultCapture()->handleFatalErrorCondition( message );
+     }
+-}
+ 
+-#if defined ( CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS ) /////////////////////////////////////////
++    //! Minimal size Catch2 needs for its own fatal error handling.
++    //! Picked anecdotally, so it might not be sufficient on all
++    //! platforms, and for all configurations.
++    constexpr std::size_t minStackSizeForErrors = 32 * 1024;
++} // end unnamed namespace
+ 
+-#  if !defined ( CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH )
++#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH || CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+ 
+-namespace Catch {
+-    void FatalConditionHandler::reset() {}
+-}
+-
+-#  else // CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH is defined
++#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH )
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
++
+     struct SignalDefs { DWORD id; const char* name; };
+ 
+     // There is no 1-1 mapping between signals and windows exceptions.
+     // Windows can easily distinguish between SO and SigSegV,
+     // but SigInt, SigTerm, etc are handled differently.
+     static SignalDefs signalDefs[] = {
+-        { EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION,  "SIGILL - Illegal instruction signal" },
+-        { EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW, "SIGSEGV - Stack overflow" },
+-        { EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION, "SIGSEGV - Segmentation violation signal" },
+-        { EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO, "Divide by zero error" },
++        { static_cast<DWORD>(EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION),  "SIGILL - Illegal instruction signal" },
++        { static_cast<DWORD>(EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW), "SIGSEGV - Stack overflow" },
++        { static_cast<DWORD>(EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION), "SIGSEGV - Segmentation violation signal" },
++        { static_cast<DWORD>(EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO), "Divide by zero error" },
+     };
+ 
+-    LONG CALLBACK FatalConditionHandler::handleVectoredException(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS ExceptionInfo) {
++    static LONG CALLBACK handleVectoredException(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS ExceptionInfo) {
+         for (auto const& def : signalDefs) {
+             if (ExceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode == def.id) {
+                 reportFatal(def.name);
+@@ -6519,49 +10818,48 @@
+         return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
+     }
+ 
++    // Since we do not support multiple instantiations, we put these
++    // into global variables and rely on cleaning them up in outlined
++    // constructors/destructors
++    static PVOID exceptionHandlerHandle = nullptr;
++
++    // For MSVC, we reserve part of the stack memory for handling
++    // memory overflow structured exception.
+     FatalConditionHandler::FatalConditionHandler() {
+-        isSet = true;
+-        // 32k seems enough for Catch to handle stack overflow,
+-        // but the value was found experimentally, so there is no strong guarantee
+-        guaranteeSize = 32 * 1024;
+-        exceptionHandlerHandle = nullptr;
+-        // Register as first handler in current chain
+-        exceptionHandlerHandle = AddVectoredExceptionHandler(1, handleVectoredException);
+-        // Pass in guarantee size to be filled
+-        SetThreadStackGuarantee(&guaranteeSize);
++        ULONG guaranteeSize = static_cast<ULONG>(minStackSizeForErrors);
++        if (!SetThreadStackGuarantee(&guaranteeSize)) {
++            // We do not want to fully error out, because needing
++            // the stack reserve should be rare enough anyway.
++            Catch::cerr()
++                << "Failed to reserve piece of stack."
++                << " Stack overflows will not be reported successfully.";
++        }
+     }
+ 
+-    void FatalConditionHandler::reset() {
+-        if (isSet) {
+-            // Unregister handler and restore the old guarantee
+-            RemoveVectoredExceptionHandler(exceptionHandlerHandle);
+-            SetThreadStackGuarantee(&guaranteeSize);
+-            exceptionHandlerHandle = nullptr;
+-            isSet = false;
++    // We do not attempt to unset the stack guarantee, because
++    // Windows does not support lowering the stack size guarantee.
++    FatalConditionHandler::~FatalConditionHandler() = default;
++
++    void FatalConditionHandler::engage_platform() {
++        // Register as first handler in current chain
++        exceptionHandlerHandle = AddVectoredExceptionHandler(1, handleVectoredException);
++        if (!exceptionHandlerHandle) {
++            CATCH_RUNTIME_ERROR("Could not register vectored exception handler");
+         }
+     }
+ 
+-    FatalConditionHandler::~FatalConditionHandler() {
+-        reset();
++    void FatalConditionHandler::disengage_platform() {
++        if (!RemoveVectoredExceptionHandler(exceptionHandlerHandle)) {
++            CATCH_RUNTIME_ERROR("Could not unregister vectored exception handler");
++        }
++        exceptionHandlerHandle = nullptr;
+     }
+ 
+-bool FatalConditionHandler::isSet = false;
+-ULONG FatalConditionHandler::guaranteeSize = 0;
+-PVOID FatalConditionHandler::exceptionHandlerHandle = nullptr;
+-
+-} // namespace Catch
+-
+-#  endif // CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+-
+-#else // Not Windows - assumed to be POSIX compatible //////////////////////////
+-
+-#  if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS)
++} // end namespace Catch
+ 
+-namespace Catch {
+-    void FatalConditionHandler::reset() {}
+-}
++#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+ 
+-#  else // CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS is defined
++#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS )
+ 
+ #include <signal.h>
+ 
+@@ -6571,6 +10869,7 @@
+         int id;
+         const char* name;
+     };
++
+     static SignalDefs signalDefs[] = {
+         { SIGINT,  "SIGINT - Terminal interrupt signal" },
+         { SIGILL,  "SIGILL - Illegal instruction signal" },
+@@ -6580,7 +10879,32 @@
+         { SIGABRT, "SIGABRT - Abort (abnormal termination) signal" }
+     };
+ 
+-    void FatalConditionHandler::handleSignal( int sig ) {
++// Older GCCs trigger -Wmissing-field-initializers for T foo = {}
++// which is zero initialization, but not explicit. We want to avoid
++// that.
++#if defined(__GNUC__)
++#    pragma GCC diagnostic push
++#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wmissing-field-initializers"
++#endif
++
++    static char* altStackMem = nullptr;
++    static std::size_t altStackSize = 0;
++    static stack_t oldSigStack{};
++    static struct sigaction oldSigActions[sizeof(signalDefs) / sizeof(SignalDefs)]{};
++
++    static void restorePreviousSignalHandlers() {
++        // We set signal handlers back to the previous ones. Hopefully
++        // nobody overwrote them in the meantime, and doesn't expect
++        // their signal handlers to live past ours given that they
++        // installed them after ours..
++        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(signalDefs) / sizeof(SignalDefs); ++i) {
++            sigaction(signalDefs[i].id, &oldSigActions[i], nullptr);
++        }
++        // Return the old stack
++        sigaltstack(&oldSigStack, nullptr);
++    }
++
++    static void handleSignal( int sig ) {
+         char const * name = "<unknown signal>";
+         for (auto const& def : signalDefs) {
+             if (sig == def.id) {
+@@ -6588,16 +10912,33 @@
+                 break;
+             }
+         }
+-        reset();
+-        reportFatal(name);
++        // We need to restore previous signal handlers and let them do
++        // their thing, so that the users can have the debugger break
++        // when a signal is raised, and so on.
++        restorePreviousSignalHandlers();
++        reportFatal( name );
+         raise( sig );
+     }
+ 
+     FatalConditionHandler::FatalConditionHandler() {
+-        isSet = true;
++        assert(!altStackMem && "Cannot initialize POSIX signal handler when one already exists");
++        if (altStackSize == 0) {
++            altStackSize = std::max(static_cast<size_t>(SIGSTKSZ), minStackSizeForErrors);
++        }
++        altStackMem = new char[altStackSize]();
++    }
++
++    FatalConditionHandler::~FatalConditionHandler() {
++        delete[] altStackMem;
++        // We signal that another instance can be constructed by zeroing
++        // out the pointer.
++        altStackMem = nullptr;
++    }
++
++    void FatalConditionHandler::engage_platform() {
+         stack_t sigStack;
+         sigStack.ss_sp = altStackMem;
+-        sigStack.ss_size = SIGSTKSZ;
++        sigStack.ss_size = altStackSize;
+         sigStack.ss_flags = 0;
+         sigaltstack(&sigStack, &oldSigStack);
+         struct sigaction sa = { };
+@@ -6609,33 +10950,42 @@
+         }
+     }
+ 
+-    FatalConditionHandler::~FatalConditionHandler() {
+-        reset();
+-    }
++#if defined(__GNUC__)
++#    pragma GCC diagnostic pop
++#endif
+ 
+-    void FatalConditionHandler::reset() {
+-        if( isSet ) {
+-            // Set signals back to previous values -- hopefully nobody overwrote them in the meantime
+-            for( std::size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(signalDefs)/sizeof(SignalDefs); ++i ) {
+-                sigaction(signalDefs[i].id, &oldSigActions[i], nullptr);
+-            }
+-            // Return the old stack
+-            sigaltstack(&oldSigStack, nullptr);
+-            isSet = false;
+-        }
++    void FatalConditionHandler::disengage_platform() {
++        restorePreviousSignalHandlers();
+     }
+ 
+-    bool FatalConditionHandler::isSet = false;
+-    struct sigaction FatalConditionHandler::oldSigActions[sizeof(signalDefs)/sizeof(SignalDefs)] = {};
+-    stack_t FatalConditionHandler::oldSigStack = {};
+-    char FatalConditionHandler::altStackMem[SIGSTKSZ] = {};
++} // end namespace Catch
+ 
+-} // namespace Catch
++#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
++// end catch_fatal_condition.cpp
++// start catch_generators.cpp
+ 
+-#  endif // CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
++#include <limits>
++#include <set>
+ 
+-#endif // not Windows
+-// end catch_fatal_condition.cpp
++namespace Catch {
++
++IGeneratorTracker::~IGeneratorTracker() {}
++
++const char* GeneratorException::what() const noexcept {
++    return m_msg;
++}
++
++namespace Generators {
++
++    GeneratorUntypedBase::~GeneratorUntypedBase() {}
++
++    auto acquireGeneratorTracker( StringRef generatorName, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo ) -> IGeneratorTracker& {
++        return getResultCapture().acquireGeneratorTracker( generatorName, lineInfo );
++    }
++
++} // namespace Generators
++} // namespace Catch
++// end catch_generators.cpp
+ // start catch_interfaces_capture.cpp
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+@@ -6664,16 +11014,21 @@
+ // end catch_interfaces_registry_hub.cpp
+ // start catch_interfaces_reporter.cpp
+ 
+-// start catch_reporter_multi.h
++// start catch_reporter_listening.h
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+-    class MultipleReporters : public IStreamingReporter {
++    class ListeningReporter : public IStreamingReporter {
+         using Reporters = std::vector<IStreamingReporterPtr>;
+-        Reporters m_reporters;
++        Reporters m_listeners;
++        IStreamingReporterPtr m_reporter = nullptr;
++        ReporterPreferences m_preferences;
+ 
+     public:
+-        void add( IStreamingReporterPtr&& reporter );
++        ListeningReporter();
++
++        void addListener( IStreamingReporterPtr&& listener );
++        void addReporter( IStreamingReporterPtr&& reporter );
+ 
+     public: // IStreamingReporter
+ 
+@@ -6681,10 +11036,16 @@
+ 
+         void noMatchingTestCases( std::string const& spec ) override;
+ 
++        void reportInvalidArguments(std::string const&arg) override;
++
+         static std::set<Verbosity> getSupportedVerbosities();
+ 
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING)
++        void benchmarkPreparing(std::string const& name) override;
+         void benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& benchmarkInfo ) override;
+-        void benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats const& benchmarkStats ) override;
++        void benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& benchmarkStats ) override;
++        void benchmarkFailed(std::string const&) override;
++#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING
+ 
+         void testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& testRunInfo ) override;
+         void testGroupStarting( GroupInfo const& groupInfo ) override;
+@@ -6706,7 +11067,7 @@
+ 
+ } // end namespace Catch
+ 
+-// end catch_reporter_multi.h
++// end catch_reporter_listening.h
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+     ReporterConfig::ReporterConfig( IConfigPtr const& _fullConfig )
+@@ -6807,27 +11168,6 @@
+     IReporterFactory::~IReporterFactory() = default;
+     IReporterRegistry::~IReporterRegistry() = default;
+ 
+-    void addReporter( IStreamingReporterPtr& existingReporter, IStreamingReporterPtr&& additionalReporter ) {
+-
+-        if( !existingReporter ) {
+-            existingReporter = std::move( additionalReporter );
+-            return;
+-        }
+-
+-        MultipleReporters* multi = nullptr;
+-
+-        if( existingReporter->isMulti() ) {
+-            multi = static_cast<MultipleReporters*>( existingReporter.get() );
+-        }
+-        else {
+-            auto newMulti = std::unique_ptr<MultipleReporters>( new MultipleReporters );
+-            newMulti->add( std::move( existingReporter ) );
+-            multi = newMulti.get();
+-            existingReporter = std::move( newMulti );
+-        }
+-        multi->add( std::move( additionalReporter ) );
+-    }
+-
+ } // end namespace Catch
+ // end catch_interfaces_reporter.cpp
+ // start catch_interfaces_runner.cpp
+@@ -6845,28 +11185,31 @@
+ // end catch_interfaces_testcase.cpp
+ // start catch_leak_detector.cpp
+ 
+-namespace Catch {
+-
+ #ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_CRTDBG
+ #include <crtdbg.h>
+ 
+-	LeakDetector::LeakDetector() {
+-		int flag = _CrtSetDbgFlag(_CRTDBG_REPORT_FLAG);
+-		flag |= _CRTDBG_LEAK_CHECK_DF;
+-		flag |= _CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF;
+-		_CrtSetDbgFlag(flag);
+-		_CrtSetReportMode(_CRT_WARN, _CRTDBG_MODE_FILE | _CRTDBG_MODE_DEBUG);
+-		_CrtSetReportFile(_CRT_WARN, _CRTDBG_FILE_STDERR);
+-		// Change this to leaking allocation's number to break there
+-		_CrtSetBreakAlloc(-1);
+-	}
++namespace Catch {
++
++    LeakDetector::LeakDetector() {
++        int flag = _CrtSetDbgFlag(_CRTDBG_REPORT_FLAG);
++        flag |= _CRTDBG_LEAK_CHECK_DF;
++        flag |= _CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF;
++        _CrtSetDbgFlag(flag);
++        _CrtSetReportMode(_CRT_WARN, _CRTDBG_MODE_FILE | _CRTDBG_MODE_DEBUG);
++        _CrtSetReportFile(_CRT_WARN, _CRTDBG_FILE_STDERR);
++        // Change this to leaking allocation's number to break there
++        _CrtSetBreakAlloc(-1);
++    }
++}
+ 
+ #else
+ 
+-    LeakDetector::LeakDetector(){}
++    Catch::LeakDetector::LeakDetector() {}
+ 
+ #endif
+ 
++Catch::LeakDetector::~LeakDetector() {
++    Catch::cleanUp();
+ }
+ // end catch_leak_detector.cpp
+ // start catch_list.cpp
+@@ -6891,9 +11234,9 @@
+ 
+     std::size_t listTags( Config const& config );
+ 
+-    std::size_t listReporters( Config const& /*config*/ );
++    std::size_t listReporters();
+ 
+-    Option<std::size_t> list( Config const& config );
++    Option<std::size_t> list( std::shared_ptr<Config> const& config );
+ 
+ } // end namespace Catch
+ 
+@@ -6912,12 +11255,11 @@
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+     std::size_t listTests( Config const& config ) {
+-        TestSpec testSpec = config.testSpec();
+-        if( config.testSpec().hasFilters() )
++        TestSpec const& testSpec = config.testSpec();
++        if( config.hasTestFilters() )
+             Catch::cout() << "Matching test cases:\n";
+         else {
+             Catch::cout() << "All available test cases:\n";
+-            testSpec = TestSpecParser( ITagAliasRegistry::get() ).parse( "*" ).testSpec();
+         }
+ 
+         auto matchedTestCases = filterTests( getAllTestCasesSorted( config ), testSpec, config );
+@@ -6939,7 +11281,7 @@
+                 Catch::cout() << Column( testCaseInfo.tagsAsString() ).indent( 6 ) << "\n";
+         }
+ 
+-        if( !config.testSpec().hasFilters() )
++        if( !config.hasTestFilters() )
+             Catch::cout() << pluralise( matchedTestCases.size(), "test case" ) << '\n' << std::endl;
+         else
+             Catch::cout() << pluralise( matchedTestCases.size(), "matching test case" ) << '\n' << std::endl;
+@@ -6947,9 +11289,7 @@
+     }
+ 
+     std::size_t listTestsNamesOnly( Config const& config ) {
+-        TestSpec testSpec = config.testSpec();
+-        if( !config.testSpec().hasFilters() )
+-            testSpec = TestSpecParser( ITagAliasRegistry::get() ).parse( "*" ).testSpec();
++        TestSpec const& testSpec = config.testSpec();
+         std::size_t matchedTests = 0;
+         std::vector<TestCase> matchedTestCases = filterTests( getAllTestCasesSorted( config ), testSpec, config );
+         for( auto const& testCaseInfo : matchedTestCases ) {
+@@ -6971,19 +11311,27 @@
+     }
+ 
+     std::string TagInfo::all() const {
+-        std::string out;
+-        for( auto const& spelling : spellings )
+-            out += "[" + spelling + "]";
++        size_t size = 0;
++        for (auto const& spelling : spellings) {
++            // Add 2 for the brackes
++            size += spelling.size() + 2;
++        }
++
++        std::string out; out.reserve(size);
++        for (auto const& spelling : spellings) {
++            out += '[';
++            out += spelling;
++            out += ']';
++        }
+         return out;
+     }
+ 
+     std::size_t listTags( Config const& config ) {
+-        TestSpec testSpec = config.testSpec();
+-        if( config.testSpec().hasFilters() )
++        TestSpec const& testSpec = config.testSpec();
++        if( config.hasTestFilters() )
+             Catch::cout() << "Tags for matching test cases:\n";
+         else {
+             Catch::cout() << "All available tags:\n";
+-            testSpec = TestSpecParser( ITagAliasRegistry::get() ).parse( "*" ).testSpec();
+         }
+ 
+         std::map<std::string, TagInfo> tagCounts;
+@@ -7000,19 +11348,20 @@
+         }
+ 
+         for( auto const& tagCount : tagCounts ) {
+-            std::ostringstream oss;
+-            oss << "  " << std::setw(2) << tagCount.second.count << "  ";
++            ReusableStringStream rss;
++            rss << "  " << std::setw(2) << tagCount.second.count << "  ";
++            auto str = rss.str();
+             auto wrapper = Column( tagCount.second.all() )
+                                                     .initialIndent( 0 )
+-                                                    .indent( oss.str().size() )
++                                                    .indent( str.size() )
+                                                     .width( CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH-10 );
+-            Catch::cout() << oss.str() << wrapper << '\n';
++            Catch::cout() << str << wrapper << '\n';
+         }
+         Catch::cout() << pluralise( tagCounts.size(), "tag" ) << '\n' << std::endl;
+         return tagCounts.size();
+     }
+ 
+-    std::size_t listReporters( Config const& /*config*/ ) {
++    std::size_t listReporters() {
+         Catch::cout() << "Available reporters:\n";
+         IReporterRegistry::FactoryMap const& factories = getRegistryHub().getReporterRegistry().getFactories();
+         std::size_t maxNameLen = 0;
+@@ -7034,16 +11383,17 @@
+         return factories.size();
+     }
+ 
+-    Option<std::size_t> list( Config const& config ) {
++    Option<std::size_t> list( std::shared_ptr<Config> const& config ) {
+         Option<std::size_t> listedCount;
+-        if( config.listTests() )
+-            listedCount = listedCount.valueOr(0) + listTests( config );
+-        if( config.listTestNamesOnly() )
+-            listedCount = listedCount.valueOr(0) + listTestsNamesOnly( config );
+-        if( config.listTags() )
+-            listedCount = listedCount.valueOr(0) + listTags( config );
+-        if( config.listReporters() )
+-            listedCount = listedCount.valueOr(0) + listReporters( config );
++        getCurrentMutableContext().setConfig( config );
++        if( config->listTests() )
++            listedCount = listedCount.valueOr(0) + listTests( *config );
++        if( config->listTestNamesOnly() )
++            listedCount = listedCount.valueOr(0) + listTestsNamesOnly( *config );
++        if( config->listTags() )
++            listedCount = listedCount.valueOr(0) + listTags( *config );
++        if( config->listReporters() )
++            listedCount = listedCount.valueOr(0) + listReporters();
+         return listedCount;
+     }
+ 
+@@ -7071,8 +11421,290 @@
+ 
+ } // namespace Catch
+ // end catch_matchers.cpp
++// start catch_matchers_exception.cpp
++
++namespace Catch {
++namespace Matchers {
++namespace Exception {
++
++bool ExceptionMessageMatcher::match(std::exception const& ex) const {
++    return ex.what() == m_message;
++}
++
++std::string ExceptionMessageMatcher::describe() const {
++    return "exception message matches \"" + m_message + "\"";
++}
++
++}
++Exception::ExceptionMessageMatcher Message(std::string const& message) {
++    return Exception::ExceptionMessageMatcher(message);
++}
++
++// namespace Exception
++} // namespace Matchers
++} // namespace Catch
++// end catch_matchers_exception.cpp
++// start catch_matchers_floating.cpp
++
++// start catch_polyfills.hpp
++
++namespace Catch {
++    bool isnan(float f);
++    bool isnan(double d);
++}
++
++// end catch_polyfills.hpp
++// start catch_to_string.hpp
++
++#include <string>
++
++namespace Catch {
++    template <typename T>
++    std::string to_string(T const& t) {
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_TO_STRING)
++        return std::to_string(t);
++#else
++        ReusableStringStream rss;
++        rss << t;
++        return rss.str();
++#endif
++    }
++} // end namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_to_string.hpp
++#include <algorithm>
++#include <cmath>
++#include <cstdlib>
++#include <cstdint>
++#include <cstring>
++#include <sstream>
++#include <type_traits>
++#include <iomanip>
++#include <limits>
++
++namespace Catch {
++namespace {
++
++    int32_t convert(float f) {
++        static_assert(sizeof(float) == sizeof(int32_t), "Important ULP matcher assumption violated");
++        int32_t i;
++        std::memcpy(&i, &f, sizeof(f));
++        return i;
++    }
++
++    int64_t convert(double d) {
++        static_assert(sizeof(double) == sizeof(int64_t), "Important ULP matcher assumption violated");
++        int64_t i;
++        std::memcpy(&i, &d, sizeof(d));
++        return i;
++    }
++
++    template <typename FP>
++    bool almostEqualUlps(FP lhs, FP rhs, uint64_t maxUlpDiff) {
++        // Comparison with NaN should always be false.
++        // This way we can rule it out before getting into the ugly details
++        if (Catch::isnan(lhs) || Catch::isnan(rhs)) {
++            return false;
++        }
++
++        auto lc = convert(lhs);
++        auto rc = convert(rhs);
++
++        if ((lc < 0) != (rc < 0)) {
++            // Potentially we can have +0 and -0
++            return lhs == rhs;
++        }
++
++        // static cast as a workaround for IBM XLC
++        auto ulpDiff = std::abs(static_cast<FP>(lc - rc));
++        return static_cast<uint64_t>(ulpDiff) <= maxUlpDiff;
++    }
++
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_GLOBAL_NEXTAFTER)
++
++    float nextafter(float x, float y) {
++        return ::nextafterf(x, y);
++    }
++
++    double nextafter(double x, double y) {
++        return ::nextafter(x, y);
++    }
++
++#endif // ^^^ CATCH_CONFIG_GLOBAL_NEXTAFTER ^^^
++
++template <typename FP>
++FP step(FP start, FP direction, uint64_t steps) {
++    for (uint64_t i = 0; i < steps; ++i) {
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_GLOBAL_NEXTAFTER)
++        start = Catch::nextafter(start, direction);
++#else
++        start = std::nextafter(start, direction);
++#endif
++    }
++    return start;
++}
++
++// Performs equivalent check of std::fabs(lhs - rhs) <= margin
++// But without the subtraction to allow for INFINITY in comparison
++bool marginComparison(double lhs, double rhs, double margin) {
++    return (lhs + margin >= rhs) && (rhs + margin >= lhs);
++}
++
++template <typename FloatingPoint>
++void write(std::ostream& out, FloatingPoint num) {
++    out << std::scientific
++        << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<FloatingPoint>::max_digits10 - 1)
++        << num;
++}
++
++} // end anonymous namespace
++
++namespace Matchers {
++namespace Floating {
++
++    enum class FloatingPointKind : uint8_t {
++        Float,
++        Double
++    };
++
++    WithinAbsMatcher::WithinAbsMatcher(double target, double margin)
++        :m_target{ target }, m_margin{ margin } {
++        CATCH_ENFORCE(margin >= 0, "Invalid margin: " << margin << '.'
++            << " Margin has to be non-negative.");
++    }
++
++    // Performs equivalent check of std::fabs(lhs - rhs) <= margin
++    // But without the subtraction to allow for INFINITY in comparison
++    bool WithinAbsMatcher::match(double const& matchee) const {
++        return (matchee + m_margin >= m_target) && (m_target + m_margin >= matchee);
++    }
++
++    std::string WithinAbsMatcher::describe() const {
++        return "is within " + ::Catch::Detail::stringify(m_margin) + " of " + ::Catch::Detail::stringify(m_target);
++    }
++
++    WithinUlpsMatcher::WithinUlpsMatcher(double target, uint64_t ulps, FloatingPointKind baseType)
++        :m_target{ target }, m_ulps{ ulps }, m_type{ baseType } {
++        CATCH_ENFORCE(m_type == FloatingPointKind::Double
++                   || m_ulps < (std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max)(),
++            "Provided ULP is impossibly large for a float comparison.");
++    }
++
++#if defined(__clang__)
++#pragma clang diagnostic push
++// Clang <3.5 reports on the default branch in the switch below
++#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunreachable-code"
++#endif
++
++    bool WithinUlpsMatcher::match(double const& matchee) const {
++        switch (m_type) {
++        case FloatingPointKind::Float:
++            return almostEqualUlps<float>(static_cast<float>(matchee), static_cast<float>(m_target), m_ulps);
++        case FloatingPointKind::Double:
++            return almostEqualUlps<double>(matchee, m_target, m_ulps);
++        default:
++            CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR( "Unknown FloatingPointKind value" );
++        }
++    }
++
++#if defined(__clang__)
++#pragma clang diagnostic pop
++#endif
++
++    std::string WithinUlpsMatcher::describe() const {
++        std::stringstream ret;
++
++        ret << "is within " << m_ulps << " ULPs of ";
++
++        if (m_type == FloatingPointKind::Float) {
++            write(ret, static_cast<float>(m_target));
++            ret << 'f';
++        } else {
++            write(ret, m_target);
++        }
++
++        ret << " ([";
++        if (m_type == FloatingPointKind::Double) {
++            write(ret, step(m_target, static_cast<double>(-INFINITY), m_ulps));
++            ret << ", ";
++            write(ret, step(m_target, static_cast<double>( INFINITY), m_ulps));
++        } else {
++            // We have to cast INFINITY to float because of MinGW, see #1782
++            write(ret, step(static_cast<float>(m_target), static_cast<float>(-INFINITY), m_ulps));
++            ret << ", ";
++            write(ret, step(static_cast<float>(m_target), static_cast<float>( INFINITY), m_ulps));
++        }
++        ret << "])";
++
++        return ret.str();
++    }
++
++    WithinRelMatcher::WithinRelMatcher(double target, double epsilon):
++        m_target(target),
++        m_epsilon(epsilon){
++        CATCH_ENFORCE(m_epsilon >= 0., "Relative comparison with epsilon <  0 does not make sense.");
++        CATCH_ENFORCE(m_epsilon  < 1., "Relative comparison with epsilon >= 1 does not make sense.");
++    }
++
++    bool WithinRelMatcher::match(double const& matchee) const {
++        const auto relMargin = m_epsilon * (std::max)(std::fabs(matchee), std::fabs(m_target));
++        return marginComparison(matchee, m_target,
++                                std::isinf(relMargin)? 0 : relMargin);
++    }
++
++    std::string WithinRelMatcher::describe() const {
++        Catch::ReusableStringStream sstr;
++        sstr << "and " << m_target << " are within " << m_epsilon * 100. << "% of each other";
++        return sstr.str();
++    }
++
++}// namespace Floating
++
++Floating::WithinUlpsMatcher WithinULP(double target, uint64_t maxUlpDiff) {
++    return Floating::WithinUlpsMatcher(target, maxUlpDiff, Floating::FloatingPointKind::Double);
++}
++
++Floating::WithinUlpsMatcher WithinULP(float target, uint64_t maxUlpDiff) {
++    return Floating::WithinUlpsMatcher(target, maxUlpDiff, Floating::FloatingPointKind::Float);
++}
++
++Floating::WithinAbsMatcher WithinAbs(double target, double margin) {
++    return Floating::WithinAbsMatcher(target, margin);
++}
++
++Floating::WithinRelMatcher WithinRel(double target, double eps) {
++    return Floating::WithinRelMatcher(target, eps);
++}
++
++Floating::WithinRelMatcher WithinRel(double target) {
++    return Floating::WithinRelMatcher(target, std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon() * 100);
++}
++
++Floating::WithinRelMatcher WithinRel(float target, float eps) {
++    return Floating::WithinRelMatcher(target, eps);
++}
++
++Floating::WithinRelMatcher WithinRel(float target) {
++    return Floating::WithinRelMatcher(target, std::numeric_limits<float>::epsilon() * 100);
++}
++
++} // namespace Matchers
++} // namespace Catch
++// end catch_matchers_floating.cpp
++// start catch_matchers_generic.cpp
++
++std::string Catch::Matchers::Generic::Detail::finalizeDescription(const std::string& desc) {
++    if (desc.empty()) {
++        return "matches undescribed predicate";
++    } else {
++        return "matches predicate: \"" + desc + '"';
++    }
++}
++// end catch_matchers_generic.cpp
+ // start catch_matchers_string.cpp
+ 
++#include <regex>
++
+ namespace Catch {
+ namespace Matchers {
+ 
+@@ -7134,6 +11766,21 @@
+             return endsWith( m_comparator.adjustString( source ), m_comparator.m_str );
+         }
+ 
++        RegexMatcher::RegexMatcher(std::string regex, CaseSensitive::Choice caseSensitivity): m_regex(std::move(regex)), m_caseSensitivity(caseSensitivity) {}
++
++        bool RegexMatcher::match(std::string const& matchee) const {
++            auto flags = std::regex::ECMAScript; // ECMAScript is the default syntax option anyway
++            if (m_caseSensitivity == CaseSensitive::Choice::No) {
++                flags |= std::regex::icase;
++            }
++            auto reg = std::regex(m_regex, flags);
++            return std::regex_match(matchee, reg);
++        }
++
++        std::string RegexMatcher::describe() const {
++            return "matches " + ::Catch::Detail::stringify(m_regex) + ((m_caseSensitivity == CaseSensitive::Choice::Yes)? " case sensitively" : " case insensitively");
++        }
++
+     } // namespace StdString
+ 
+     StdString::EqualsMatcher Equals( std::string const& str, CaseSensitive::Choice caseSensitivity ) {
+@@ -7149,14 +11796,28 @@
+         return StdString::StartsWithMatcher( StdString::CasedString( str, caseSensitivity) );
+     }
+ 
++    StdString::RegexMatcher Matches(std::string const& regex, CaseSensitive::Choice caseSensitivity) {
++        return StdString::RegexMatcher(regex, caseSensitivity);
++    }
++
+ } // namespace Matchers
+ } // namespace Catch
+ // end catch_matchers_string.cpp
+ // start catch_message.cpp
+ 
++// start catch_uncaught_exceptions.h
++
+ namespace Catch {
++    bool uncaught_exceptions();
++} // end namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_uncaught_exceptions.h
++#include <cassert>
++#include <stack>
+ 
+-    MessageInfo::MessageInfo(   std::string const& _macroName,
++namespace Catch {
++
++    MessageInfo::MessageInfo(   StringRef const& _macroName,
+                                 SourceLineInfo const& _lineInfo,
+                                 ResultWas::OfType _type )
+     :   macroName( _macroName ),
+@@ -7178,7 +11839,7 @@
+ 
+     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+ 
+-    Catch::MessageBuilder::MessageBuilder( std::string const& macroName,
++    Catch::MessageBuilder::MessageBuilder( StringRef const& macroName,
+                                            SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo,
+                                            ResultWas::OfType type )
+         :m_info(macroName, lineInfo, type) {}
+@@ -7186,72 +11847,428 @@
+     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+ 
+     ScopedMessage::ScopedMessage( MessageBuilder const& builder )
+-    : m_info( builder.m_info )
++    : m_info( builder.m_info ), m_moved()
+     {
+         m_info.message = builder.m_stream.str();
+         getResultCapture().pushScopedMessage( m_info );
+     }
+ 
++    ScopedMessage::ScopedMessage( ScopedMessage&& old )
++    : m_info( old.m_info ), m_moved()
++    {
++        old.m_moved = true;
++    }
++
+     ScopedMessage::~ScopedMessage() {
+-        if ( !std::uncaught_exception() ){
++        if ( !uncaught_exceptions() && !m_moved ){
+             getResultCapture().popScopedMessage(m_info);
+         }
+     }
+ 
++    Capturer::Capturer( StringRef macroName, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo, ResultWas::OfType resultType, StringRef names ) {
++        auto trimmed = [&] (size_t start, size_t end) {
++            while (names[start] == ',' || isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(names[start]))) {
++                ++start;
++            }
++            while (names[end] == ',' || isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(names[end]))) {
++                --end;
++            }
++            return names.substr(start, end - start + 1);
++        };
++        auto skipq = [&] (size_t start, char quote) {
++            for (auto i = start + 1; i < names.size() ; ++i) {
++                if (names[i] == quote)
++                    return i;
++                if (names[i] == '\\')
++                    ++i;
++            }
++            CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR("CAPTURE parsing encountered unmatched quote");
++        };
++
++        size_t start = 0;
++        std::stack<char> openings;
++        for (size_t pos = 0; pos < names.size(); ++pos) {
++            char c = names[pos];
++            switch (c) {
++            case '[':
++            case '{':
++            case '(':
++            // It is basically impossible to disambiguate between
++            // comparison and start of template args in this context
++//            case '<':
++                openings.push(c);
++                break;
++            case ']':
++            case '}':
++            case ')':
++//           case '>':
++                openings.pop();
++                break;
++            case '"':
++            case '\'':
++                pos = skipq(pos, c);
++                break;
++            case ',':
++                if (start != pos && openings.empty()) {
++                    m_messages.emplace_back(macroName, lineInfo, resultType);
++                    m_messages.back().message = static_cast<std::string>(trimmed(start, pos));
++                    m_messages.back().message += " := ";
++                    start = pos;
++                }
++            }
++        }
++        assert(openings.empty() && "Mismatched openings");
++        m_messages.emplace_back(macroName, lineInfo, resultType);
++        m_messages.back().message = static_cast<std::string>(trimmed(start, names.size() - 1));
++        m_messages.back().message += " := ";
++    }
++    Capturer::~Capturer() {
++        if ( !uncaught_exceptions() ){
++            assert( m_captured == m_messages.size() );
++            for( size_t i = 0; i < m_captured; ++i  )
++                m_resultCapture.popScopedMessage( m_messages[i] );
++        }
++    }
++
++    void Capturer::captureValue( size_t index, std::string const& value ) {
++        assert( index < m_messages.size() );
++        m_messages[index].message += value;
++        m_resultCapture.pushScopedMessage( m_messages[index] );
++        m_captured++;
++    }
++
+ } // end namespace Catch
+ // end catch_message.cpp
+-// start catch_random_number_generator.cpp
++// start catch_output_redirect.cpp
+ 
+-// start catch_random_number_generator.h
++// start catch_output_redirect.h
++#ifndef TWOBLUECUBES_CATCH_OUTPUT_REDIRECT_H
++#define TWOBLUECUBES_CATCH_OUTPUT_REDIRECT_H
+ 
+-#include <algorithm>
++#include <cstdio>
++#include <iosfwd>
++#include <string>
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+-    struct IConfig;
++    class RedirectedStream {
++        std::ostream& m_originalStream;
++        std::ostream& m_redirectionStream;
++        std::streambuf* m_prevBuf;
+ 
+-    void seedRng( IConfig const& config );
++    public:
++        RedirectedStream( std::ostream& originalStream, std::ostream& redirectionStream );
++        ~RedirectedStream();
++    };
+ 
+-    unsigned int rngSeed();
++    class RedirectedStdOut {
++        ReusableStringStream m_rss;
++        RedirectedStream m_cout;
++    public:
++        RedirectedStdOut();
++        auto str() const -> std::string;
++    };
++
++    // StdErr has two constituent streams in C++, std::cerr and std::clog
++    // This means that we need to redirect 2 streams into 1 to keep proper
++    // order of writes
++    class RedirectedStdErr {
++        ReusableStringStream m_rss;
++        RedirectedStream m_cerr;
++        RedirectedStream m_clog;
++    public:
++        RedirectedStdErr();
++        auto str() const -> std::string;
++    };
++
++    class RedirectedStreams {
++    public:
++        RedirectedStreams(RedirectedStreams const&) = delete;
++        RedirectedStreams& operator=(RedirectedStreams const&) = delete;
++        RedirectedStreams(RedirectedStreams&&) = delete;
++        RedirectedStreams& operator=(RedirectedStreams&&) = delete;
+ 
+-    struct RandomNumberGenerator {
+-        using result_type = unsigned int;
++        RedirectedStreams(std::string& redirectedCout, std::string& redirectedCerr);
++        ~RedirectedStreams();
++    private:
++        std::string& m_redirectedCout;
++        std::string& m_redirectedCerr;
++        RedirectedStdOut m_redirectedStdOut;
++        RedirectedStdErr m_redirectedStdErr;
++    };
+ 
+-        static constexpr result_type (min)() { return 0; }
+-        static constexpr result_type (max)() { return 1000000; }
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NEW_CAPTURE)
++
++    // Windows's implementation of std::tmpfile is terrible (it tries
++    // to create a file inside system folder, thus requiring elevated
++    // privileges for the binary), so we have to use tmpnam(_s) and
++    // create the file ourselves there.
++    class TempFile {
++    public:
++        TempFile(TempFile const&) = delete;
++        TempFile& operator=(TempFile const&) = delete;
++        TempFile(TempFile&&) = delete;
++        TempFile& operator=(TempFile&&) = delete;
+ 
+-        result_type operator()( result_type n ) const;
+-        result_type operator()() const;
++        TempFile();
++        ~TempFile();
+ 
+-        template<typename V>
+-        static void shuffle( V& vector ) {
+-            RandomNumberGenerator rng;
+-            std::shuffle( vector.begin(), vector.end(), rng );
+-        }
++        std::FILE* getFile();
++        std::string getContents();
++
++    private:
++        std::FILE* m_file = nullptr;
++    #if defined(_MSC_VER)
++        char m_buffer[L_tmpnam] = { 0 };
++    #endif
+     };
+ 
+-}
++    class OutputRedirect {
++    public:
++        OutputRedirect(OutputRedirect const&) = delete;
++        OutputRedirect& operator=(OutputRedirect const&) = delete;
++        OutputRedirect(OutputRedirect&&) = delete;
++        OutputRedirect& operator=(OutputRedirect&&) = delete;
+ 
+-// end catch_random_number_generator.h
+-#include <cstdlib>
++        OutputRedirect(std::string& stdout_dest, std::string& stderr_dest);
++        ~OutputRedirect();
++
++    private:
++        int m_originalStdout = -1;
++        int m_originalStderr = -1;
++        TempFile m_stdoutFile;
++        TempFile m_stderrFile;
++        std::string& m_stdoutDest;
++        std::string& m_stderrDest;
++    };
++
++#endif
++
++} // end namespace Catch
++
++#endif // TWOBLUECUBES_CATCH_OUTPUT_REDIRECT_H
++// end catch_output_redirect.h
++#include <cstdio>
++#include <cstring>
++#include <fstream>
++#include <sstream>
++#include <stdexcept>
++
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NEW_CAPTURE)
++    #if defined(_MSC_VER)
++    #include <io.h>      //_dup and _dup2
++    #define dup _dup
++    #define dup2 _dup2
++    #define fileno _fileno
++    #else
++    #include <unistd.h>  // dup and dup2
++    #endif
++#endif
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+-    void seedRng( IConfig const& config ) {
+-        if( config.rngSeed() != 0 )
+-            std::srand( config.rngSeed() );
++    RedirectedStream::RedirectedStream( std::ostream& originalStream, std::ostream& redirectionStream )
++    :   m_originalStream( originalStream ),
++        m_redirectionStream( redirectionStream ),
++        m_prevBuf( m_originalStream.rdbuf() )
++    {
++        m_originalStream.rdbuf( m_redirectionStream.rdbuf() );
+     }
+-    unsigned int rngSeed() {
+-        return getCurrentContext().getConfig()->rngSeed();
++
++    RedirectedStream::~RedirectedStream() {
++        m_originalStream.rdbuf( m_prevBuf );
++    }
++
++    RedirectedStdOut::RedirectedStdOut() : m_cout( Catch::cout(), m_rss.get() ) {}
++    auto RedirectedStdOut::str() const -> std::string { return m_rss.str(); }
++
++    RedirectedStdErr::RedirectedStdErr()
++    :   m_cerr( Catch::cerr(), m_rss.get() ),
++        m_clog( Catch::clog(), m_rss.get() )
++    {}
++    auto RedirectedStdErr::str() const -> std::string { return m_rss.str(); }
++
++    RedirectedStreams::RedirectedStreams(std::string& redirectedCout, std::string& redirectedCerr)
++    :   m_redirectedCout(redirectedCout),
++        m_redirectedCerr(redirectedCerr)
++    {}
++
++    RedirectedStreams::~RedirectedStreams() {
++        m_redirectedCout += m_redirectedStdOut.str();
++        m_redirectedCerr += m_redirectedStdErr.str();
++    }
++
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NEW_CAPTURE)
++
++#if defined(_MSC_VER)
++    TempFile::TempFile() {
++        if (tmpnam_s(m_buffer)) {
++            CATCH_RUNTIME_ERROR("Could not get a temp filename");
++        }
++        if (fopen_s(&m_file, m_buffer, "w+")) {
++            char buffer[100];
++            if (strerror_s(buffer, errno)) {
++                CATCH_RUNTIME_ERROR("Could not translate errno to a string");
++            }
++            CATCH_RUNTIME_ERROR("Could not open the temp file: '" << m_buffer << "' because: " << buffer);
++        }
++    }
++#else
++    TempFile::TempFile() {
++        m_file = std::tmpfile();
++        if (!m_file) {
++            CATCH_RUNTIME_ERROR("Could not create a temp file.");
++        }
++    }
++
++#endif
++
++    TempFile::~TempFile() {
++         // TBD: What to do about errors here?
++         std::fclose(m_file);
++         // We manually create the file on Windows only, on Linux
++         // it will be autodeleted
++#if defined(_MSC_VER)
++         std::remove(m_buffer);
++#endif
++    }
++
++    FILE* TempFile::getFile() {
++        return m_file;
++    }
++
++    std::string TempFile::getContents() {
++        std::stringstream sstr;
++        char buffer[100] = {};
++        std::rewind(m_file);
++        while (std::fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), m_file)) {
++            sstr << buffer;
++        }
++        return sstr.str();
++    }
++
++    OutputRedirect::OutputRedirect(std::string& stdout_dest, std::string& stderr_dest) :
++        m_originalStdout(dup(1)),
++        m_originalStderr(dup(2)),
++        m_stdoutDest(stdout_dest),
++        m_stderrDest(stderr_dest) {
++        dup2(fileno(m_stdoutFile.getFile()), 1);
++        dup2(fileno(m_stderrFile.getFile()), 2);
++    }
++
++    OutputRedirect::~OutputRedirect() {
++        Catch::cout() << std::flush;
++        fflush(stdout);
++        // Since we support overriding these streams, we flush cerr
++        // even though std::cerr is unbuffered
++        Catch::cerr() << std::flush;
++        Catch::clog() << std::flush;
++        fflush(stderr);
++
++        dup2(m_originalStdout, 1);
++        dup2(m_originalStderr, 2);
++
++        m_stdoutDest += m_stdoutFile.getContents();
++        m_stderrDest += m_stderrFile.getContents();
++    }
++
++#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_NEW_CAPTURE
++
++} // namespace Catch
++
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NEW_CAPTURE)
++    #if defined(_MSC_VER)
++    #undef dup
++    #undef dup2
++    #undef fileno
++    #endif
++#endif
++// end catch_output_redirect.cpp
++// start catch_polyfills.cpp
++
++#include <cmath>
++
++namespace Catch {
++
++#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_POLYFILL_ISNAN)
++    bool isnan(float f) {
++        return std::isnan(f);
++    }
++    bool isnan(double d) {
++        return std::isnan(d);
++    }
++#else
++    // For now we only use this for embarcadero
++    bool isnan(float f) {
++        return std::_isnan(f);
++    }
++    bool isnan(double d) {
++        return std::_isnan(d);
++    }
++#endif
++
++} // end namespace Catch
++// end catch_polyfills.cpp
++// start catch_random_number_generator.cpp
++
++namespace Catch {
++
++namespace {
++
++#if defined(_MSC_VER)
++#pragma warning(push)
++#pragma warning(disable:4146) // we negate uint32 during the rotate
++#endif
++        // Safe rotr implementation thanks to John Regehr
++        uint32_t rotate_right(uint32_t val, uint32_t count) {
++            const uint32_t mask = 31;
++            count &= mask;
++            return (val >> count) | (val << (-count & mask));
++        }
++
++#if defined(_MSC_VER)
++#pragma warning(pop)
++#endif
++
++}
++
++    SimplePcg32::SimplePcg32(result_type seed_) {
++        seed(seed_);
++    }
++
++    void SimplePcg32::seed(result_type seed_) {
++        m_state = 0;
++        (*this)();
++        m_state += seed_;
++        (*this)();
+     }
+ 
+-    RandomNumberGenerator::result_type RandomNumberGenerator::operator()( result_type n ) const {
+-        return std::rand() % n;
++    void SimplePcg32::discard(uint64_t skip) {
++        // We could implement this to run in O(log n) steps, but this
++        // should suffice for our use case.
++        for (uint64_t s = 0; s < skip; ++s) {
++            static_cast<void>((*this)());
++        }
+     }
+-    RandomNumberGenerator::result_type RandomNumberGenerator::operator()() const {
+-        return std::rand() % (max)();
++
++    SimplePcg32::result_type SimplePcg32::operator()() {
++        // prepare the output value
++        const uint32_t xorshifted = static_cast<uint32_t>(((m_state >> 18u) ^ m_state) >> 27u);
++        const auto output = rotate_right(xorshifted, m_state >> 59u);
++
++        // advance state
++        m_state = m_state * 6364136223846793005ULL + s_inc;
++
++        return output;
+     }
+ 
++    bool operator==(SimplePcg32 const& lhs, SimplePcg32 const& rhs) {
++        return lhs.m_state == rhs.m_state;
++    }
++
++    bool operator!=(SimplePcg32 const& lhs, SimplePcg32 const& rhs) {
++        return lhs.m_state != rhs.m_state;
++    }
+ }
+ // end catch_random_number_generator.cpp
+ // start catch_registry_hub.cpp
+@@ -7269,6 +12286,8 @@
+     struct IConfig;
+ 
+     std::vector<TestCase> sortTests( IConfig const& config, std::vector<TestCase> const& unsortedTestCases );
++
++    bool isThrowSafe( TestCase const& testCase, IConfig const& config );
+     bool matchTest( TestCase const& testCase, TestSpec const& testSpec, IConfig const& config );
+ 
+     void enforceNoDuplicateTestCases( std::vector<TestCase> const& functions );
+@@ -7303,7 +12322,7 @@
+         void invoke() const override;
+     };
+ 
+-    std::string extractClassName( std::string const& classOrQualifiedMethodName );
++    std::string extractClassName( StringRef const& classOrQualifiedMethodName );
+ 
+     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+ 
+@@ -7381,16 +12400,53 @@
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+     class StartupExceptionRegistry {
++#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+     public:
+         void add(std::exception_ptr const& exception) noexcept;
+         std::vector<std::exception_ptr> const& getExceptions() const noexcept;
+     private:
+         std::vector<std::exception_ptr> m_exceptions;
++#endif
+     };
+ 
+ } // end namespace Catch
+ 
+ // end catch_startup_exception_registry.h
++// start catch_singletons.hpp
++
++namespace Catch {
++
++    struct ISingleton {
++        virtual ~ISingleton();
++    };
++
++    void addSingleton( ISingleton* singleton );
++    void cleanupSingletons();
++
++    template<typename SingletonImplT, typename InterfaceT = SingletonImplT, typename MutableInterfaceT = InterfaceT>
++    class Singleton : SingletonImplT, public ISingleton {
++
++        static auto getInternal() -> Singleton* {
++            static Singleton* s_instance = nullptr;
++            if( !s_instance ) {
++                s_instance = new Singleton;
++                addSingleton( s_instance );
++            }
++            return s_instance;
++        }
++
++    public:
++        static auto get() -> InterfaceT const& {
++            return *getInternal();
++        }
++        static auto getMutable() -> MutableInterfaceT& {
++            return *getInternal();
++        }
++    };
++
++} // namespace Catch
++
++// end catch_singletons.hpp
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+     namespace {
+@@ -7406,7 +12462,7 @@
+             ITestCaseRegistry const& getTestCaseRegistry() const override {
+                 return m_testCaseRegistry;
+             }
+-            IExceptionTranslatorRegistry& getExceptionTranslatorRegistry() override {
++            IExceptionTranslatorRegistry const& getExceptionTranslatorRegistry() const override {
+                 return m_exceptionTranslatorRegistry;
+             }
+             ITagAliasRegistry const& getTagAliasRegistry() const override {
+@@ -7433,7 +12489,14 @@
+                 m_tagAliasRegistry.add( alias, tag, lineInfo );
+             }
+             void registerStartupException() noexcept override {
++#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+                 m_exceptionRegistry.add(std::current_exception());
++#else
++                CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR("Attempted to register active exception under CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS!");
++#endif
++            }
++            IMutableEnumValuesRegistry& getMutableEnumValuesRegistry() override {
++                return m_enumValuesRegistry;
+             }
+ 
+         private:
+@@ -7442,26 +12505,20 @@
+             ExceptionTranslatorRegistry m_exceptionTranslatorRegistry;
+             TagAliasRegistry m_tagAliasRegistry;
+             StartupExceptionRegistry m_exceptionRegistry;
++            Detail::EnumValuesRegistry m_enumValuesRegistry;
+         };
+-
+-        // Single, global, instance
+-        RegistryHub*& getTheRegistryHub() {
+-            static RegistryHub* theRegistryHub = nullptr;
+-            if( !theRegistryHub )
+-                theRegistryHub = new RegistryHub();
+-            return theRegistryHub;
+-        }
+     }
+ 
+-    IRegistryHub& getRegistryHub() {
+-        return *getTheRegistryHub();
++    using RegistryHubSingleton = Singleton<RegistryHub, IRegistryHub, IMutableRegistryHub>;
++
++    IRegistryHub const& getRegistryHub() {
++        return RegistryHubSingleton::get();
+     }
+     IMutableRegistryHub& getMutableRegistryHub() {
+-        return *getTheRegistryHub();
++        return RegistryHubSingleton::getMutable();
+     }
+     void cleanUp() {
+-        delete getTheRegistryHub();
+-        getTheRegistryHub() = nullptr;
++        cleanupSingletons();
+         cleanUpContext();
+     }
+     std::string translateActiveException() {
+@@ -7515,164 +12572,146 @@
+     }
+ 
+     bool shouldContinueOnFailure( int flags )    { return ( flags & ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure ) != 0; }
+-    bool isFalseTest( int flags )                { return ( flags & ResultDisposition::FalseTest ) != 0; }
+     bool shouldSuppressFailure( int flags )      { return ( flags & ResultDisposition::SuppressFail ) != 0; }
+ 
+ } // end namespace Catch
+ // end catch_result_type.cpp
+ // start catch_run_context.cpp
+-// start catch_run_context.h
+ 
+-#include <string>
++#include <cassert>
++#include <algorithm>
++#include <sstream>
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+-    struct IMutableContext;
+-
+-    class StreamRedirect {
++    namespace Generators {
++        struct GeneratorTracker : TestCaseTracking::TrackerBase, IGeneratorTracker {
++            GeneratorBasePtr m_generator;
+ 
+-    public:
+-        StreamRedirect(std::ostream& stream, std::string& targetString);
+-
+-        ~StreamRedirect();
+-
+-    private:
+-        std::ostream& m_stream;
+-        std::streambuf* m_prevBuf;
+-        std::ostringstream m_oss;
+-        std::string& m_targetString;
+-    };
+-
+-    // StdErr has two constituent streams in C++, std::cerr and std::clog
+-    // This means that we need to redirect 2 streams into 1 to keep proper
+-    // order of writes and cannot use StreamRedirect on its own
+-    class StdErrRedirect {
+-    public:
+-        StdErrRedirect(std::string& targetString);
+-        ~StdErrRedirect();
+-    private:
+-        std::streambuf* m_cerrBuf;
+-        std::streambuf* m_clogBuf;
+-        std::ostringstream m_oss;
+-        std::string& m_targetString;
+-    };
+-
+-    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+-
+-    class RunContext : public IResultCapture, public IRunner {
+-
+-    public:
+-        RunContext( RunContext const& ) = delete;
+-        RunContext& operator =( RunContext const& ) = delete;
+-
+-        explicit RunContext(IConfigPtr const& _config, IStreamingReporterPtr&& reporter);
+-
+-        virtual ~RunContext();
+-
+-        void testGroupStarting(std::string const& testSpec, std::size_t groupIndex, std::size_t groupsCount);
+-        void testGroupEnded(std::string const& testSpec, Totals const& totals, std::size_t groupIndex, std::size_t groupsCount);
+-
+-        Totals runTest(TestCase const& testCase);
+-
+-        IConfigPtr config() const;
+-        IStreamingReporter& reporter() const;
+-
+-    private: // IResultCapture
+-
+-        void assertionStarting(AssertionInfo const& info) override;
+-        void assertionEnded(AssertionResult const& result) override;
+-
+-        bool sectionStarted( SectionInfo const& sectionInfo, Counts& assertions ) override;
+-        bool testForMissingAssertions(Counts& assertions);
+-
+-        void sectionEnded(SectionEndInfo const& endInfo) override;
+-        void sectionEndedEarly(SectionEndInfo const& endInfo) override;
+-
+-        void benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& info ) override;
+-        void benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats const& stats ) override;
+-
+-        void pushScopedMessage(MessageInfo const& message) override;
+-        void popScopedMessage(MessageInfo const& message) override;
+-
+-        std::string getCurrentTestName() const override;
+-
+-        const AssertionResult* getLastResult() const override;
+-
+-        void exceptionEarlyReported() override;
+-
+-        void handleFatalErrorCondition( StringRef message ) override;
+-
+-        bool lastAssertionPassed() override;
+-
+-        void assertionPassed() override;
+-
+-        void assertionRun() override;
+-
+-    public:
+-        // !TBD We need to do this another way!
+-        bool aborting() const override;
+-
+-    private:
+-
+-        void runCurrentTest(std::string& redirectedCout, std::string& redirectedCerr);
+-        void invokeActiveTestCase();
+-
+-    private:
+-
+-        void handleUnfinishedSections();
+-
+-        TestRunInfo m_runInfo;
+-        IMutableContext& m_context;
+-        TestCase const* m_activeTestCase = nullptr;
+-        ITracker* m_testCaseTracker;
+-        Option<AssertionResult> m_lastResult;
++            GeneratorTracker( TestCaseTracking::NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation, TrackerContext& ctx, ITracker* parent )
++            :   TrackerBase( nameAndLocation, ctx, parent )
++            {}
++            ~GeneratorTracker();
+ 
+-        IConfigPtr m_config;
+-        Totals m_totals;
+-        IStreamingReporterPtr m_reporter;
+-        std::vector<MessageInfo> m_messages;
+-        AssertionInfo m_lastAssertionInfo;
+-        std::vector<SectionEndInfo> m_unfinishedSections;
+-        std::vector<ITracker*> m_activeSections;
+-        TrackerContext m_trackerContext;
+-        std::size_t m_prevPassed = 0;
+-        bool m_shouldReportUnexpected = true;
+-    };
++            static GeneratorTracker& acquire( TrackerContext& ctx, TestCaseTracking::NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation ) {
++                std::shared_ptr<GeneratorTracker> tracker;
+ 
+-    IResultCapture& getResultCapture();
++                ITracker& currentTracker = ctx.currentTracker();
++                // Under specific circumstances, the generator we want
++                // to acquire is also the current tracker. If this is
++                // the case, we have to avoid looking through current
++                // tracker's children, and instead return the current
++                // tracker.
++                // A case where this check is important is e.g.
++                //     for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
++                //         int n = GENERATE(1, 2);
++                //     }
++                //
++                // without it, the code above creates 5 nested generators.
++                if (currentTracker.nameAndLocation() == nameAndLocation) {
++                    auto thisTracker = currentTracker.parent().findChild(nameAndLocation);
++                    assert(thisTracker);
++                    assert(thisTracker->isGeneratorTracker());
++                    tracker = std::static_pointer_cast<GeneratorTracker>(thisTracker);
++                } else if ( TestCaseTracking::ITrackerPtr childTracker = currentTracker.findChild( nameAndLocation ) ) {
++                    assert( childTracker );
++                    assert( childTracker->isGeneratorTracker() );
++                    tracker = std::static_pointer_cast<GeneratorTracker>( childTracker );
++                } else {
++                    tracker = std::make_shared<GeneratorTracker>( nameAndLocation, ctx, &currentTracker );
++                    currentTracker.addChild( tracker );
++                }
+ 
+-} // end namespace Catch
++                if( !tracker->isComplete() ) {
++                    tracker->open();
++                }
+ 
+-// end catch_run_context.h
++                return *tracker;
++            }
+ 
+-#include <cassert>
+-#include <algorithm>
++            // TrackerBase interface
++            bool isGeneratorTracker() const override { return true; }
++            auto hasGenerator() const -> bool override {
++                return !!m_generator;
++            }
++            void close() override {
++                TrackerBase::close();
++                // If a generator has a child (it is followed by a section)
++                // and none of its children have started, then we must wait
++                // until later to start consuming its values.
++                // This catches cases where `GENERATE` is placed between two
++                // `SECTION`s.
++                // **The check for m_children.empty cannot be removed**.
++                // doing so would break `GENERATE` _not_ followed by `SECTION`s.
++                const bool should_wait_for_child = [&]() {
++                    // No children -> nobody to wait for
++                    if ( m_children.empty() ) {
++                        return false;
++                    }
++                    // If at least one child started executing, don't wait
++                    if ( std::find_if(
++                             m_children.begin(),
++                             m_children.end(),
++                             []( TestCaseTracking::ITrackerPtr tracker ) {
++                                 return tracker->hasStarted();
++                             } ) != m_children.end() ) {
++                        return false;
++                    }
+ 
+-namespace Catch {
++                    // No children have started. We need to check if they _can_
++                    // start, and thus we should wait for them, or they cannot
++                    // start (due to filters), and we shouldn't wait for them
++                    auto* parent = m_parent;
++                    // This is safe: there is always at least one section
++                    // tracker in a test case tracking tree
++                    while ( !parent->isSectionTracker() ) {
++                        parent = &( parent->parent() );
++                    }
++                    assert( parent &&
++                            "Missing root (test case) level section" );
+ 
+-    StreamRedirect::StreamRedirect(std::ostream& stream, std::string& targetString)
+-        : m_stream(stream),
+-        m_prevBuf(stream.rdbuf()),
+-        m_targetString(targetString) {
+-        stream.rdbuf(m_oss.rdbuf());
+-    }
++                    auto const& parentSection =
++                        static_cast<SectionTracker&>( *parent );
++                    auto const& filters = parentSection.getFilters();
++                    // No filters -> no restrictions on running sections
++                    if ( filters.empty() ) {
++                        return true;
++                    }
+ 
+-    StreamRedirect::~StreamRedirect() {
+-        m_targetString += m_oss.str();
+-        m_stream.rdbuf(m_prevBuf);
+-    }
++                    for ( auto const& child : m_children ) {
++                        if ( child->isSectionTracker() &&
++                             std::find( filters.begin(),
++                                        filters.end(),
++                                        static_cast<SectionTracker&>( *child )
++                                            .trimmedName() ) !=
++                                 filters.end() ) {
++                            return true;
++                        }
++                    }
++                    return false;
++                }();
+ 
+-    StdErrRedirect::StdErrRedirect(std::string & targetString)
+-        :m_cerrBuf(cerr().rdbuf()), m_clogBuf(clog().rdbuf()),
+-        m_targetString(targetString) {
+-        cerr().rdbuf(m_oss.rdbuf());
+-        clog().rdbuf(m_oss.rdbuf());
+-    }
++                // This check is a bit tricky, because m_generator->next()
++                // has a side-effect, where it consumes generator's current
++                // value, but we do not want to invoke the side-effect if
++                // this generator is still waiting for any child to start.
++                if ( should_wait_for_child ||
++                     ( m_runState == CompletedSuccessfully &&
++                       m_generator->next() ) ) {
++                    m_children.clear();
++                    m_runState = Executing;
++                }
++            }
+ 
+-    StdErrRedirect::~StdErrRedirect() {
+-        m_targetString += m_oss.str();
+-        cerr().rdbuf(m_cerrBuf);
+-        clog().rdbuf(m_clogBuf);
++            // IGeneratorTracker interface
++            auto getGenerator() const -> GeneratorBasePtr const& override {
++                return m_generator;
++            }
++            void setGenerator( GeneratorBasePtr&& generator ) override {
++                m_generator = std::move( generator );
++            }
++        };
++        GeneratorTracker::~GeneratorTracker() {}
+     }
+ 
+     RunContext::RunContext(IConfigPtr const& _config, IStreamingReporterPtr&& reporter)
+@@ -7680,7 +12719,8 @@
+         m_context(getCurrentMutableContext()),
+         m_config(_config),
+         m_reporter(std::move(reporter)),
+-        m_lastAssertionInfo{ "", SourceLineInfo("",0), "", ResultDisposition::Normal }
++        m_lastAssertionInfo{ StringRef(), SourceLineInfo("",0), StringRef(), ResultDisposition::Normal },
++        m_includeSuccessfulResults( m_config->includeSuccessfulResults() || m_reporter->getPreferences().shouldReportAllAssertions )
+     {
+         m_context.setRunner(this);
+         m_context.setConfig(m_config);
+@@ -7706,7 +12746,7 @@
+         std::string redirectedCout;
+         std::string redirectedCerr;
+ 
+-        TestCaseInfo testInfo = testCase.getTestCaseInfo();
++        auto const& testInfo = testCase.getTestCaseInfo();
+ 
+         m_reporter->testCaseStarting(testInfo);
+ 
+@@ -7748,27 +12788,36 @@
+         return *m_reporter;
+     }
+ 
+-    void RunContext::assertionStarting(AssertionInfo const& info) {
+-        m_reporter->assertionStarting( info );
+-    }
+     void RunContext::assertionEnded(AssertionResult const & result) {
+         if (result.getResultType() == ResultWas::Ok) {
+             m_totals.assertions.passed++;
++            m_lastAssertionPassed = true;
+         } else if (!result.isOk()) {
++            m_lastAssertionPassed = false;
+             if( m_activeTestCase->getTestCaseInfo().okToFail() )
+                 m_totals.assertions.failedButOk++;
+             else
+                 m_totals.assertions.failed++;
+         }
++        else {
++            m_lastAssertionPassed = true;
++        }
+ 
+         // We have no use for the return value (whether messages should be cleared), because messages were made scoped
+         // and should be let to clear themselves out.
+         static_cast<void>(m_reporter->assertionEnded(AssertionStats(result, m_messages, m_totals)));
+ 
++        if (result.getResultType() != ResultWas::Warning)
++            m_messageScopes.clear();
++
+         // Reset working state
+-        m_lastAssertionInfo = { "", m_lastAssertionInfo.lineInfo, "{Unknown expression after the reported line}", m_lastAssertionInfo.resultDisposition };
++        resetAssertionInfo();
+         m_lastResult = result;
+     }
++    void RunContext::resetAssertionInfo() {
++        m_lastAssertionInfo.macroName = StringRef();
++        m_lastAssertionInfo.capturedExpression = "{Unknown expression after the reported line}"_sr;
++    }
+ 
+     bool RunContext::sectionStarted(SectionInfo const & sectionInfo, Counts & assertions) {
+         ITracker& sectionTracker = SectionTracker::acquire(m_trackerContext, TestCaseTracking::NameAndLocation(sectionInfo.name, sectionInfo.lineInfo));
+@@ -7784,6 +12833,13 @@
+ 
+         return true;
+     }
++    auto RunContext::acquireGeneratorTracker( StringRef generatorName, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo ) -> IGeneratorTracker& {
++        using namespace Generators;
++        GeneratorTracker& tracker = GeneratorTracker::acquire(m_trackerContext,
++                                                              TestCaseTracking::NameAndLocation( static_cast<std::string>(generatorName), lineInfo ) );
++        m_lastAssertionInfo.lineInfo = lineInfo;
++        return tracker;
++    }
+ 
+     bool RunContext::testForMissingAssertions(Counts& assertions) {
+         if (assertions.total() != 0)
+@@ -7808,6 +12864,7 @@
+ 
+         m_reporter->sectionEnded(SectionStats(endInfo.sectionInfo, assertions, endInfo.durationInSeconds, missingAssertions));
+         m_messages.clear();
++        m_messageScopes.clear();
+     }
+ 
+     void RunContext::sectionEndedEarly(SectionEndInfo const & endInfo) {
+@@ -7819,12 +12876,21 @@
+ 
+         m_unfinishedSections.push_back(endInfo);
+     }
++
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING)
++    void RunContext::benchmarkPreparing(std::string const& name) {
++        m_reporter->benchmarkPreparing(name);
++    }
+     void RunContext::benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& info ) {
+         m_reporter->benchmarkStarting( info );
+     }
+-    void RunContext::benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats const& stats ) {
++    void RunContext::benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& stats ) {
+         m_reporter->benchmarkEnded( stats );
+     }
++    void RunContext::benchmarkFailed(std::string const & error) {
++        m_reporter->benchmarkFailed(error);
++    }
++#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING
+ 
+     void RunContext::pushScopedMessage(MessageInfo const & message) {
+         m_messages.push_back(message);
+@@ -7834,6 +12900,10 @@
+         m_messages.erase(std::remove(m_messages.begin(), m_messages.end(), message), m_messages.end());
+     }
+ 
++    void RunContext::emplaceUnscopedMessage( MessageBuilder const& builder ) {
++        m_messageScopes.emplace_back( builder );
++    }
++
+     std::string RunContext::getCurrentTestName() const {
+         return m_activeTestCase
+             ? m_activeTestCase->getTestCaseInfo().name
+@@ -7855,16 +12925,16 @@
+         // Don't rebuild the result -- the stringification itself can cause more fatal errors
+         // Instead, fake a result data.
+         AssertionResultData tempResult( ResultWas::FatalErrorCondition, { false } );
+-        tempResult.message = message;
++        tempResult.message = static_cast<std::string>(message);
+         AssertionResult result(m_lastAssertionInfo, tempResult);
+ 
+-        getResultCapture().assertionEnded(result);
++        assertionEnded(result);
+ 
+         handleUnfinishedSections();
+ 
+         // Recreate section for test case (as we will lose the one that was in scope)
+         auto const& testCaseInfo = m_activeTestCase->getTestCaseInfo();
+-        SectionInfo testCaseSection(testCaseInfo.lineInfo, testCaseInfo.name, testCaseInfo.description);
++        SectionInfo testCaseSection(testCaseInfo.lineInfo, testCaseInfo.name);
+ 
+         Counts assertions;
+         assertions.failed = 1;
+@@ -7887,72 +12957,74 @@
+     }
+ 
+     bool RunContext::lastAssertionPassed() {
+-         return m_totals.assertions.passed == (m_prevPassed + 1);
++         return m_lastAssertionPassed;
+     }
+ 
+     void RunContext::assertionPassed() {
++        m_lastAssertionPassed = true;
+         ++m_totals.assertions.passed;
+-        m_lastAssertionInfo.capturedExpression = "{Unknown expression after the reported line}";
+-        m_lastAssertionInfo.macroName = "";
+-    }
+-
+-    void RunContext::assertionRun() {
+-        m_prevPassed = m_totals.assertions.passed;
++        resetAssertionInfo();
++        m_messageScopes.clear();
+     }
+ 
+     bool RunContext::aborting() const {
+-        return m_totals.assertions.failed == static_cast<std::size_t>(m_config->abortAfter());
++        return m_totals.assertions.failed >= static_cast<std::size_t>(m_config->abortAfter());
+     }
+ 
+     void RunContext::runCurrentTest(std::string & redirectedCout, std::string & redirectedCerr) {
+         auto const& testCaseInfo = m_activeTestCase->getTestCaseInfo();
+-        SectionInfo testCaseSection(testCaseInfo.lineInfo, testCaseInfo.name, testCaseInfo.description);
++        SectionInfo testCaseSection(testCaseInfo.lineInfo, testCaseInfo.name);
+         m_reporter->sectionStarting(testCaseSection);
+         Counts prevAssertions = m_totals.assertions;
+         double duration = 0;
+         m_shouldReportUnexpected = true;
+-        try {
+-            m_lastAssertionInfo = { "TEST_CASE", testCaseInfo.lineInfo, "", ResultDisposition::Normal };
++        m_lastAssertionInfo = { "TEST_CASE"_sr, testCaseInfo.lineInfo, StringRef(), ResultDisposition::Normal };
+ 
+-            seedRng(*m_config);
++        seedRng(*m_config);
+ 
+-            Timer timer;
+-            timer.start();
++        Timer timer;
++        CATCH_TRY {
+             if (m_reporter->getPreferences().shouldRedirectStdOut) {
+-                StreamRedirect coutRedir(cout(), redirectedCout);
+-                StdErrRedirect errRedir(redirectedCerr);
++#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL_REDIRECT)
++                RedirectedStreams redirectedStreams(redirectedCout, redirectedCerr);
++
++                timer.start();
++                invokeActiveTestCase();
++#else
++                OutputRedirect r(redirectedCout, redirectedCerr);
++                timer.start();
+                 invokeActiveTestCase();
++#endif
+             } else {
++                timer.start();
+                 invokeActiveTestCase();
+             }
+             duration = timer.getElapsedSeconds();
+-        } catch (TestFailureException&) {
++        } CATCH_CATCH_ANON (TestFailureException&) {
+             // This just means the test was aborted due to failure
+-        } catch (...) {
++        } CATCH_CATCH_ALL {
+             // Under CATCH_CONFIG_FAST_COMPILE, unexpected exceptions under REQUIRE assertions
+             // are reported without translation at the point of origin.
+-            if (m_shouldReportUnexpected) {
+-                AssertionHandler
+-                    ( m_lastAssertionInfo.macroName,
+-                      m_lastAssertionInfo.lineInfo,
+-                      m_lastAssertionInfo.capturedExpression,
+-                      m_lastAssertionInfo.resultDisposition ).useActiveException();
++            if( m_shouldReportUnexpected ) {
++                AssertionReaction dummyReaction;
++                handleUnexpectedInflightException( m_lastAssertionInfo, translateActiveException(), dummyReaction );
+             }
+         }
++        Counts assertions = m_totals.assertions - prevAssertions;
++        bool missingAssertions = testForMissingAssertions(assertions);
++
+         m_testCaseTracker->close();
+         handleUnfinishedSections();
+         m_messages.clear();
++        m_messageScopes.clear();
+ 
+-        Counts assertions = m_totals.assertions - prevAssertions;
+-        bool missingAssertions = testForMissingAssertions(assertions);
+         SectionStats testCaseSectionStats(testCaseSection, assertions, duration, missingAssertions);
+         m_reporter->sectionEnded(testCaseSectionStats);
+     }
+ 
+     void RunContext::invokeActiveTestCase() {
+-        FatalConditionHandler fatalConditionHandler; // Handle signals
++        FatalConditionHandlerGuard _(&m_fatalConditionhandler);
+         m_activeTestCase->invoke();
+-        fatalConditionHandler.reset();
+     }
+ 
+     void RunContext::handleUnfinishedSections() {
+@@ -7966,12 +13038,130 @@
+         m_unfinishedSections.clear();
+     }
+ 
++    void RunContext::handleExpr(
++        AssertionInfo const& info,
++        ITransientExpression const& expr,
++        AssertionReaction& reaction
++    ) {
++        m_reporter->assertionStarting( info );
++
++        bool negated = isFalseTest( info.resultDisposition );
++        bool result = expr.getResult() != negated;
++
++        if( result ) {
++            if (!m_includeSuccessfulResults) {
++                assertionPassed();
++            }
++            else {
++                reportExpr(info, ResultWas::Ok, &expr, negated);
++            }
++        }
++        else {
++            reportExpr(info, ResultWas::ExpressionFailed, &expr, negated );
++            populateReaction( reaction );
++        }
++    }
++    void RunContext::reportExpr(
++            AssertionInfo const &info,
++            ResultWas::OfType resultType,
++            ITransientExpression const *expr,
++            bool negated ) {
++
++        m_lastAssertionInfo = info;
++        AssertionResultData data( resultType, LazyExpression( negated ) );
++
++        AssertionResult assertionResult{ info, data };
++        assertionResult.m_resultData.lazyExpression.m_transientExpression = expr;
++
++        assertionEnded( assertionResult );
++    }
++
++    void RunContext::handleMessage(
++            AssertionInfo const& info,
++            ResultWas::OfType resultType,
++            StringRef const& message,
++            AssertionReaction& reaction
++    ) {
++        m_reporter->assertionStarting( info );
++
++        m_lastAssertionInfo = info;
++
++        AssertionResultData data( resultType, LazyExpression( false ) );
++        data.message = static_cast<std::string>(message);
++        AssertionResult assertionResult{ m_lastAssertionInfo, data };
++        assertionEnded( assertionResult );
++        if( !assertionResult.isOk() )
++            populateReaction( reaction );
++    }
++    void RunContext::handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown(
++            AssertionInfo const& info,
++            AssertionReaction& reaction
++    ) {
++        handleNonExpr(info, Catch::ResultWas::DidntThrowException, reaction);
++    }
++
++    void RunContext::handleUnexpectedInflightException(
++            AssertionInfo const& info,
++            std::string const& message,
++            AssertionReaction& reaction
++    ) {
++        m_lastAssertionInfo = info;
++
++        AssertionResultData data( ResultWas::ThrewException, LazyExpression( false ) );
++        data.message = message;
++        AssertionResult assertionResult{ info, data };
++        assertionEnded( assertionResult );
++        populateReaction( reaction );
++    }
++
++    void RunContext::populateReaction( AssertionReaction& reaction ) {
++        reaction.shouldDebugBreak = m_config->shouldDebugBreak();
++        reaction.shouldThrow = aborting() || (m_lastAssertionInfo.resultDisposition & ResultDisposition::Normal);
++    }
++
++    void RunContext::handleIncomplete(
++            AssertionInfo const& info
++    ) {
++        m_lastAssertionInfo = info;
++
++        AssertionResultData data( ResultWas::ThrewException, LazyExpression( false ) );
++        data.message = "Exception translation was disabled by CATCH_CONFIG_FAST_COMPILE";
++        AssertionResult assertionResult{ info, data };
++        assertionEnded( assertionResult );
++    }
++    void RunContext::handleNonExpr(
++            AssertionInfo const &info,
++            ResultWas::OfType resultType,
++            AssertionReaction &reaction
++    ) {
++        m_lastAssertionInfo = info;
++
++        AssertionResultData data( resultType, LazyExpression( false ) );
++        AssertionResult assertionResult{ info, data };
++        assertionEnded( assertionResult );
++
++        if( !assertionResult.isOk() )
++            populateReaction( reaction );
++    }
++
+     IResultCapture& getResultCapture() {
+         if (auto* capture = getCurrentContext().getResultCapture())
+             return *capture;
+         else
+             CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR("No result capture instance");
+     }
++
++    void seedRng(IConfig const& config) {
++        if (config.rngSeed() != 0) {
++            std::srand(config.rngSeed());
++            rng().seed(config.rngSeed());
++        }
++    }
++
++    unsigned int rngSeed() {
++        return getCurrentContext().getConfig()->rngSeed();
++    }
++
+ }
+ // end catch_run_context.cpp
+ // start catch_section.cpp
+@@ -7985,22 +13175,15 @@
+         m_timer.start();
+     }
+ 
+-#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+-#pragma warning(push)
+-#pragma warning(disable:4996) // std::uncaught_exception is deprecated in C++17
+-#endif
+     Section::~Section() {
+         if( m_sectionIncluded ) {
+-            SectionEndInfo endInfo( m_info, m_assertions, m_timer.getElapsedSeconds() );
+-            if( std::uncaught_exception() )
++            SectionEndInfo endInfo{ m_info, m_assertions, m_timer.getElapsedSeconds() };
++            if( uncaught_exceptions() )
+                 getResultCapture().sectionEndedEarly( endInfo );
+             else
+                 getResultCapture().sectionEnded( endInfo );
+         }
+     }
+-#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+-#pragma warning(pop)
+-#endif
+ 
+     // This indicates whether the section should be executed or not
+     Section::operator bool() const {
+@@ -8015,17 +13198,11 @@
+ 
+     SectionInfo::SectionInfo
+         (   SourceLineInfo const& _lineInfo,
+-            std::string const& _name,
+-            std::string const& _description )
++            std::string const& _name )
+     :   name( _name ),
+-        description( _description ),
+         lineInfo( _lineInfo )
+     {}
+ 
+-    SectionEndInfo::SectionEndInfo( SectionInfo const& _sectionInfo, Counts const& _prevAssertions, double _durationInSeconds )
+-    : sectionInfo( _sectionInfo ), prevAssertions( _prevAssertions ), durationInSeconds( _durationInSeconds )
+-    {}
+-
+ } // end namespace Catch
+ // end catch_section_info.cpp
+ // start catch_session.cpp
+@@ -8045,14 +13222,23 @@
+         void showHelp() const;
+         void libIdentify();
+ 
+-        int applyCommandLine( int argc, char* argv[] );
++        int applyCommandLine( int argc, char const * const * argv );
++    #if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR) && defined(_WIN32) && defined(UNICODE)
++        int applyCommandLine( int argc, wchar_t const * const * argv );
++    #endif
+ 
+         void useConfigData( ConfigData const& configData );
+ 
+-        int run( int argc, char* argv[] );
+-    #if defined(WIN32) && defined(UNICODE)
+-        int run( int argc, wchar_t* const argv[] );
+-    #endif
++        template<typename CharT>
++        int run(int argc, CharT const * const argv[]) {
++            if (m_startupExceptions)
++                return 1;
++            int returnCode = applyCommandLine(argc, argv);
++            if (returnCode == 0)
++                returnCode = run();
++            return returnCode;
++        }
++
+         int run();
+ 
+         clara::Parser const& cli() const;
+@@ -8104,109 +13290,138 @@
+ // end catch_version.h
+ #include <cstdlib>
+ #include <iomanip>
++#include <set>
++#include <iterator>
+ 
+-namespace {
+-    const int MaxExitCode = 255;
+-    using Catch::IStreamingReporterPtr;
+-    using Catch::IConfigPtr;
+-    using Catch::Config;
+-
+-    IStreamingReporterPtr createReporter(std::string const& reporterName, IConfigPtr const& config) {
+-        auto reporter = Catch::getRegistryHub().getReporterRegistry().create(reporterName, config);
+-        CATCH_ENFORCE(reporter, "No reporter registered with name: '" << reporterName << "'");
++namespace Catch {
+ 
+-        return reporter;
+-    }
++    namespace {
++        const int MaxExitCode = 255;
+ 
+-#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_DEFAULT_REPORTER
+-#define CATCH_CONFIG_DEFAULT_REPORTER "console"
+-#endif
++        IStreamingReporterPtr createReporter(std::string const& reporterName, IConfigPtr const& config) {
++            auto reporter = Catch::getRegistryHub().getReporterRegistry().create(reporterName, config);
++            CATCH_ENFORCE(reporter, "No reporter registered with name: '" << reporterName << "'");
+ 
+-    IStreamingReporterPtr makeReporter(std::shared_ptr<Config> const& config) {
+-        auto const& reporterNames = config->getReporterNames();
+-        if (reporterNames.empty())
+-            return createReporter(CATCH_CONFIG_DEFAULT_REPORTER, config);
+-
+-        IStreamingReporterPtr reporter;
+-        for (auto const& name : reporterNames)
+-            addReporter(reporter, createReporter(name, config));
+-        return reporter;
+-    }
++            return reporter;
++        }
+ 
+-#undef CATCH_CONFIG_DEFAULT_REPORTER
++        IStreamingReporterPtr makeReporter(std::shared_ptr<Config> const& config) {
++            if (Catch::getRegistryHub().getReporterRegistry().getListeners().empty()) {
++                return createReporter(config->getReporterName(), config);
++            }
+ 
+-    void addListeners(IStreamingReporterPtr& reporters, IConfigPtr const& config) {
+-        auto const& listeners = Catch::getRegistryHub().getReporterRegistry().getListeners();
+-        for (auto const& listener : listeners)
+-            addReporter(reporters, listener->create(Catch::ReporterConfig(config)));
+-    }
++            // On older platforms, returning std::unique_ptr<ListeningReporter>
++            // when the return type is std::unique_ptr<IStreamingReporter>
++            // doesn't compile without a std::move call. However, this causes
++            // a warning on newer platforms. Thus, we have to work around
++            // it a bit and downcast the pointer manually.
++            auto ret = std::unique_ptr<IStreamingReporter>(new ListeningReporter);
++            auto& multi = static_cast<ListeningReporter&>(*ret);
++            auto const& listeners = Catch::getRegistryHub().getReporterRegistry().getListeners();
++            for (auto const& listener : listeners) {
++                multi.addListener(listener->create(Catch::ReporterConfig(config)));
++            }
++            multi.addReporter(createReporter(config->getReporterName(), config));
++            return ret;
++        }
++
++        class TestGroup {
++        public:
++            explicit TestGroup(std::shared_ptr<Config> const& config)
++            : m_config{config}
++            , m_context{config, makeReporter(config)}
++            {
++                auto const& allTestCases = getAllTestCasesSorted(*m_config);
++                m_matches = m_config->testSpec().matchesByFilter(allTestCases, *m_config);
++                auto const& invalidArgs = m_config->testSpec().getInvalidArgs();
++
++                if (m_matches.empty() && invalidArgs.empty()) {
++                    for (auto const& test : allTestCases)
++                        if (!test.isHidden())
++                            m_tests.emplace(&test);
++                } else {
++                    for (auto const& match : m_matches)
++                        m_tests.insert(match.tests.begin(), match.tests.end());
++                }
++            }
+ 
+-    Catch::Totals runTests(std::shared_ptr<Config> const& config) {
+-        using namespace Catch;
+-        IStreamingReporterPtr reporter = makeReporter(config);
+-        addListeners(reporter, config);
++            Totals execute() {
++                auto const& invalidArgs = m_config->testSpec().getInvalidArgs();
++                Totals totals;
++                m_context.testGroupStarting(m_config->name(), 1, 1);
++                for (auto const& testCase : m_tests) {
++                    if (!m_context.aborting())
++                        totals += m_context.runTest(*testCase);
++                    else
++                        m_context.reporter().skipTest(*testCase);
++                }
+ 
+-        RunContext context(config, std::move(reporter));
++                for (auto const& match : m_matches) {
++                    if (match.tests.empty()) {
++                        m_context.reporter().noMatchingTestCases(match.name);
++                        totals.error = -1;
++                    }
++                }
+ 
+-        Totals totals;
++                if (!invalidArgs.empty()) {
++                    for (auto const& invalidArg: invalidArgs)
++                         m_context.reporter().reportInvalidArguments(invalidArg);
++                }
+ 
+-        context.testGroupStarting(config->name(), 1, 1);
++                m_context.testGroupEnded(m_config->name(), totals, 1, 1);
++                return totals;
++            }
+ 
+-        TestSpec testSpec = config->testSpec();
+-        if (!testSpec.hasFilters())
+-            testSpec = TestSpecParser(ITagAliasRegistry::get()).parse("~[.]").testSpec(); // All not hidden tests
+-
+-        auto const& allTestCases = getAllTestCasesSorted(*config);
+-        for (auto const& testCase : allTestCases) {
+-            if (!context.aborting() && matchTest(testCase, testSpec, *config))
+-                totals += context.runTest(testCase);
+-            else
+-                context.reporter().skipTest(testCase);
+-        }
++        private:
++            using Tests = std::set<TestCase const*>;
+ 
+-        context.testGroupEnded(config->name(), totals, 1, 1);
+-        return totals;
+-    }
++            std::shared_ptr<Config> m_config;
++            RunContext m_context;
++            Tests m_tests;
++            TestSpec::Matches m_matches;
++        };
+ 
+-    void applyFilenamesAsTags(Catch::IConfig const& config) {
+-        using namespace Catch;
+-        auto& tests = const_cast<std::vector<TestCase>&>(getAllTestCasesSorted(config));
+-        for (auto& testCase : tests) {
+-            auto tags = testCase.tags;
++        void applyFilenamesAsTags(Catch::IConfig const& config) {
++            auto& tests = const_cast<std::vector<TestCase>&>(getAllTestCasesSorted(config));
++            for (auto& testCase : tests) {
++                auto tags = testCase.tags;
++
++                std::string filename = testCase.lineInfo.file;
++                auto lastSlash = filename.find_last_of("\\/");
++                if (lastSlash != std::string::npos) {
++                    filename.erase(0, lastSlash);
++                    filename[0] = '#';
++                }
+ 
+-            std::string filename = testCase.lineInfo.file;
+-            auto lastSlash = filename.find_last_of("\\/");
+-            if (lastSlash != std::string::npos) {
+-                filename.erase(0, lastSlash);
+-                filename[0] = '#';
+-            }
++                auto lastDot = filename.find_last_of('.');
++                if (lastDot != std::string::npos) {
++                    filename.erase(lastDot);
++                }
+ 
+-            auto lastDot = filename.find_last_of('.');
+-            if (lastDot != std::string::npos) {
+-                filename.erase(lastDot);
++                tags.push_back(std::move(filename));
++                setTags(testCase, tags);
+             }
+-
+-            tags.push_back(std::move(filename));
+-            setTags(testCase, tags);
+         }
+-    }
+-
+-}
+ 
+-namespace Catch {
++    } // anon namespace
+ 
+     Session::Session() {
+         static bool alreadyInstantiated = false;
+         if( alreadyInstantiated ) {
+-            try         { CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR( "Only one instance of Catch::Session can ever be used" ); }
+-            catch(...)  { getMutableRegistryHub().registerStartupException(); }
++            CATCH_TRY { CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR( "Only one instance of Catch::Session can ever be used" ); }
++            CATCH_CATCH_ALL { getMutableRegistryHub().registerStartupException(); }
+         }
+ 
++        // There cannot be exceptions at startup in no-exception mode.
++#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+         const auto& exceptions = getRegistryHub().getStartupExceptionRegistry().getExceptions();
+         if ( !exceptions.empty() ) {
++            config();
++            getCurrentMutableContext().setConfig(m_config);
++
+             m_startupExceptions = true;
+             Colour colourGuard( Colour::Red );
+-            Catch::cerr() << "Errors occured during startup!" << '\n';
++            Catch::cerr() << "Errors occurred during startup!" << '\n';
+             // iterate over all exceptions and notify user
+             for ( const auto& ex_ptr : exceptions ) {
+                 try {
+@@ -8216,6 +13431,7 @@
+                 }
+             }
+         }
++#endif
+ 
+         alreadyInstantiated = true;
+         m_cli = makeCommandLineParser( m_configData );
+@@ -8232,18 +13448,20 @@
+     }
+     void Session::libIdentify() {
+         Catch::cout()
+-                << std::left << std::setw(16) << "description: " << "A Catch test executable\n"
++                << std::left << std::setw(16) << "description: " << "A Catch2 test executable\n"
+                 << std::left << std::setw(16) << "category: " << "testframework\n"
+                 << std::left << std::setw(16) << "framework: " << "Catch Test\n"
+                 << std::left << std::setw(16) << "version: " << libraryVersion() << std::endl;
+     }
+ 
+-    int Session::applyCommandLine( int argc, char* argv[] ) {
++    int Session::applyCommandLine( int argc, char const * const * argv ) {
+         if( m_startupExceptions )
+             return 1;
+ 
+         auto result = m_cli.parse( clara::Args( argc, argv ) );
+         if( !result ) {
++            config();
++            getCurrentMutableContext().setConfig(m_config);
+             Catch::cerr()
+                 << Colour( Colour::Red )
+                 << "\nError(s) in input:\n"
+@@ -8261,34 +13479,20 @@
+         return 0;
+     }
+ 
+-    void Session::useConfigData( ConfigData const& configData ) {
+-        m_configData = configData;
+-        m_config.reset();
+-    }
+-
+-    int Session::run( int argc, char* argv[] ) {
+-        if( m_startupExceptions )
+-            return 1;
+-        int returnCode = applyCommandLine( argc, argv );
+-        if( returnCode == 0 )
+-            returnCode = run();
+-        return returnCode;
+-    }
+-
+-#if defined(WIN32) && defined(UNICODE)
+-    int Session::run( int argc, wchar_t* const argv[] ) {
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR) && defined(_WIN32) && defined(UNICODE)
++    int Session::applyCommandLine( int argc, wchar_t const * const * argv ) {
+ 
+         char **utf8Argv = new char *[ argc ];
+ 
+         for ( int i = 0; i < argc; ++i ) {
+-            int bufSize = WideCharToMultiByte( CP_UTF8, 0, argv[i], -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL );
++            int bufSize = WideCharToMultiByte( CP_UTF8, 0, argv[i], -1, nullptr, 0, nullptr, nullptr );
+ 
+             utf8Argv[ i ] = new char[ bufSize ];
+ 
+-            WideCharToMultiByte( CP_UTF8, 0, argv[i], -1, utf8Argv[i], bufSize, NULL, NULL );
++            WideCharToMultiByte( CP_UTF8, 0, argv[i], -1, utf8Argv[i], bufSize, nullptr, nullptr );
+         }
+ 
+-        int returnCode = run( argc, utf8Argv );
++        int returnCode = applyCommandLine( argc, utf8Argv );
+ 
+         for ( int i = 0; i < argc; ++i )
+             delete [] utf8Argv[ i ];
+@@ -8298,6 +13502,12 @@
+         return returnCode;
+     }
+ #endif
++
++    void Session::useConfigData( ConfigData const& configData ) {
++        m_configData = configData;
++        m_config.reset();
++    }
++
+     int Session::run() {
+         if( ( m_configData.waitForKeypress & WaitForKeypress::BeforeStart ) != 0 ) {
+             Catch::cout() << "...waiting for enter/ return before starting" << std::endl;
+@@ -8330,11 +13540,11 @@
+         if( m_startupExceptions )
+             return 1;
+ 
+-        if( m_configData.showHelp || m_configData.libIdentify )
++        if (m_configData.showHelp || m_configData.libIdentify) {
+             return 0;
++        }
+ 
+-        try
+-        {
++        CATCH_TRY {
+             config(); // Force config to be constructed
+ 
+             seedRng( *m_config );
+@@ -8343,27 +13553,68 @@
+                 applyFilenamesAsTags( *m_config );
+ 
+             // Handle list request
+-            if( Option<std::size_t> listed = list( config() ) )
++            if( Option<std::size_t> listed = list( m_config ) )
+                 return static_cast<int>( *listed );
+ 
+-            return (std::min)( MaxExitCode, static_cast<int>( runTests( m_config ).assertions.failed ) );
++            TestGroup tests { m_config };
++            auto const totals = tests.execute();
++
++            if( m_config->warnAboutNoTests() && totals.error == -1 )
++                return 2;
++
++            // Note that on unices only the lower 8 bits are usually used, clamping
++            // the return value to 255 prevents false negative when some multiple
++            // of 256 tests has failed
++            return (std::min) (MaxExitCode, (std::max) (totals.error, static_cast<int>(totals.assertions.failed)));
+         }
++#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+         catch( std::exception& ex ) {
+             Catch::cerr() << ex.what() << std::endl;
+             return MaxExitCode;
+         }
++#endif
+     }
+ 
+ } // end namespace Catch
+ // end catch_session.cpp
++// start catch_singletons.cpp
++
++#include <vector>
++
++namespace Catch {
++
++    namespace {
++        static auto getSingletons() -> std::vector<ISingleton*>*& {
++            static std::vector<ISingleton*>* g_singletons = nullptr;
++            if( !g_singletons )
++                g_singletons = new std::vector<ISingleton*>();
++            return g_singletons;
++        }
++    }
++
++    ISingleton::~ISingleton() {}
++
++    void addSingleton(ISingleton* singleton ) {
++        getSingletons()->push_back( singleton );
++    }
++    void cleanupSingletons() {
++        auto& singletons = getSingletons();
++        for( auto singleton : *singletons )
++            delete singleton;
++        delete singletons;
++        singletons = nullptr;
++    }
++
++} // namespace Catch
++// end catch_singletons.cpp
+ // start catch_startup_exception_registry.cpp
+ 
++#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+ namespace Catch {
+-    void StartupExceptionRegistry::add( std::exception_ptr const& exception ) noexcept {
+-        try {
++void StartupExceptionRegistry::add( std::exception_ptr const& exception ) noexcept {
++        CATCH_TRY {
+             m_exceptions.push_back(exception);
+-        }
+-        catch(...) {
++        } CATCH_CATCH_ALL {
+             // If we run out of memory during start-up there's really not a lot more we can do about it
+             std::terminate();
+         }
+@@ -8374,118 +13625,195 @@
+     }
+ 
+ } // end namespace Catch
++#endif
+ // end catch_startup_exception_registry.cpp
+ // start catch_stream.cpp
+ 
+-#include <stdexcept>
+ #include <cstdio>
+ #include <iostream>
++#include <fstream>
++#include <sstream>
++#include <vector>
++#include <memory>
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+-    template<typename WriterF, std::size_t bufferSize=256>
+-    class StreamBufImpl : public StreamBufBase {
+-        char data[bufferSize];
+-        WriterF m_writer;
++    Catch::IStream::~IStream() = default;
+ 
+-    public:
+-        StreamBufImpl() {
+-            setp( data, data + sizeof(data) );
+-        }
++    namespace Detail { namespace {
++        template<typename WriterF, std::size_t bufferSize=256>
++        class StreamBufImpl : public std::streambuf {
++            char data[bufferSize];
++            WriterF m_writer;
+ 
+-        ~StreamBufImpl() noexcept {
+-            StreamBufImpl::sync();
+-        }
++        public:
++            StreamBufImpl() {
++                setp( data, data + sizeof(data) );
++            }
+ 
+-    private:
+-        int overflow( int c ) override {
+-            sync();
++            ~StreamBufImpl() noexcept {
++                StreamBufImpl::sync();
++            }
+ 
+-            if( c != EOF ) {
+-                if( pbase() == epptr() )
+-                    m_writer( std::string( 1, static_cast<char>( c ) ) );
+-                else
+-                    sputc( static_cast<char>( c ) );
++        private:
++            int overflow( int c ) override {
++                sync();
++
++                if( c != EOF ) {
++                    if( pbase() == epptr() )
++                        m_writer( std::string( 1, static_cast<char>( c ) ) );
++                    else
++                        sputc( static_cast<char>( c ) );
++                }
++                return 0;
+             }
+-            return 0;
+-        }
+ 
+-        int sync() override {
+-            if( pbase() != pptr() ) {
+-                m_writer( std::string( pbase(), static_cast<std::string::size_type>( pptr() - pbase() ) ) );
+-                setp( pbase(), epptr() );
++            int sync() override {
++                if( pbase() != pptr() ) {
++                    m_writer( std::string( pbase(), static_cast<std::string::size_type>( pptr() - pbase() ) ) );
++                    setp( pbase(), epptr() );
++                }
++                return 0;
+             }
+-            return 0;
+-        }
+-    };
++        };
+ 
+-    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
++        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+ 
+-    Catch::IStream::~IStream() = default;
++        struct OutputDebugWriter {
+ 
+-    FileStream::FileStream( std::string const& filename ) {
+-        m_ofs.open( filename.c_str() );
+-        CATCH_ENFORCE( !m_ofs.fail(), "Unable to open file: '" << filename << "'" );
+-    }
++            void operator()( std::string const&str ) {
++                writeToDebugConsole( str );
++            }
++        };
++
++        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
++
++        class FileStream : public IStream {
++            mutable std::ofstream m_ofs;
++        public:
++            FileStream( StringRef filename ) {
++                m_ofs.open( filename.c_str() );
++                CATCH_ENFORCE( !m_ofs.fail(), "Unable to open file: '" << filename << "'" );
++            }
++            ~FileStream() override = default;
++        public: // IStream
++            std::ostream& stream() const override {
++                return m_ofs;
++            }
++        };
++
++        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
++
++        class CoutStream : public IStream {
++            mutable std::ostream m_os;
++        public:
++            // Store the streambuf from cout up-front because
++            // cout may get redirected when running tests
++            CoutStream() : m_os( Catch::cout().rdbuf() ) {}
++            ~CoutStream() override = default;
+ 
+-    std::ostream& FileStream::stream() const {
+-        return m_ofs;
++        public: // IStream
++            std::ostream& stream() const override { return m_os; }
++        };
++
++        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
++
++        class DebugOutStream : public IStream {
++            std::unique_ptr<StreamBufImpl<OutputDebugWriter>> m_streamBuf;
++            mutable std::ostream m_os;
++        public:
++            DebugOutStream()
++            :   m_streamBuf( new StreamBufImpl<OutputDebugWriter>() ),
++                m_os( m_streamBuf.get() )
++            {}
++
++            ~DebugOutStream() override = default;
++
++        public: // IStream
++            std::ostream& stream() const override { return m_os; }
++        };
++
++    }} // namespace anon::detail
++
++    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
++
++    auto makeStream( StringRef const &filename ) -> IStream const* {
++        if( filename.empty() )
++            return new Detail::CoutStream();
++        else if( filename[0] == '%' ) {
++            if( filename == "%debug" )
++                return new Detail::DebugOutStream();
++            else
++                CATCH_ERROR( "Unrecognised stream: '" << filename << "'" );
++        }
++        else
++            return new Detail::FileStream( filename );
+     }
+ 
+-    struct OutputDebugWriter {
++    // This class encapsulates the idea of a pool of ostringstreams that can be reused.
++    struct StringStreams {
++        std::vector<std::unique_ptr<std::ostringstream>> m_streams;
++        std::vector<std::size_t> m_unused;
++        std::ostringstream m_referenceStream; // Used for copy state/ flags from
++
++        auto add() -> std::size_t {
++            if( m_unused.empty() ) {
++                m_streams.push_back( std::unique_ptr<std::ostringstream>( new std::ostringstream ) );
++                return m_streams.size()-1;
++            }
++            else {
++                auto index = m_unused.back();
++                m_unused.pop_back();
++                return index;
++            }
++        }
+ 
+-        void operator()( std::string const&str ) {
+-            writeToDebugConsole( str );
++        void release( std::size_t index ) {
++            m_streams[index]->copyfmt( m_referenceStream ); // Restore initial flags and other state
++            m_unused.push_back(index);
+         }
+     };
+ 
+-    DebugOutStream::DebugOutStream()
+-    :   m_streamBuf( new StreamBufImpl<OutputDebugWriter>() ),
+-        m_os( m_streamBuf.get() )
++    ReusableStringStream::ReusableStringStream()
++    :   m_index( Singleton<StringStreams>::getMutable().add() ),
++        m_oss( Singleton<StringStreams>::getMutable().m_streams[m_index].get() )
+     {}
+ 
+-    std::ostream& DebugOutStream::stream() const {
+-        return m_os;
++    ReusableStringStream::~ReusableStringStream() {
++        static_cast<std::ostringstream*>( m_oss )->str("");
++        m_oss->clear();
++        Singleton<StringStreams>::getMutable().release( m_index );
+     }
+ 
+-    // Store the streambuf from cout up-front because
+-    // cout may get redirected when running tests
+-    CoutStream::CoutStream()
+-    :   m_os( Catch::cout().rdbuf() )
+-    {}
+-
+-    std::ostream& CoutStream::stream() const {
+-        return m_os;
++    auto ReusableStringStream::str() const -> std::string {
++        return static_cast<std::ostringstream*>( m_oss )->str();
+     }
+ 
++    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
++
+ #ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_NOSTDOUT // If you #define this you must implement these functions
+-    std::ostream& cout() {
+-        return std::cout;
+-    }
+-    std::ostream& cerr() {
+-        return std::cerr;
+-    }
+-    std::ostream& clog() {
+-        return std::clog;
+-    }
++    std::ostream& cout() { return std::cout; }
++    std::ostream& cerr() { return std::cerr; }
++    std::ostream& clog() { return std::clog; }
+ #endif
+ }
+ // end catch_stream.cpp
+-// start catch_streambuf.cpp
+-
+-namespace Catch {
+-    StreamBufBase::~StreamBufBase() = default;
+-}
+-// end catch_streambuf.cpp
+ // start catch_string_manip.cpp
+ 
+ #include <algorithm>
+ #include <ostream>
+ #include <cstring>
+ #include <cctype>
++#include <vector>
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
++    namespace {
++        char toLowerCh(char c) {
++            return static_cast<char>( std::tolower( static_cast<unsigned char>(c) ) );
++        }
++    }
++
+     bool startsWith( std::string const& s, std::string const& prefix ) {
+         return s.size() >= prefix.size() && std::equal(prefix.begin(), prefix.end(), s.begin());
+     }
+@@ -8501,9 +13829,6 @@
+     bool contains( std::string const& s, std::string const& infix ) {
+         return s.find( infix ) != std::string::npos;
+     }
+-    char toLowerCh(char c) {
+-        return static_cast<char>( std::tolower( c ) );
+-    }
+     void toLowerInPlace( std::string& s ) {
+         std::transform( s.begin(), s.end(), s.begin(), toLowerCh );
+     }
+@@ -8520,6 +13845,18 @@
+         return start != std::string::npos ? str.substr( start, 1+end-start ) : std::string();
+     }
+ 
++    StringRef trim(StringRef ref) {
++        const auto is_ws = [](char c) {
++            return c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\n' || c == '\r';
++        };
++        size_t real_begin = 0;
++        while (real_begin < ref.size() && is_ws(ref[real_begin])) { ++real_begin; }
++        size_t real_end = ref.size();
++        while (real_end > real_begin && is_ws(ref[real_end - 1])) { --real_end; }
++
++        return ref.substr(real_begin, real_end - real_begin);
++    }
++
+     bool replaceInPlace( std::string& str, std::string const& replaceThis, std::string const& withThis ) {
+         bool replaced = false;
+         std::size_t i = str.find( replaceThis );
+@@ -8534,6 +13871,21 @@
+         return replaced;
+     }
+ 
++    std::vector<StringRef> splitStringRef( StringRef str, char delimiter ) {
++        std::vector<StringRef> subStrings;
++        std::size_t start = 0;
++        for(std::size_t pos = 0; pos < str.size(); ++pos ) {
++            if( str[pos] == delimiter ) {
++                if( pos - start > 1 )
++                    subStrings.push_back( str.substr( start, pos-start ) );
++                start = pos+1;
++            }
++        }
++        if( start < str.size() )
++            subStrings.push_back( str.substr( start, str.size()-start ) );
++        return subStrings;
++    }
++
+     pluralise::pluralise( std::size_t count, std::string const& label )
+     :   m_count( count ),
+         m_label( label )
+@@ -8550,168 +13902,46 @@
+ // end catch_string_manip.cpp
+ // start catch_stringref.cpp
+ 
+-#if defined(__clang__)
+-#    pragma clang diagnostic push
+-#    pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wexit-time-destructors"
+-#endif
+-
++#include <algorithm>
+ #include <ostream>
+-#include <cassert>
+ #include <cstring>
++#include <cstdint>
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+-
+-    auto getEmptyStringRef() -> StringRef {
+-        static StringRef s_emptyStringRef("");
+-        return s_emptyStringRef;
+-    }
+-
+-    StringRef::StringRef() noexcept
+-    :   StringRef( getEmptyStringRef() )
+-    {}
+-
+-    StringRef::StringRef( StringRef const& other ) noexcept
+-    :   m_start( other.m_start ),
+-        m_size( other.m_size )
+-    {}
+-
+-    StringRef::StringRef( StringRef&& other ) noexcept
+-    :   m_start( other.m_start ),
+-        m_size( other.m_size ),
+-        m_data( other.m_data )
+-    {
+-        other.m_data = nullptr;
+-    }
+-
+     StringRef::StringRef( char const* rawChars ) noexcept
+-    :   m_start( rawChars ),
+-        m_size( static_cast<size_type>( std::strlen( rawChars ) ) )
+-    {
+-        assert( rawChars != nullptr );
+-    }
+-
+-    StringRef::StringRef( char const* rawChars, size_type size ) noexcept
+-    :   m_start( rawChars ),
+-        m_size( size )
+-    {
+-        size_type rawSize = rawChars == nullptr ? 0 : static_cast<size_type>( std::strlen( rawChars ) );
+-        if( rawSize < size )
+-            m_size = rawSize;
+-    }
+-
+-    StringRef::StringRef( std::string const& stdString ) noexcept
+-    :   m_start( stdString.c_str() ),
+-        m_size( stdString.size() )
++    : StringRef( rawChars, static_cast<StringRef::size_type>(std::strlen(rawChars) ) )
+     {}
+ 
+-    StringRef::~StringRef() noexcept {
+-        delete[] m_data;
+-    }
+-
+-    auto StringRef::operator = ( StringRef other ) noexcept -> StringRef& {
+-        swap( other );
+-        return *this;
+-    }
+-    StringRef::operator std::string() const {
+-        return std::string( m_start, m_size );
+-    }
+-
+-    void StringRef::swap( StringRef& other ) noexcept {
+-        std::swap( m_start, other.m_start );
+-        std::swap( m_size, other.m_size );
+-        std::swap( m_data, other.m_data );
+-    }
+-
+     auto StringRef::c_str() const -> char const* {
+-        if( isSubstring() )
+-           const_cast<StringRef*>( this )->takeOwnership();
++        CATCH_ENFORCE(isNullTerminated(), "Called StringRef::c_str() on a non-null-terminated instance");
+         return m_start;
+     }
+     auto StringRef::data() const noexcept -> char const* {
+         return m_start;
+     }
+ 
+-    auto StringRef::isOwned() const noexcept -> bool {
+-        return m_data != nullptr;
+-    }
+-    auto StringRef::isSubstring() const noexcept -> bool {
+-        return m_start[m_size] != '\0';
+-    }
+-
+-    void StringRef::takeOwnership() {
+-        if( !isOwned() ) {
+-            m_data = new char[m_size+1];
+-            memcpy( m_data, m_start, m_size );
+-            m_data[m_size] = '\0';
+-            m_start = m_data;
+-        }
+-    }
+     auto StringRef::substr( size_type start, size_type size ) const noexcept -> StringRef {
+-        if( start < m_size )
+-            return StringRef( m_start+start, size );
+-        else
++        if (start < m_size) {
++            return StringRef(m_start + start, (std::min)(m_size - start, size));
++        } else {
+             return StringRef();
++        }
+     }
+     auto StringRef::operator == ( StringRef const& other ) const noexcept -> bool {
+-        return
+-            size() == other.size() &&
+-            (std::strncmp( m_start, other.m_start, size() ) == 0);
+-    }
+-    auto StringRef::operator != ( StringRef const& other ) const noexcept -> bool {
+-        return !operator==( other );
++        return m_size == other.m_size
++            && (std::memcmp( m_start, other.m_start, m_size ) == 0);
+     }
+ 
+-    auto StringRef::operator[](size_type index) const noexcept -> char {
+-        return m_start[index];
+-    }
+-
+-    auto StringRef::empty() const noexcept -> bool {
+-        return m_size == 0;
+-    }
+-
+-    auto StringRef::size() const noexcept -> size_type {
+-        return m_size;
+-    }
+-    auto StringRef::numberOfCharacters() const noexcept -> size_type {
+-        size_type noChars = m_size;
+-        // Make adjustments for uft encodings
+-        for( size_type i=0; i < m_size; ++i ) {
+-            char c = m_start[i];
+-            if( ( c & 0b11000000 ) == 0b11000000 ) {
+-                if( ( c & 0b11100000 ) == 0b11000000 )
+-                    noChars--;
+-                else if( ( c & 0b11110000 ) == 0b11100000 )
+-                    noChars-=2;
+-                else if( ( c & 0b11111000 ) == 0b11110000 )
+-                    noChars-=3;
+-            }
+-        }
+-        return noChars;
+-    }
+-
+-    auto operator + ( StringRef const& lhs, StringRef const& rhs ) -> std::string {
+-        std::string str;
+-        str.reserve( lhs.size() + rhs.size() );
+-        str += lhs;
+-        str += rhs;
+-        return str;
+-    }
+-    auto operator + ( StringRef const& lhs, const char* rhs ) -> std::string {
+-        return std::string( lhs ) + std::string( rhs );
+-    }
+-    auto operator + ( char const* lhs, StringRef const& rhs ) -> std::string {
+-        return std::string( lhs ) + std::string( rhs );
++    auto operator << ( std::ostream& os, StringRef const& str ) -> std::ostream& {
++        return os.write(str.data(), str.size());
+     }
+ 
+-    auto operator << ( std::ostream& os, StringRef const& str ) -> std::ostream& {
+-        return os << str.c_str();
++    auto operator+=( std::string& lhs, StringRef const& rhs ) -> std::string& {
++        lhs.append(rhs.data(), rhs.size());
++        return lhs;
+     }
+ 
+ } // namespace Catch
+-
+-#if defined(__clang__)
+-#    pragma clang diagnostic pop
+-#endif
+ // end catch_stringref.cpp
+ // start catch_tag_alias.cpp
+ 
+@@ -8724,9 +13954,9 @@
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+     RegistrarForTagAliases::RegistrarForTagAliases(char const* alias, char const* tag, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo) {
+-        try {
++        CATCH_TRY {
+             getMutableRegistryHub().registerTagAlias(alias, tag, lineInfo);
+-        } catch (...) {
++        } CATCH_CATCH_ALL {
+             // Do not throw when constructing global objects, instead register the exception to be processed later
+             getMutableRegistryHub().registerStartupException();
+         }
+@@ -8736,6 +13966,8 @@
+ // end catch_tag_alias_autoregistrar.cpp
+ // start catch_tag_alias_registry.cpp
+ 
++#include <sstream>
++
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+     TagAliasRegistry::~TagAliasRegistry() {}
+@@ -8784,40 +14016,42 @@
+ #include <cctype>
+ #include <exception>
+ #include <algorithm>
++#include <sstream>
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+-    TestCaseInfo::SpecialProperties parseSpecialTag( std::string const& tag ) {
+-        if( startsWith( tag, '.' ) ||
+-            tag == "!hide" )
+-            return TestCaseInfo::IsHidden;
+-        else if( tag == "!throws" )
+-            return TestCaseInfo::Throws;
+-        else if( tag == "!shouldfail" )
+-            return TestCaseInfo::ShouldFail;
+-        else if( tag == "!mayfail" )
+-            return TestCaseInfo::MayFail;
+-        else if( tag == "!nonportable" )
+-            return TestCaseInfo::NonPortable;
+-        else if( tag == "!benchmark" )
+-            return static_cast<TestCaseInfo::SpecialProperties>( TestCaseInfo::Benchmark | TestCaseInfo::IsHidden );
+-        else
+-            return TestCaseInfo::None;
+-    }
+-    bool isReservedTag( std::string const& tag ) {
+-        return parseSpecialTag( tag ) == TestCaseInfo::None && tag.size() > 0 && !std::isalnum( tag[0] );
+-    }
+-    void enforceNotReservedTag( std::string const& tag, SourceLineInfo const& _lineInfo ) {
+-        CATCH_ENFORCE( !isReservedTag(tag),
+-                      "Tag name: [" << tag << "] is not allowed.\n"
+-                      << "Tag names starting with non alpha-numeric characters are reserved\n"
+-                      << _lineInfo );
++    namespace {
++        TestCaseInfo::SpecialProperties parseSpecialTag( std::string const& tag ) {
++            if( startsWith( tag, '.' ) ||
++                tag == "!hide" )
++                return TestCaseInfo::IsHidden;
++            else if( tag == "!throws" )
++                return TestCaseInfo::Throws;
++            else if( tag == "!shouldfail" )
++                return TestCaseInfo::ShouldFail;
++            else if( tag == "!mayfail" )
++                return TestCaseInfo::MayFail;
++            else if( tag == "!nonportable" )
++                return TestCaseInfo::NonPortable;
++            else if( tag == "!benchmark" )
++                return static_cast<TestCaseInfo::SpecialProperties>( TestCaseInfo::Benchmark | TestCaseInfo::IsHidden );
++            else
++                return TestCaseInfo::None;
++        }
++        bool isReservedTag( std::string const& tag ) {
++            return parseSpecialTag( tag ) == TestCaseInfo::None && tag.size() > 0 && !std::isalnum( static_cast<unsigned char>(tag[0]) );
++        }
++        void enforceNotReservedTag( std::string const& tag, SourceLineInfo const& _lineInfo ) {
++            CATCH_ENFORCE( !isReservedTag(tag),
++                          "Tag name: [" << tag << "] is not allowed.\n"
++                          << "Tag names starting with non alphanumeric characters are reserved\n"
++                          << _lineInfo );
++        }
+     }
+ 
+     TestCase makeTestCase(  ITestInvoker* _testCase,
+                             std::string const& _className,
+-                            std::string const& _name,
+-                            std::string const& _descOrTags,
++                            NameAndTags const& nameAndTags,
+                             SourceLineInfo const& _lineInfo )
+     {
+         bool isHidden = false;
+@@ -8826,7 +14060,7 @@
+         std::vector<std::string> tags;
+         std::string desc, tag;
+         bool inTag = false;
+-        for (char c : _descOrTags) {
++        for (char c : nameAndTags.tags) {
+             if( !inTag ) {
+                 if( c == '[' )
+                     inTag = true;
+@@ -8841,6 +14075,12 @@
+                     else if( prop == TestCaseInfo::None )
+                         enforceNotReservedTag( tag, _lineInfo );
+ 
++                    // Merged hide tags like `[.approvals]` should be added as
++                    // `[.][approvals]`. The `[.]` is added at later point, so
++                    // we only strip the prefix
++                    if (startsWith(tag, '.') && tag.size() > 1) {
++                        tag.erase(0, 1);
++                    }
+                     tags.push_back( tag );
+                     tag.clear();
+                     inTag = false;
+@@ -8850,11 +14090,12 @@
+             }
+         }
+         if( isHidden ) {
+-            tags.push_back( "." );
++            // Add all "hidden" tags to make them behave identically
++            tags.insert( tags.end(), { ".", "!hide" } );
+         }
+ 
+-        TestCaseInfo info( _name, _className, desc, tags, _lineInfo );
+-        return TestCase( _testCase, info );
++        TestCaseInfo info( static_cast<std::string>(nameAndTags.name), _className, desc, tags, _lineInfo );
++        return TestCase( _testCase, std::move(info) );
+     }
+ 
+     void setTags( TestCaseInfo& testCaseInfo, std::vector<std::string> tags ) {
+@@ -8914,7 +14155,7 @@
+         return ret;
+     }
+ 
+-    TestCase::TestCase( ITestInvoker* testCase, TestCaseInfo const& info ) : TestCaseInfo( info ), test( testCase ) {}
++    TestCase::TestCase( ITestInvoker* testCase, TestCaseInfo&& info ) : TestCaseInfo( std::move(info) ), test( testCase ) {}
+ 
+     TestCase TestCase::withName( std::string const& _newName ) const {
+         TestCase other( *this );
+@@ -8945,30 +14186,89 @@
+ // end catch_test_case_info.cpp
+ // start catch_test_case_registry_impl.cpp
+ 
++#include <algorithm>
+ #include <sstream>
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+-    std::vector<TestCase> sortTests( IConfig const& config, std::vector<TestCase> const& unsortedTestCases ) {
++    namespace {
++        struct TestHasher {
++            using hash_t = uint64_t;
++
++            explicit TestHasher( hash_t hashSuffix ):
++                m_hashSuffix{ hashSuffix } {}
++
++            uint32_t operator()( TestCase const& t ) const {
++                // FNV-1a hash with multiplication fold.
++                const hash_t prime = 1099511628211u;
++                hash_t hash = 14695981039346656037u;
++                for ( const char c : t.name ) {
++                    hash ^= c;
++                    hash *= prime;
++                }
++                hash ^= m_hashSuffix;
++                hash *= prime;
++                const uint32_t low{ static_cast<uint32_t>( hash ) };
++                const uint32_t high{ static_cast<uint32_t>( hash >> 32 ) };
++                return low * high;
++            }
+ 
+-        std::vector<TestCase> sorted = unsortedTestCases;
++        private:
++            hash_t m_hashSuffix;
++        };
++    } // end unnamed namespace
+ 
++    std::vector<TestCase> sortTests( IConfig const& config, std::vector<TestCase> const& unsortedTestCases ) {
+         switch( config.runOrder() ) {
+-            case RunTests::InLexicographicalOrder:
+-                std::sort( sorted.begin(), sorted.end() );
+-                break;
+-            case RunTests::InRandomOrder:
+-                seedRng( config );
+-                RandomNumberGenerator::shuffle( sorted );
+-                break;
+             case RunTests::InDeclarationOrder:
+                 // already in declaration order
+                 break;
++
++            case RunTests::InLexicographicalOrder: {
++                std::vector<TestCase> sorted = unsortedTestCases;
++                std::sort( sorted.begin(), sorted.end() );
++                return sorted;
++            }
++
++            case RunTests::InRandomOrder: {
++                seedRng( config );
++                TestHasher h{ config.rngSeed() };
++
++                using hashedTest = std::pair<TestHasher::hash_t, TestCase const*>;
++                std::vector<hashedTest> indexed_tests;
++                indexed_tests.reserve( unsortedTestCases.size() );
++
++                for (auto const& testCase : unsortedTestCases) {
++                    indexed_tests.emplace_back(h(testCase), &testCase);
++                }
++
++                std::sort(indexed_tests.begin(), indexed_tests.end(),
++                          [](hashedTest const& lhs, hashedTest const& rhs) {
++                          if (lhs.first == rhs.first) {
++                              return lhs.second->name < rhs.second->name;
++                          }
++                          return lhs.first < rhs.first;
++                });
++
++                std::vector<TestCase> sorted;
++                sorted.reserve( indexed_tests.size() );
++
++                for (auto const& hashed : indexed_tests) {
++                    sorted.emplace_back(*hashed.second);
++                }
++
++                return sorted;
++            }
+         }
+-        return sorted;
++        return unsortedTestCases;
++    }
++
++    bool isThrowSafe( TestCase const& testCase, IConfig const& config ) {
++        return !testCase.throws() || config.allowThrows();
+     }
++
+     bool matchTest( TestCase const& testCase, TestSpec const& testSpec, IConfig const& config ) {
+-        return testSpec.matches( testCase ) && ( config.allowThrows() || !testCase.throws() );
++        return testSpec.matches( testCase ) && isThrowSafe( testCase, config );
+     }
+ 
+     void enforceNoDuplicateTestCases( std::vector<TestCase> const& functions ) {
+@@ -8985,9 +14285,12 @@
+     std::vector<TestCase> filterTests( std::vector<TestCase> const& testCases, TestSpec const& testSpec, IConfig const& config ) {
+         std::vector<TestCase> filtered;
+         filtered.reserve( testCases.size() );
+-        for( auto const& testCase : testCases )
+-            if( matchTest( testCase, testSpec, config ) )
+-                filtered.push_back( testCase );
++        for (auto const& testCase : testCases) {
++            if ((!testSpec.hasFilters() && !testCase.isHidden()) ||
++                (testSpec.hasFilters() && matchTest(testCase, testSpec, config))) {
++                filtered.push_back(testCase);
++            }
++        }
+         return filtered;
+     }
+     std::vector<TestCase> const& getAllTestCasesSorted( IConfig const& config ) {
+@@ -8997,9 +14300,9 @@
+     void TestRegistry::registerTest( TestCase const& testCase ) {
+         std::string name = testCase.getTestCaseInfo().name;
+         if( name.empty() ) {
+-            std::ostringstream oss;
+-            oss << "Anonymous test case " << ++m_unnamedCount;
+-            return registerTest( testCase.withName( oss.str() ) );
++            ReusableStringStream rss;
++            rss << "Anonymous test case " << ++m_unnamedCount;
++            return registerTest( testCase.withName( rss.str() ) );
+         }
+         m_functions.push_back( testCase );
+     }
+@@ -9025,8 +14328,8 @@
+         m_testAsFunction();
+     }
+ 
+-    std::string extractClassName( std::string const& classOrQualifiedMethodName ) {
+-        std::string className = classOrQualifiedMethodName;
++    std::string extractClassName( StringRef const& classOrQualifiedMethodName ) {
++        std::string className(classOrQualifiedMethodName);
+         if( startsWith( className, '&' ) )
+         {
+             std::size_t lastColons = className.rfind( "::" );
+@@ -9043,9 +14346,10 @@
+ // start catch_test_case_tracker.cpp
+ 
+ #include <algorithm>
+-#include <assert.h>
++#include <cassert>
+ #include <stdexcept>
+ #include <memory>
++#include <sstream>
+ 
+ #if defined(__clang__)
+ #    pragma clang diagnostic push
+@@ -9062,11 +14366,6 @@
+ 
+     ITracker::~ITracker() = default;
+ 
+-    TrackerContext& TrackerContext::instance() {
+-        static TrackerContext s_instance;
+-        return s_instance;
+-    }
+-
+     ITracker& TrackerContext::startRun() {
+         m_rootTracker = std::make_shared<SectionTracker>( NameAndLocation( "{root}", CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO ), *this, nullptr );
+         m_currentTracker = nullptr;
+@@ -9098,22 +14397,12 @@
+         m_currentTracker = tracker;
+     }
+ 
+-    TrackerBase::TrackerHasName::TrackerHasName( NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation ) : m_nameAndLocation( nameAndLocation ) {}
+-    bool TrackerBase::TrackerHasName::operator ()( ITrackerPtr const& tracker ) const {
+-        return
+-            tracker->nameAndLocation().name == m_nameAndLocation.name &&
+-            tracker->nameAndLocation().location == m_nameAndLocation.location;
+-    }
+-
+-    TrackerBase::TrackerBase( NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation, TrackerContext& ctx, ITracker* parent )
+-    :   m_nameAndLocation( nameAndLocation ),
++    TrackerBase::TrackerBase( NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation, TrackerContext& ctx, ITracker* parent ):
++        ITracker(nameAndLocation),
+         m_ctx( ctx ),
+         m_parent( parent )
+     {}
+ 
+-    NameAndLocation const& TrackerBase::nameAndLocation() const {
+-        return m_nameAndLocation;
+-    }
+     bool TrackerBase::isComplete() const {
+         return m_runState == CompletedSuccessfully || m_runState == Failed;
+     }
+@@ -9132,7 +14421,12 @@
+     }
+ 
+     ITrackerPtr TrackerBase::findChild( NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation ) {
+-        auto it = std::find_if( m_children.begin(), m_children.end(), TrackerHasName( nameAndLocation ) );
++        auto it = std::find_if( m_children.begin(), m_children.end(),
++            [&nameAndLocation]( ITrackerPtr const& tracker ){
++                return
++                    tracker->nameAndLocation().location == nameAndLocation.location &&
++                    tracker->nameAndLocation().name == nameAndLocation.name;
++            } );
+         return( it != m_children.end() )
+             ? *it
+             : nullptr;
+@@ -9151,7 +14445,7 @@
+     }
+ 
+     bool TrackerBase::isSectionTracker() const { return false; }
+-    bool TrackerBase::isIndexTracker() const { return false; }
++    bool TrackerBase::isGeneratorTracker() const { return false; }
+ 
+     void TrackerBase::open() {
+         m_runState = Executing;
+@@ -9174,7 +14468,7 @@
+                 m_runState = CompletedSuccessfully;
+                 break;
+             case ExecutingChildren:
+-                if( m_children.empty() || m_children.back()->isComplete() )
++                if( std::all_of(m_children.begin(), m_children.end(), [](ITrackerPtr const& t){ return t->isComplete(); }) )
+                     m_runState = CompletedSuccessfully;
+                 break;
+ 
+@@ -9209,7 +14503,8 @@
+     }
+ 
+     SectionTracker::SectionTracker( NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation, TrackerContext& ctx, ITracker* parent )
+-    :   TrackerBase( nameAndLocation, ctx, parent )
++    :   TrackerBase( nameAndLocation, ctx, parent ),
++        m_trimmed_name(trim(nameAndLocation.name))
+     {
+         if( parent ) {
+             while( !parent->isSectionTracker() )
+@@ -9220,6 +14515,17 @@
+         }
+     }
+ 
++    bool SectionTracker::isComplete() const {
++        bool complete = true;
++
++        if (m_filters.empty()
++            || m_filters[0] == ""
++            || std::find(m_filters.begin(), m_filters.end(), m_trimmed_name) != m_filters.end()) {
++            complete = TrackerBase::isComplete();
++        }
++        return complete;
++    }
++
+     bool SectionTracker::isSectionTracker() const { return true; }
+ 
+     SectionTracker& SectionTracker::acquire( TrackerContext& ctx, NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation ) {
+@@ -9241,63 +14547,29 @@
+     }
+ 
+     void SectionTracker::tryOpen() {
+-        if( !isComplete() && (m_filters.empty() || m_filters[0].empty() ||  m_filters[0] == m_nameAndLocation.name ) )
++        if( !isComplete() )
+             open();
+     }
+ 
+     void SectionTracker::addInitialFilters( std::vector<std::string> const& filters ) {
+         if( !filters.empty() ) {
+-            m_filters.push_back(""); // Root - should never be consulted
+-            m_filters.push_back(""); // Test Case - not a section filter
++            m_filters.reserve( m_filters.size() + filters.size() + 2 );
++            m_filters.emplace_back(""); // Root - should never be consulted
++            m_filters.emplace_back(""); // Test Case - not a section filter
+             m_filters.insert( m_filters.end(), filters.begin(), filters.end() );
+         }
+     }
+     void SectionTracker::addNextFilters( std::vector<std::string> const& filters ) {
+         if( filters.size() > 1 )
+-            m_filters.insert( m_filters.end(), ++filters.begin(), filters.end() );
+-    }
+-
+-    IndexTracker::IndexTracker( NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation, TrackerContext& ctx, ITracker* parent, int size )
+-    :   TrackerBase( nameAndLocation, ctx, parent ),
+-        m_size( size )
+-    {}
+-
+-    bool IndexTracker::isIndexTracker() const { return true; }
+-
+-    IndexTracker& IndexTracker::acquire( TrackerContext& ctx, NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation, int size ) {
+-        std::shared_ptr<IndexTracker> tracker;
+-
+-        ITracker& currentTracker = ctx.currentTracker();
+-        if( ITrackerPtr childTracker = currentTracker.findChild( nameAndLocation ) ) {
+-            assert( childTracker );
+-            assert( childTracker->isIndexTracker() );
+-            tracker = std::static_pointer_cast<IndexTracker>( childTracker );
+-        }
+-        else {
+-            tracker = std::make_shared<IndexTracker>( nameAndLocation, ctx, &currentTracker, size );
+-            currentTracker.addChild( tracker );
+-        }
+-
+-        if( !ctx.completedCycle() && !tracker->isComplete() ) {
+-            if( tracker->m_runState != ExecutingChildren && tracker->m_runState != NeedsAnotherRun )
+-                tracker->moveNext();
+-            tracker->open();
+-        }
+-
+-        return *tracker;
++            m_filters.insert( m_filters.end(), filters.begin()+1, filters.end() );
+     }
+ 
+-    int IndexTracker::index() const { return m_index; }
+-
+-    void IndexTracker::moveNext() {
+-        m_index++;
+-        m_children.clear();
++    std::vector<std::string> const& SectionTracker::getFilters() const {
++        return m_filters;
+     }
+ 
+-    void IndexTracker::close() {
+-        TrackerBase::close();
+-        if( m_runState == CompletedSuccessfully && m_index < m_size-1 )
+-            m_runState = Executing;
++    std::string const& SectionTracker::trimmedName() const {
++        return m_trimmed_name;
+     }
+ 
+ } // namespace TestCaseTracking
+@@ -9305,7 +14577,6 @@
+ using TestCaseTracking::ITracker;
+ using TestCaseTracking::TrackerContext;
+ using TestCaseTracking::SectionTracker;
+-using TestCaseTracking::IndexTracker;
+ 
+ } // namespace Catch
+ 
+@@ -9321,19 +14592,18 @@
+         return new(std::nothrow) TestInvokerAsFunction( testAsFunction );
+     }
+ 
+-    NameAndTags::NameAndTags( StringRef name_ , StringRef tags_ ) noexcept : name( name_ ), tags( tags_ ) {}
++    NameAndTags::NameAndTags( StringRef const& name_ , StringRef const& tags_ ) noexcept : name( name_ ), tags( tags_ ) {}
+ 
+-    AutoReg::AutoReg( ITestInvoker* invoker, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo, StringRef classOrMethod, NameAndTags const& nameAndTags ) noexcept {
+-        try {
++    AutoReg::AutoReg( ITestInvoker* invoker, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo, StringRef const& classOrMethod, NameAndTags const& nameAndTags ) noexcept {
++        CATCH_TRY {
+             getMutableRegistryHub()
+                     .registerTest(
+                         makeTestCase(
+                             invoker,
+                             extractClassName( classOrMethod ),
+-                            nameAndTags.name,
+-                            nameAndTags.tags,
++                            nameAndTags,
+                             lineInfo));
+-        } catch (...) {
++        } CATCH_CATCH_ALL {
+             // Do not throw when constructing global objects, instead register the exception to be processed later
+             getMutableRegistryHub().registerStartupException();
+         }
+@@ -9351,47 +14621,81 @@
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
++    TestSpec::Pattern::Pattern( std::string const& name )
++    : m_name( name )
++    {}
++
+     TestSpec::Pattern::~Pattern() = default;
+-    TestSpec::NamePattern::~NamePattern() = default;
+-    TestSpec::TagPattern::~TagPattern() = default;
+-    TestSpec::ExcludedPattern::~ExcludedPattern() = default;
+ 
+-    TestSpec::NamePattern::NamePattern( std::string const& name )
+-    : m_wildcardPattern( toLower( name ), CaseSensitive::No )
++    std::string const& TestSpec::Pattern::name() const {
++        return m_name;
++    }
++
++    TestSpec::NamePattern::NamePattern( std::string const& name, std::string const& filterString )
++    : Pattern( filterString )
++    , m_wildcardPattern( toLower( name ), CaseSensitive::No )
+     {}
++
+     bool TestSpec::NamePattern::matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const {
+-        return m_wildcardPattern.matches( toLower( testCase.name ) );
++        return m_wildcardPattern.matches( testCase.name );
+     }
+ 
+-    TestSpec::TagPattern::TagPattern( std::string const& tag ) : m_tag( toLower( tag ) ) {}
++    TestSpec::TagPattern::TagPattern( std::string const& tag, std::string const& filterString )
++    : Pattern( filterString )
++    , m_tag( toLower( tag ) )
++    {}
++
+     bool TestSpec::TagPattern::matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const {
+         return std::find(begin(testCase.lcaseTags),
+                          end(testCase.lcaseTags),
+                          m_tag) != end(testCase.lcaseTags);
+     }
+ 
+-    TestSpec::ExcludedPattern::ExcludedPattern( PatternPtr const& underlyingPattern ) : m_underlyingPattern( underlyingPattern ) {}
+-    bool TestSpec::ExcludedPattern::matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const { return !m_underlyingPattern->matches( testCase ); }
++    TestSpec::ExcludedPattern::ExcludedPattern( PatternPtr const& underlyingPattern )
++    : Pattern( underlyingPattern->name() )
++    , m_underlyingPattern( underlyingPattern )
++    {}
++
++    bool TestSpec::ExcludedPattern::matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const {
++        return !m_underlyingPattern->matches( testCase );
++    }
+ 
+     bool TestSpec::Filter::matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const {
+-        // All patterns in a filter must match for the filter to be a match
+-        for( auto const& pattern : m_patterns ) {
+-            if( !pattern->matches( testCase ) )
+-                return false;
+-        }
+-        return true;
++        return std::all_of( m_patterns.begin(), m_patterns.end(), [&]( PatternPtr const& p ){ return p->matches( testCase ); } );
++    }
++
++    std::string TestSpec::Filter::name() const {
++        std::string name;
++        for( auto const& p : m_patterns )
++            name += p->name();
++        return name;
+     }
+ 
+     bool TestSpec::hasFilters() const {
+         return !m_filters.empty();
+     }
++
+     bool TestSpec::matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const {
+-        // A TestSpec matches if any filter matches
+-        for( auto const& filter : m_filters )
+-            if( filter.matches( testCase ) )
+-                return true;
+-        return false;
++        return std::any_of( m_filters.begin(), m_filters.end(), [&]( Filter const& f ){ return f.matches( testCase ); } );
++    }
++
++    TestSpec::Matches TestSpec::matchesByFilter( std::vector<TestCase> const& testCases, IConfig const& config ) const
++    {
++        Matches matches( m_filters.size() );
++        std::transform( m_filters.begin(), m_filters.end(), matches.begin(), [&]( Filter const& filter ){
++            std::vector<TestCase const*> currentMatches;
++            for( auto const& test : testCases )
++                if( isThrowSafe( test, config ) && filter.matches( test ) )
++                    currentMatches.emplace_back( &test );
++            return FilterMatch{ filter.name(), currentMatches };
++        } );
++        return matches;
++    }
++
++    const TestSpec::vectorStrings& TestSpec::getInvalidArgs() const{
++        return  (m_invalidArgs);
+     }
++
+ }
+ // end catch_test_spec.cpp
+ // start catch_test_spec_parser.cpp
+@@ -9403,64 +14707,136 @@
+     TestSpecParser& TestSpecParser::parse( std::string const& arg ) {
+         m_mode = None;
+         m_exclusion = false;
+-        m_start = std::string::npos;
+         m_arg = m_tagAliases->expandAliases( arg );
+         m_escapeChars.clear();
++        m_substring.reserve(m_arg.size());
++        m_patternName.reserve(m_arg.size());
++        m_realPatternPos = 0;
++
+         for( m_pos = 0; m_pos < m_arg.size(); ++m_pos )
+-            visitChar( m_arg[m_pos] );
+-        if( m_mode == Name )
+-            addPattern<TestSpec::NamePattern>();
++          //if visitChar fails
++           if( !visitChar( m_arg[m_pos] ) ){
++               m_testSpec.m_invalidArgs.push_back(arg);
++               break;
++           }
++        endMode();
+         return *this;
+     }
+     TestSpec TestSpecParser::testSpec() {
+         addFilter();
+         return m_testSpec;
+     }
++    bool TestSpecParser::visitChar( char c ) {
++        if( (m_mode != EscapedName) && (c == '\\') ) {
++            escape();
++            addCharToPattern(c);
++            return true;
++        }else if((m_mode != EscapedName) && (c == ',') )  {
++            return separate();
++        }
+ 
+-    void TestSpecParser::visitChar( char c ) {
+-        if( m_mode == None ) {
+-            switch( c ) {
+-            case ' ': return;
+-            case '~': m_exclusion = true; return;
+-            case '[': return startNewMode( Tag, ++m_pos );
+-            case '"': return startNewMode( QuotedName, ++m_pos );
+-            case '\\': return escape();
+-            default: startNewMode( Name, m_pos ); break;
+-            }
+-        }
+-        if( m_mode == Name ) {
+-            if( c == ',' ) {
+-                addPattern<TestSpec::NamePattern>();
+-                addFilter();
+-            }
+-            else if( c == '[' ) {
+-                if( subString() == "exclude:" )
+-                    m_exclusion = true;
+-                else
+-                    addPattern<TestSpec::NamePattern>();
+-                startNewMode( Tag, ++m_pos );
+-            }
+-            else if( c == '\\' )
+-                escape();
++        switch( m_mode ) {
++        case None:
++            if( processNoneChar( c ) )
++                return true;
++            break;
++        case Name:
++            processNameChar( c );
++            break;
++        case EscapedName:
++            endMode();
++            addCharToPattern(c);
++            return true;
++        default:
++        case Tag:
++        case QuotedName:
++            if( processOtherChar( c ) )
++                return true;
++            break;
++        }
++
++        m_substring += c;
++        if( !isControlChar( c ) ) {
++            m_patternName += c;
++            m_realPatternPos++;
++        }
++        return true;
++    }
++    // Two of the processing methods return true to signal the caller to return
++    // without adding the given character to the current pattern strings
++    bool TestSpecParser::processNoneChar( char c ) {
++        switch( c ) {
++        case ' ':
++            return true;
++        case '~':
++            m_exclusion = true;
++            return false;
++        case '[':
++            startNewMode( Tag );
++            return false;
++        case '"':
++            startNewMode( QuotedName );
++            return false;
++        default:
++            startNewMode( Name );
++            return false;
++        }
++    }
++    void TestSpecParser::processNameChar( char c ) {
++        if( c == '[' ) {
++            if( m_substring == "exclude:" )
++                m_exclusion = true;
++            else
++                endMode();
++            startNewMode( Tag );
+         }
+-        else if( m_mode == EscapedName )
+-            m_mode = Name;
+-        else if( m_mode == QuotedName && c == '"' )
+-            addPattern<TestSpec::NamePattern>();
+-        else if( m_mode == Tag && c == ']' )
+-            addPattern<TestSpec::TagPattern>();
+     }
+-    void TestSpecParser::startNewMode( Mode mode, std::size_t start ) {
++    bool TestSpecParser::processOtherChar( char c ) {
++        if( !isControlChar( c ) )
++            return false;
++        m_substring += c;
++        endMode();
++        return true;
++    }
++    void TestSpecParser::startNewMode( Mode mode ) {
+         m_mode = mode;
+-        m_start = start;
++    }
++    void TestSpecParser::endMode() {
++        switch( m_mode ) {
++        case Name:
++        case QuotedName:
++            return addNamePattern();
++        case Tag:
++            return addTagPattern();
++        case EscapedName:
++            revertBackToLastMode();
++            return;
++        case None:
++        default:
++            return startNewMode( None );
++        }
+     }
+     void TestSpecParser::escape() {
+-        if( m_mode == None )
+-            m_start = m_pos;
++        saveLastMode();
+         m_mode = EscapedName;
+-        m_escapeChars.push_back( m_pos );
++        m_escapeChars.push_back(m_realPatternPos);
++    }
++    bool TestSpecParser::isControlChar( char c ) const {
++        switch( m_mode ) {
++            default:
++                return false;
++            case None:
++                return c == '~';
++            case Name:
++                return c == '[';
++            case EscapedName:
++                return true;
++            case QuotedName:
++                return c == '"';
++            case Tag:
++                return c == '[' || c == ']';
++        }
+     }
+-    std::string TestSpecParser::subString() const { return m_arg.substr( m_start, m_pos - m_start ); }
+ 
+     void TestSpecParser::addFilter() {
+         if( !m_currentFilter.m_patterns.empty() ) {
+@@ -9469,6 +14845,86 @@
+         }
+     }
+ 
++    void TestSpecParser::saveLastMode() {
++      lastMode = m_mode;
++    }
++
++    void TestSpecParser::revertBackToLastMode() {
++      m_mode = lastMode;
++    }
++
++    bool TestSpecParser::separate() {
++      if( (m_mode==QuotedName) || (m_mode==Tag) ){
++         //invalid argument, signal failure to previous scope.
++         m_mode = None;
++         m_pos = m_arg.size();
++         m_substring.clear();
++         m_patternName.clear();
++         m_realPatternPos = 0;
++         return false;
++      }
++      endMode();
++      addFilter();
++      return true; //success
++    }
++
++    std::string TestSpecParser::preprocessPattern() {
++        std::string token = m_patternName;
++        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < m_escapeChars.size(); ++i)
++            token = token.substr(0, m_escapeChars[i] - i) + token.substr(m_escapeChars[i] - i + 1);
++        m_escapeChars.clear();
++        if (startsWith(token, "exclude:")) {
++            m_exclusion = true;
++            token = token.substr(8);
++        }
++
++        m_patternName.clear();
++        m_realPatternPos = 0;
++
++        return token;
++    }
++
++    void TestSpecParser::addNamePattern() {
++        auto token = preprocessPattern();
++
++        if (!token.empty()) {
++            TestSpec::PatternPtr pattern = std::make_shared<TestSpec::NamePattern>(token, m_substring);
++            if (m_exclusion)
++                pattern = std::make_shared<TestSpec::ExcludedPattern>(pattern);
++            m_currentFilter.m_patterns.push_back(pattern);
++        }
++        m_substring.clear();
++        m_exclusion = false;
++        m_mode = None;
++    }
++
++    void TestSpecParser::addTagPattern() {
++        auto token = preprocessPattern();
++
++        if (!token.empty()) {
++            // If the tag pattern is the "hide and tag" shorthand (e.g. [.foo])
++            // we have to create a separate hide tag and shorten the real one
++            if (token.size() > 1 && token[0] == '.') {
++                token.erase(token.begin());
++                TestSpec::PatternPtr pattern = std::make_shared<TestSpec::TagPattern>(".", m_substring);
++                if (m_exclusion) {
++                    pattern = std::make_shared<TestSpec::ExcludedPattern>(pattern);
++                }
++                m_currentFilter.m_patterns.push_back(pattern);
++            }
++
++            TestSpec::PatternPtr pattern = std::make_shared<TestSpec::TagPattern>(token, m_substring);
++
++            if (m_exclusion) {
++                pattern = std::make_shared<TestSpec::ExcludedPattern>(pattern);
++            }
++            m_currentFilter.m_patterns.push_back(pattern);
++        }
++        m_substring.clear();
++        m_exclusion = false;
++        m_mode = None;
++    }
++
+     TestSpec parseTestSpec( std::string const& arg ) {
+         return TestSpecParser( ITagAliasRegistry::get() ).parse( arg ).testSpec();
+     }
+@@ -9479,32 +14935,44 @@
+ 
+ #include <chrono>
+ 
++static const uint64_t nanosecondsInSecond = 1000000000;
++
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+     auto getCurrentNanosecondsSinceEpoch() -> uint64_t {
+         return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>( std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now().time_since_epoch() ).count();
+     }
+ 
+-    auto estimateClockResolution() -> uint64_t {
+-        uint64_t sum = 0;
+-        static const uint64_t iterations = 1000000;
+-
+-        for( std::size_t i = 0; i < iterations; ++i ) {
+-
+-            uint64_t ticks;
+-            uint64_t baseTicks = getCurrentNanosecondsSinceEpoch();
+-            do {
+-                ticks = getCurrentNanosecondsSinceEpoch();
++    namespace {
++        auto estimateClockResolution() -> uint64_t {
++            uint64_t sum = 0;
++            static const uint64_t iterations = 1000000;
++
++            auto startTime = getCurrentNanosecondsSinceEpoch();
++
++            for( std::size_t i = 0; i < iterations; ++i ) {
++
++                uint64_t ticks;
++                uint64_t baseTicks = getCurrentNanosecondsSinceEpoch();
++                do {
++                    ticks = getCurrentNanosecondsSinceEpoch();
++                } while( ticks == baseTicks );
++
++                auto delta = ticks - baseTicks;
++                sum += delta;
++
++                // If we have been calibrating for over 3 seconds -- the clock
++                // is terrible and we should move on.
++                // TBD: How to signal that the measured resolution is probably wrong?
++                if (ticks > startTime + 3 * nanosecondsInSecond) {
++                    return sum / ( i + 1u );
++                }
+             }
+-            while( ticks == baseTicks );
+ 
+-            auto delta = ticks - baseTicks;
+-            sum += delta;
++            // We're just taking the mean, here. To do better we could take the std. dev and exclude outliers
++            // - and potentially do more iterations if there's a high variance.
++            return sum/iterations;
+         }
+-
+-        // We're just taking the mean, here. To do better we could take the std. dev and exclude outliers
+-        // - and potentially do more iterations if there's a high variance.
+-        return sum/iterations;
+     }
+     auto getEstimatedClockResolution() -> uint64_t {
+         static auto s_resolution = estimateClockResolution();
+@@ -9514,11 +14982,11 @@
+     void Timer::start() {
+        m_nanoseconds = getCurrentNanosecondsSinceEpoch();
+     }
+-    auto Timer::getElapsedNanoseconds() const -> unsigned int {
+-        return static_cast<unsigned int>(getCurrentNanosecondsSinceEpoch() - m_nanoseconds);
++    auto Timer::getElapsedNanoseconds() const -> uint64_t {
++        return getCurrentNanosecondsSinceEpoch() - m_nanoseconds;
+     }
+-    auto Timer::getElapsedMicroseconds() const -> unsigned int {
+-        return static_cast<unsigned int>(getElapsedNanoseconds()/1000);
++    auto Timer::getElapsedMicroseconds() const -> uint64_t {
++        return getElapsedNanoseconds()/1000;
+     }
+     auto Timer::getElapsedMilliseconds() const -> unsigned int {
+         return static_cast<unsigned int>(getElapsedMicroseconds()/1000);
+@@ -9537,6 +15005,12 @@
+ #    pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wglobal-constructors"
+ #endif
+ 
++// Enable specific decls locally
++#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_CHRONO_STRINGMAKER)
++#define CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_CHRONO_STRINGMAKER
++#endif
++
++#include <cmath>
+ #include <iomanip>
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+@@ -9552,13 +15026,11 @@
+             enum Arch { Big, Little };
+ 
+             static Arch which() {
+-                union _{
+-                    int asInt;
+-                    char asChar[sizeof (int)];
+-                } u;
+-
+-                u.asInt = 1;
+-                return ( u.asChar[sizeof(int)-1] == 1 ) ? Big : Little;
++                int one = 1;
++                // If the lowest byte we read is non-zero, we can assume
++                // that little endian format is used.
++                auto value = *reinterpret_cast<char*>(&one);
++                return value ? Little : Big;
+             }
+         };
+     }
+@@ -9572,21 +15044,25 @@
+         }
+ 
+         unsigned char const *bytes = static_cast<unsigned char const *>(object);
+-        std::ostringstream os;
+-        os << "0x" << std::setfill('0') << std::hex;
++        ReusableStringStream rss;
++        rss << "0x" << std::setfill('0') << std::hex;
+         for( ; i != end; i += inc )
+-             os << std::setw(2) << static_cast<unsigned>(bytes[i]);
+-       return os.str();
++             rss << std::setw(2) << static_cast<unsigned>(bytes[i]);
++       return rss.str();
+     }
+ }
+ 
+ template<typename T>
+ std::string fpToString( T value, int precision ) {
+-    std::ostringstream oss;
+-    oss << std::setprecision( precision )
++    if (Catch::isnan(value)) {
++        return "nan";
++    }
++
++    ReusableStringStream rss;
++    rss << std::setprecision( precision )
+         << std::fixed
+         << value;
+-    std::string d = oss.str();
++    std::string d = rss.str();
+     std::size_t i = d.find_last_not_of( '0' );
+     if( i != std::string::npos && i != d.size()-1 ) {
+         if( d[i] == '.' )
+@@ -9625,14 +15101,11 @@
+     return s;
+ }
+ 
+-std::string StringMaker<std::wstring>::convert(const std::wstring& wstr) {
+-    std::string s;
+-    s.reserve(wstr.size());
+-    for (auto c : wstr) {
+-        s += (c <= 0xff) ? static_cast<char>(c) : '?';
+-    }
+-    return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(s);
++#ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_STRING_VIEW
++std::string StringMaker<std::string_view>::convert(std::string_view str) {
++    return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(std::string{ str });
+ }
++#endif
+ 
+ std::string StringMaker<char const*>::convert(char const* str) {
+     if (str) {
+@@ -9648,6 +15121,23 @@
+         return{ "{null string}" };
+     }
+ }
++
++#ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR
++std::string StringMaker<std::wstring>::convert(const std::wstring& wstr) {
++    std::string s;
++    s.reserve(wstr.size());
++    for (auto c : wstr) {
++        s += (c <= 0xff) ? static_cast<char>(c) : '?';
++    }
++    return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(s);
++}
++
++# ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_STRING_VIEW
++std::string StringMaker<std::wstring_view>::convert(std::wstring_view str) {
++    return StringMaker<std::wstring>::convert(std::wstring(str));
++}
++# endif
++
+ std::string StringMaker<wchar_t const*>::convert(wchar_t const * str) {
+     if (str) {
+         return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(std::wstring{ str });
+@@ -9662,6 +15152,14 @@
+         return{ "{null string}" };
+     }
+ }
++#endif
++
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_BYTE)
++#include <cstddef>
++std::string StringMaker<std::byte>::convert(std::byte value) {
++    return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(std::to_integer<unsigned long long>(value));
++}
++#endif // defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_BYTE)
+ 
+ std::string StringMaker<int>::convert(int value) {
+     return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(static_cast<long long>(value));
+@@ -9670,12 +15168,12 @@
+     return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(static_cast<long long>(value));
+ }
+ std::string StringMaker<long long>::convert(long long value) {
+-    std::ostringstream oss;
+-    oss << value;
++    ReusableStringStream rss;
++    rss << value;
+     if (value > Detail::hexThreshold) {
+-        oss << " (0x" << std::hex << value << ')';
++        rss << " (0x" << std::hex << value << ')';
+     }
+-    return oss.str();
++    return rss.str();
+ }
+ 
+ std::string StringMaker<unsigned int>::convert(unsigned int value) {
+@@ -9685,19 +15183,19 @@
+     return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(static_cast<unsigned long long>(value));
+ }
+ std::string StringMaker<unsigned long long>::convert(unsigned long long value) {
+-    std::ostringstream oss;
+-    oss << value;
++    ReusableStringStream rss;
++    rss << value;
+     if (value > Detail::hexThreshold) {
+-        oss << " (0x" << std::hex << value << ')';
++        rss << " (0x" << std::hex << value << ')';
+     }
+-    return oss.str();
++    return rss.str();
+ }
+ 
+ std::string StringMaker<bool>::convert(bool b) {
+     return b ? "true" : "false";
+ }
+ 
+-std::string StringMaker<char>::convert(char value) {
++std::string StringMaker<signed char>::convert(signed char value) {
+     if (value == '\r') {
+         return "'\\r'";
+     } else if (value == '\f') {
+@@ -9714,8 +15212,8 @@
+         return chstr;
+     }
+ }
+-std::string StringMaker<signed char>::convert(signed char c) {
+-    return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(static_cast<char>(c));
++std::string StringMaker<char>::convert(char c) {
++    return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(static_cast<signed char>(c));
+ }
+ std::string StringMaker<unsigned char>::convert(unsigned char c) {
+     return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(static_cast<char>(c));
+@@ -9725,13 +15223,25 @@
+     return "nullptr";
+ }
+ 
++int StringMaker<float>::precision = 5;
++
+ std::string StringMaker<float>::convert(float value) {
+-    return fpToString(value, 5) + 'f';
++    return fpToString(value, precision) + 'f';
+ }
++
++int StringMaker<double>::precision = 10;
++
+ std::string StringMaker<double>::convert(double value) {
+-    return fpToString(value, 10);
++    return fpToString(value, precision);
+ }
+ 
++std::string ratio_string<std::atto>::symbol() { return "a"; }
++std::string ratio_string<std::femto>::symbol() { return "f"; }
++std::string ratio_string<std::pico>::symbol() { return "p"; }
++std::string ratio_string<std::nano>::symbol() { return "n"; }
++std::string ratio_string<std::micro>::symbol() { return "u"; }
++std::string ratio_string<std::milli>::symbol() { return "m"; }
++
+ } // end namespace Catch
+ 
+ #if defined(__clang__)
+@@ -9794,6 +15304,57 @@
+ 
+ }
+ // end catch_totals.cpp
++// start catch_uncaught_exceptions.cpp
++
++// start catch_config_uncaught_exceptions.hpp
++
++//              Copyright Catch2 Authors
++// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
++//   (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
++//        https://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
++
++// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSL-1.0
++
++#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS_HPP
++#define CATCH_CONFIG_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS_HPP
++
++#if defined(_MSC_VER)
++#  if _MSC_VER >= 1900 // Visual Studio 2015 or newer
++#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS
++#  endif
++#endif
++
++#include <exception>
++
++#if defined(__cpp_lib_uncaught_exceptions) \
++    && !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS)
++
++#  define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS
++#endif // __cpp_lib_uncaught_exceptions
++
++#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS) \
++    && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_CPP17_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS) \
++    && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS)
++
++#  define CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS
++#endif
++
++#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS_HPP
++// end catch_config_uncaught_exceptions.hpp
++#include <exception>
++
++namespace Catch {
++    bool uncaught_exceptions() {
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
++        return false;
++#elif defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS)
++        return std::uncaught_exceptions() > 0;
++#else
++        return std::uncaught_exception();
++#endif
++  }
++} // end namespace Catch
++// end catch_uncaught_exceptions.cpp
+ // start catch_version.cpp
+ 
+ #include <ostream>
+@@ -9826,7 +15387,7 @@
+     }
+ 
+     Version const& libraryVersion() {
+-        static Version version( 2, 0, 1, "", 0 );
++        static Version version( 2, 13, 8, "", 0 );
+         return version;
+     }
+ 
+@@ -9839,7 +15400,7 @@
+     WildcardPattern::WildcardPattern( std::string const& pattern,
+                                       CaseSensitive::Choice caseSensitivity )
+     :   m_caseSensitivity( caseSensitivity ),
+-        m_pattern( adjustCase( pattern ) )
++        m_pattern( normaliseString( pattern ) )
+     {
+         if( startsWith( m_pattern, '*' ) ) {
+             m_pattern = m_pattern.substr( 1 );
+@@ -9854,125 +15415,89 @@
+     bool WildcardPattern::matches( std::string const& str ) const {
+         switch( m_wildcard ) {
+             case NoWildcard:
+-                return m_pattern == adjustCase( str );
++                return m_pattern == normaliseString( str );
+             case WildcardAtStart:
+-                return endsWith( adjustCase( str ), m_pattern );
++                return endsWith( normaliseString( str ), m_pattern );
+             case WildcardAtEnd:
+-                return startsWith( adjustCase( str ), m_pattern );
++                return startsWith( normaliseString( str ), m_pattern );
+             case WildcardAtBothEnds:
+-                return contains( adjustCase( str ), m_pattern );
++                return contains( normaliseString( str ), m_pattern );
+             default:
+                 CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR( "Unknown enum" );
+         }
+     }
+ 
+-    std::string WildcardPattern::adjustCase( std::string const& str ) const {
+-        return m_caseSensitivity == CaseSensitive::No ? toLower( str ) : str;
++    std::string WildcardPattern::normaliseString( std::string const& str ) const {
++        return trim( m_caseSensitivity == CaseSensitive::No ? toLower( str ) : str );
+     }
+ }
+ // end catch_wildcard_pattern.cpp
+ // start catch_xmlwriter.cpp
+ 
+-// start catch_xmlwriter.h
+-
+-#include <sstream>
+-#include <vector>
++#include <iomanip>
++#include <type_traits>
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+-    class XmlEncode {
+-    public:
+-        enum ForWhat { ForTextNodes, ForAttributes };
+-
+-        XmlEncode( std::string const& str, ForWhat forWhat = ForTextNodes );
+-
+-        void encodeTo( std::ostream& os ) const;
+-
+-        friend std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, XmlEncode const& xmlEncode );
+-
+-    private:
+-        std::string m_str;
+-        ForWhat m_forWhat;
+-    };
+-
+-    class XmlWriter {
+-    public:
+-
+-        class ScopedElement {
+-        public:
+-            ScopedElement( XmlWriter* writer );
+-
+-            ScopedElement( ScopedElement&& other ) noexcept;
+-            ScopedElement& operator=( ScopedElement&& other ) noexcept;
+-
+-            ~ScopedElement();
+-
+-            ScopedElement& writeText( std::string const& text, bool indent = true );
+-
+-            template<typename T>
+-            ScopedElement& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, T const& attribute ) {
+-                m_writer->writeAttribute( name, attribute );
+-                return *this;
+-            }
+-
+-        private:
+-            mutable XmlWriter* m_writer = nullptr;
+-        };
+-
+-        XmlWriter( std::ostream& os = Catch::cout() );
+-        ~XmlWriter();
+-
+-        XmlWriter( XmlWriter const& ) = delete;
+-        XmlWriter& operator=( XmlWriter const& ) = delete;
+-
+-        XmlWriter& startElement( std::string const& name );
+-
+-        ScopedElement scopedElement( std::string const& name );
+-
+-        XmlWriter& endElement();
+-
+-        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, std::string const& attribute );
+-
+-        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, bool attribute );
++namespace {
+ 
+-        template<typename T>
+-        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, T const& attribute ) {
+-            m_oss.clear();
+-            m_oss.str(std::string());
+-            m_oss << attribute;
+-            return writeAttribute( name, m_oss.str() );
++    size_t trailingBytes(unsigned char c) {
++        if ((c & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
++            return 2;
+         }
++        if ((c & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
++            return 3;
++        }
++        if ((c & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
++            return 4;
++        }
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR("Invalid multibyte utf-8 start byte encountered");
++    }
+ 
+-        XmlWriter& writeText( std::string const& text, bool indent = true );
+-
+-        XmlWriter& writeComment( std::string const& text );
+-
+-        void writeStylesheetRef( std::string const& url );
+-
+-        XmlWriter& writeBlankLine();
+-
+-        void ensureTagClosed();
+-
+-    private:
++    uint32_t headerValue(unsigned char c) {
++        if ((c & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
++            return c & 0x1F;
++        }
++        if ((c & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
++            return c & 0x0F;
++        }
++        if ((c & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
++            return c & 0x07;
++        }
++        CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR("Invalid multibyte utf-8 start byte encountered");
++    }
+ 
+-        void writeDeclaration();
++    void hexEscapeChar(std::ostream& os, unsigned char c) {
++        std::ios_base::fmtflags f(os.flags());
++        os << "\\x"
++            << std::uppercase << std::hex << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2)
++            << static_cast<int>(c);
++        os.flags(f);
++    }
+ 
+-        void newlineIfNecessary();
++    bool shouldNewline(XmlFormatting fmt) {
++        return !!(static_cast<std::underlying_type<XmlFormatting>::type>(fmt & XmlFormatting::Newline));
++    }
+ 
+-        bool m_tagIsOpen = false;
+-        bool m_needsNewline = false;
+-        std::vector<std::string> m_tags;
+-        std::string m_indent;
+-        std::ostream& m_os;
+-        std::ostringstream m_oss;
+-    };
++    bool shouldIndent(XmlFormatting fmt) {
++        return !!(static_cast<std::underlying_type<XmlFormatting>::type>(fmt & XmlFormatting::Indent));
++    }
+ 
+-}
++} // anonymous namespace
+ 
+-// end catch_xmlwriter.h
+-#include <iomanip>
++    XmlFormatting operator | (XmlFormatting lhs, XmlFormatting rhs) {
++        return static_cast<XmlFormatting>(
++            static_cast<std::underlying_type<XmlFormatting>::type>(lhs) |
++            static_cast<std::underlying_type<XmlFormatting>::type>(rhs)
++        );
++    }
+ 
+-namespace Catch {
++    XmlFormatting operator & (XmlFormatting lhs, XmlFormatting rhs) {
++        return static_cast<XmlFormatting>(
++            static_cast<std::underlying_type<XmlFormatting>::type>(lhs) &
++            static_cast<std::underlying_type<XmlFormatting>::type>(rhs)
++        );
++    }
+ 
+     XmlEncode::XmlEncode( std::string const& str, ForWhat forWhat )
+     :   m_str( str ),
+@@ -9980,41 +15505,95 @@
+     {}
+ 
+     void XmlEncode::encodeTo( std::ostream& os ) const {
+-
+         // Apostrophe escaping not necessary if we always use " to write attributes
+         // (see: http://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#syntax)
+ 
+-        for( std::size_t i = 0; i < m_str.size(); ++ i ) {
+-            char c = m_str[i];
+-            switch( c ) {
+-                case '<':   os << "<"; break;
+-                case '&':   os << "&"; break;
+-
+-                case '>':
+-                    // See: http://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#syntax
+-                    if( i > 2 && m_str[i-1] == ']' && m_str[i-2] == ']' )
+-                        os << ">";
+-                    else
+-                        os << c;
++        for( std::size_t idx = 0; idx < m_str.size(); ++ idx ) {
++            unsigned char c = m_str[idx];
++            switch (c) {
++            case '<':   os << "<"; break;
++            case '&':   os << "&"; break;
++
++            case '>':
++                // See: http://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#syntax
++                if (idx > 2 && m_str[idx - 1] == ']' && m_str[idx - 2] == ']')
++                    os << ">";
++                else
++                    os << c;
++                break;
++
++            case '\"':
++                if (m_forWhat == ForAttributes)
++                    os << """;
++                else
++                    os << c;
++                break;
++
++            default:
++                // Check for control characters and invalid utf-8
++
++                // Escape control characters in standard ascii
++                // see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/404107/why-are-control-characters-illegal-in-xml-1-0
++                if (c < 0x09 || (c > 0x0D && c < 0x20) || c == 0x7F) {
++                    hexEscapeChar(os, c);
+                     break;
++                }
+ 
+-                case '\"':
+-                    if( m_forWhat == ForAttributes )
+-                        os << """;
+-                    else
+-                        os << c;
++                // Plain ASCII: Write it to stream
++                if (c < 0x7F) {
++                    os << c;
+                     break;
++                }
+ 
+-                default:
+-                    // Escape control chars - based on contribution by @espenalb in PR #465 and
+-                    // by @mrpi PR #588
+-                    if ( ( c >= 0 && c < '\x09' ) || ( c > '\x0D' && c < '\x20') || c=='\x7F' ) {
+-                        // see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/404107/why-are-control-characters-illegal-in-xml-1-0
+-                        os << "\\x" << std::uppercase << std::hex << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2)
+-                           << static_cast<int>( c );
+-                    }
+-                    else
+-                        os << c;
++                // UTF-8 territory
++                // Check if the encoding is valid and if it is not, hex escape bytes.
++                // Important: We do not check the exact decoded values for validity, only the encoding format
++                // First check that this bytes is a valid lead byte:
++                // This means that it is not encoded as 1111 1XXX
++                // Or as 10XX XXXX
++                if (c <  0xC0 ||
++                    c >= 0xF8) {
++                    hexEscapeChar(os, c);
++                    break;
++                }
++
++                auto encBytes = trailingBytes(c);
++                // Are there enough bytes left to avoid accessing out-of-bounds memory?
++                if (idx + encBytes - 1 >= m_str.size()) {
++                    hexEscapeChar(os, c);
++                    break;
++                }
++                // The header is valid, check data
++                // The next encBytes bytes must together be a valid utf-8
++                // This means: bitpattern 10XX XXXX and the extracted value is sane (ish)
++                bool valid = true;
++                uint32_t value = headerValue(c);
++                for (std::size_t n = 1; n < encBytes; ++n) {
++                    unsigned char nc = m_str[idx + n];
++                    valid &= ((nc & 0xC0) == 0x80);
++                    value = (value << 6) | (nc & 0x3F);
++                }
++
++                if (
++                    // Wrong bit pattern of following bytes
++                    (!valid) ||
++                    // Overlong encodings
++                    (value < 0x80) ||
++                    (0x80 <= value && value < 0x800   && encBytes > 2) ||
++                    (0x800 < value && value < 0x10000 && encBytes > 3) ||
++                    // Encoded value out of range
++                    (value >= 0x110000)
++                    ) {
++                    hexEscapeChar(os, c);
++                    break;
++                }
++
++                // If we got here, this is in fact a valid(ish) utf-8 sequence
++                for (std::size_t n = 0; n < encBytes; ++n) {
++                    os << m_str[idx + n];
++                }
++                idx += encBytes - 1;
++                break;
+             }
+         }
+     }
+@@ -10024,13 +15603,17 @@
+         return os;
+     }
+ 
+-    XmlWriter::ScopedElement::ScopedElement( XmlWriter* writer )
+-    :   m_writer( writer )
++    XmlWriter::ScopedElement::ScopedElement( XmlWriter* writer, XmlFormatting fmt )
++    :   m_writer( writer ),
++        m_fmt(fmt)
+     {}
+ 
+     XmlWriter::ScopedElement::ScopedElement( ScopedElement&& other ) noexcept
+-    :   m_writer( other.m_writer ){
++    :   m_writer( other.m_writer ),
++        m_fmt(other.m_fmt)
++    {
+         other.m_writer = nullptr;
++        other.m_fmt = XmlFormatting::None;
+     }
+     XmlWriter::ScopedElement& XmlWriter::ScopedElement::operator=( ScopedElement&& other ) noexcept {
+         if ( m_writer ) {
+@@ -10038,16 +15621,19 @@
+         }
+         m_writer = other.m_writer;
+         other.m_writer = nullptr;
++        m_fmt = other.m_fmt;
++        other.m_fmt = XmlFormatting::None;
+         return *this;
+     }
+ 
+     XmlWriter::ScopedElement::~ScopedElement() {
+-        if( m_writer )
+-            m_writer->endElement();
++        if (m_writer) {
++            m_writer->endElement(m_fmt);
++        }
+     }
+ 
+-    XmlWriter::ScopedElement& XmlWriter::ScopedElement::writeText( std::string const& text, bool indent ) {
+-        m_writer->writeText( text, indent );
++    XmlWriter::ScopedElement& XmlWriter::ScopedElement::writeText( std::string const& text, XmlFormatting fmt ) {
++        m_writer->writeText( text, fmt );
+         return *this;
+     }
+ 
+@@ -10057,37 +15643,47 @@
+     }
+ 
+     XmlWriter::~XmlWriter() {
+-        while( !m_tags.empty() )
++        while (!m_tags.empty()) {
+             endElement();
++        }
++        newlineIfNecessary();
+     }
+ 
+-    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::startElement( std::string const& name ) {
++    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::startElement( std::string const& name, XmlFormatting fmt ) {
+         ensureTagClosed();
+         newlineIfNecessary();
+-        m_os << m_indent << '<' << name;
++        if (shouldIndent(fmt)) {
++            m_os << m_indent;
++            m_indent += "  ";
++        }
++        m_os << '<' << name;
+         m_tags.push_back( name );
+-        m_indent += "  ";
+         m_tagIsOpen = true;
++        applyFormatting(fmt);
+         return *this;
+     }
+ 
+-    XmlWriter::ScopedElement XmlWriter::scopedElement( std::string const& name ) {
+-        ScopedElement scoped( this );
+-        startElement( name );
++    XmlWriter::ScopedElement XmlWriter::scopedElement( std::string const& name, XmlFormatting fmt ) {
++        ScopedElement scoped( this, fmt );
++        startElement( name, fmt );
+         return scoped;
+     }
+ 
+-    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::endElement() {
+-        newlineIfNecessary();
+-        m_indent = m_indent.substr( 0, m_indent.size()-2 );
++    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::endElement(XmlFormatting fmt) {
++        m_indent = m_indent.substr(0, m_indent.size() - 2);
++
+         if( m_tagIsOpen ) {
+             m_os << "/>";
+             m_tagIsOpen = false;
++        } else {
++            newlineIfNecessary();
++            if (shouldIndent(fmt)) {
++                m_os << m_indent;
++            }
++            m_os << "</" << m_tags.back() << ">";
+         }
+-        else {
+-            m_os << m_indent << "</" << m_tags.back() << ">";
+-        }
+-        m_os << std::endl;
++        m_os << std::flush;
++        applyFormatting(fmt);
+         m_tags.pop_back();
+         return *this;
+     }
+@@ -10103,22 +15699,26 @@
+         return *this;
+     }
+ 
+-    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeText( std::string const& text, bool indent ) {
++    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeText( std::string const& text, XmlFormatting fmt) {
+         if( !text.empty() ){
+             bool tagWasOpen = m_tagIsOpen;
+             ensureTagClosed();
+-            if( tagWasOpen && indent )
++            if (tagWasOpen && shouldIndent(fmt)) {
+                 m_os << m_indent;
++            }
+             m_os << XmlEncode( text );
+-            m_needsNewline = true;
++            applyFormatting(fmt);
+         }
+         return *this;
+     }
+ 
+-    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeComment( std::string const& text ) {
++    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeComment( std::string const& text, XmlFormatting fmt) {
+         ensureTagClosed();
+-        m_os << m_indent << "<!--" << text << "-->";
+-        m_needsNewline = true;
++        if (shouldIndent(fmt)) {
++            m_os << m_indent;
++        }
++        m_os << "<!--" << text << "-->";
++        applyFormatting(fmt);
+         return *this;
+     }
+ 
+@@ -10134,11 +15734,16 @@
+ 
+     void XmlWriter::ensureTagClosed() {
+         if( m_tagIsOpen ) {
+-            m_os << ">" << std::endl;
++            m_os << '>' << std::flush;
++            newlineIfNecessary();
+             m_tagIsOpen = false;
+         }
+     }
+ 
++    void XmlWriter::applyFormatting(XmlFormatting fmt) {
++        m_needsNewline = shouldNewline(fmt);
++    }
++
+     void XmlWriter::writeDeclaration() {
+         m_os << "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n";
+     }
+@@ -10156,7 +15761,7 @@
+ #include <cstring>
+ #include <cfloat>
+ #include <cstdio>
+-#include <assert.h>
++#include <cassert>
+ #include <memory>
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+@@ -10179,14 +15784,44 @@
+ #ifdef _MSC_VER
+         sprintf_s(buffer, "%.3f", duration);
+ #else
+-        sprintf(buffer, "%.3f", duration);
++        std::sprintf(buffer, "%.3f", duration);
+ #endif
+         return std::string(buffer);
+     }
+ 
++    bool shouldShowDuration( IConfig const& config, double duration ) {
++        if ( config.showDurations() == ShowDurations::Always ) {
++            return true;
++        }
++        if ( config.showDurations() == ShowDurations::Never ) {
++            return false;
++        }
++        const double min = config.minDuration();
++        return min >= 0 && duration >= min;
++    }
++
++    std::string serializeFilters( std::vector<std::string> const& container ) {
++        ReusableStringStream oss;
++        bool first = true;
++        for (auto&& filter : container)
++        {
++            if (!first)
++                oss << ' ';
++            else
++                first = false;
++
++            oss << filter;
++        }
++        return oss.str();
++    }
++
+     TestEventListenerBase::TestEventListenerBase(ReporterConfig const & _config)
+         :StreamingReporterBase(_config) {}
+ 
++    std::set<Verbosity> TestEventListenerBase::getSupportedVerbosities() {
++        return { Verbosity::Quiet, Verbosity::Normal, Verbosity::High };
++    }
++
+     void TestEventListenerBase::assertionStarting(AssertionInfo const &) {}
+ 
+     bool TestEventListenerBase::assertionEnded(AssertionStats const &) {
+@@ -10214,33 +15849,230 @@
+         return count == 1 ? std::string() :
+                count == 2 ? "both " : "all " ;
+     }
+-}
++
++} // anon namespace
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
++namespace {
++// Colour, message variants:
++// - white: No tests ran.
++// -   red: Failed [both/all] N test cases, failed [both/all] M assertions.
++// - white: Passed [both/all] N test cases (no assertions).
++// -   red: Failed N tests cases, failed M assertions.
++// - green: Passed [both/all] N tests cases with M assertions.
++void printTotals(std::ostream& out, const Totals& totals) {
++    if (totals.testCases.total() == 0) {
++        out << "No tests ran.";
++    } else if (totals.testCases.failed == totals.testCases.total()) {
++        Colour colour(Colour::ResultError);
++        const std::string qualify_assertions_failed =
++            totals.assertions.failed == totals.assertions.total() ?
++            bothOrAll(totals.assertions.failed) : std::string();
++        out <<
++            "Failed " << bothOrAll(totals.testCases.failed)
++            << pluralise(totals.testCases.failed, "test case") << ", "
++            "failed " << qualify_assertions_failed <<
++            pluralise(totals.assertions.failed, "assertion") << '.';
++    } else if (totals.assertions.total() == 0) {
++        out <<
++            "Passed " << bothOrAll(totals.testCases.total())
++            << pluralise(totals.testCases.total(), "test case")
++            << " (no assertions).";
++    } else if (totals.assertions.failed) {
++        Colour colour(Colour::ResultError);
++        out <<
++            "Failed " << pluralise(totals.testCases.failed, "test case") << ", "
++            "failed " << pluralise(totals.assertions.failed, "assertion") << '.';
++    } else {
++        Colour colour(Colour::ResultSuccess);
++        out <<
++            "Passed " << bothOrAll(totals.testCases.passed)
++            << pluralise(totals.testCases.passed, "test case") <<
++            " with " << pluralise(totals.assertions.passed, "assertion") << '.';
++    }
++}
+ 
+-    struct CompactReporter : StreamingReporterBase<CompactReporter> {
++// Implementation of CompactReporter formatting
++class AssertionPrinter {
++public:
++    AssertionPrinter& operator= (AssertionPrinter const&) = delete;
++    AssertionPrinter(AssertionPrinter const&) = delete;
++    AssertionPrinter(std::ostream& _stream, AssertionStats const& _stats, bool _printInfoMessages)
++        : stream(_stream)
++        , result(_stats.assertionResult)
++        , messages(_stats.infoMessages)
++        , itMessage(_stats.infoMessages.begin())
++        , printInfoMessages(_printInfoMessages) {}
++
++    void print() {
++        printSourceInfo();
++
++        itMessage = messages.begin();
++
++        switch (result.getResultType()) {
++        case ResultWas::Ok:
++            printResultType(Colour::ResultSuccess, passedString());
++            printOriginalExpression();
++            printReconstructedExpression();
++            if (!result.hasExpression())
++                printRemainingMessages(Colour::None);
++            else
++                printRemainingMessages();
++            break;
++        case ResultWas::ExpressionFailed:
++            if (result.isOk())
++                printResultType(Colour::ResultSuccess, failedString() + std::string(" - but was ok"));
++            else
++                printResultType(Colour::Error, failedString());
++            printOriginalExpression();
++            printReconstructedExpression();
++            printRemainingMessages();
++            break;
++        case ResultWas::ThrewException:
++            printResultType(Colour::Error, failedString());
++            printIssue("unexpected exception with message:");
++            printMessage();
++            printExpressionWas();
++            printRemainingMessages();
++            break;
++        case ResultWas::FatalErrorCondition:
++            printResultType(Colour::Error, failedString());
++            printIssue("fatal error condition with message:");
++            printMessage();
++            printExpressionWas();
++            printRemainingMessages();
++            break;
++        case ResultWas::DidntThrowException:
++            printResultType(Colour::Error, failedString());
++            printIssue("expected exception, got none");
++            printExpressionWas();
++            printRemainingMessages();
++            break;
++        case ResultWas::Info:
++            printResultType(Colour::None, "info");
++            printMessage();
++            printRemainingMessages();
++            break;
++        case ResultWas::Warning:
++            printResultType(Colour::None, "warning");
++            printMessage();
++            printRemainingMessages();
++            break;
++        case ResultWas::ExplicitFailure:
++            printResultType(Colour::Error, failedString());
++            printIssue("explicitly");
++            printRemainingMessages(Colour::None);
++            break;
++            // These cases are here to prevent compiler warnings
++        case ResultWas::Unknown:
++        case ResultWas::FailureBit:
++        case ResultWas::Exception:
++            printResultType(Colour::Error, "** internal error **");
++            break;
++        }
++    }
+ 
+-        using StreamingReporterBase::StreamingReporterBase;
++private:
++    void printSourceInfo() const {
++        Colour colourGuard(Colour::FileName);
++        stream << result.getSourceInfo() << ':';
++    }
+ 
+-        ~CompactReporter() override;
++    void printResultType(Colour::Code colour, std::string const& passOrFail) const {
++        if (!passOrFail.empty()) {
++            {
++                Colour colourGuard(colour);
++                stream << ' ' << passOrFail;
++            }
++            stream << ':';
++        }
++    }
+ 
+-        static std::string getDescription() {
+-            return "Reports test results on a single line, suitable for IDEs";
++    void printIssue(std::string const& issue) const {
++        stream << ' ' << issue;
++    }
++
++    void printExpressionWas() {
++        if (result.hasExpression()) {
++            stream << ';';
++            {
++                Colour colour(dimColour());
++                stream << " expression was:";
++            }
++            printOriginalExpression();
+         }
++    }
+ 
+-        ReporterPreferences getPreferences() const override {
+-            ReporterPreferences prefs;
+-            prefs.shouldRedirectStdOut = false;
+-            return prefs;
++    void printOriginalExpression() const {
++        if (result.hasExpression()) {
++            stream << ' ' << result.getExpression();
++        }
++    }
++
++    void printReconstructedExpression() const {
++        if (result.hasExpandedExpression()) {
++            {
++                Colour colour(dimColour());
++                stream << " for: ";
++            }
++            stream << result.getExpandedExpression();
+         }
++    }
+ 
+-        void noMatchingTestCases( std::string const& spec ) override {
++    void printMessage() {
++        if (itMessage != messages.end()) {
++            stream << " '" << itMessage->message << '\'';
++            ++itMessage;
++        }
++    }
++
++    void printRemainingMessages(Colour::Code colour = dimColour()) {
++        if (itMessage == messages.end())
++            return;
++
++        const auto itEnd = messages.cend();
++        const auto N = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::distance(itMessage, itEnd));
++
++        {
++            Colour colourGuard(colour);
++            stream << " with " << pluralise(N, "message") << ':';
++        }
++
++        while (itMessage != itEnd) {
++            // If this assertion is a warning ignore any INFO messages
++            if (printInfoMessages || itMessage->type != ResultWas::Info) {
++                printMessage();
++                if (itMessage != itEnd) {
++                    Colour colourGuard(dimColour());
++                    stream << " and";
++                }
++                continue;
++            }
++            ++itMessage;
++        }
++    }
++
++private:
++    std::ostream& stream;
++    AssertionResult const& result;
++    std::vector<MessageInfo> messages;
++    std::vector<MessageInfo>::const_iterator itMessage;
++    bool printInfoMessages;
++};
++
++} // anon namespace
++
++        std::string CompactReporter::getDescription() {
++            return "Reports test results on a single line, suitable for IDEs";
++        }
++
++        void CompactReporter::noMatchingTestCases( std::string const& spec ) {
+             stream << "No test cases matched '" << spec << '\'' << std::endl;
+         }
+ 
+-        void assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& ) override {}
++        void CompactReporter::assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& ) {}
+ 
+-        bool assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& _assertionStats ) override {
++        bool CompactReporter::assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& _assertionStats ) {
+             AssertionResult const& result = _assertionStats.assertionResult;
+ 
+             bool printInfoMessages = true;
+@@ -10259,231 +16091,20 @@
+             return true;
+         }
+ 
+-        void sectionEnded(SectionStats const& _sectionStats) override {
+-            if (m_config->showDurations() == ShowDurations::Always) {
+-                stream << getFormattedDuration(_sectionStats.durationInSeconds) << " s: " << _sectionStats.sectionInfo.name << std::endl;
++        void CompactReporter::sectionEnded(SectionStats const& _sectionStats) {
++            double dur = _sectionStats.durationInSeconds;
++            if ( shouldShowDuration( *m_config, dur ) ) {
++                stream << getFormattedDuration( dur ) << " s: " << _sectionStats.sectionInfo.name << std::endl;
+             }
+         }
+ 
+-        void testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& _testRunStats ) override {
+-            printTotals( _testRunStats.totals );
++        void CompactReporter::testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& _testRunStats ) {
++            printTotals( stream, _testRunStats.totals );
+             stream << '\n' << std::endl;
+             StreamingReporterBase::testRunEnded( _testRunStats );
+         }
+ 
+-    private:
+-        class AssertionPrinter {
+-        public:
+-            AssertionPrinter& operator= ( AssertionPrinter const& ) = delete;
+-            AssertionPrinter( AssertionPrinter const& ) = delete;
+-            AssertionPrinter( std::ostream& _stream, AssertionStats const& _stats, bool _printInfoMessages )
+-            : stream( _stream )
+-            , result( _stats.assertionResult )
+-            , messages( _stats.infoMessages )
+-            , itMessage( _stats.infoMessages.begin() )
+-            , printInfoMessages( _printInfoMessages )
+-            {}
+-
+-            void print() {
+-                printSourceInfo();
+-
+-                itMessage = messages.begin();
+-
+-                switch( result.getResultType() ) {
+-                    case ResultWas::Ok:
+-                        printResultType( Colour::ResultSuccess, passedString() );
+-                        printOriginalExpression();
+-                        printReconstructedExpression();
+-                        if ( ! result.hasExpression() )
+-                            printRemainingMessages( Colour::None );
+-                        else
+-                            printRemainingMessages();
+-                        break;
+-                    case ResultWas::ExpressionFailed:
+-                        if( result.isOk() )
+-                            printResultType( Colour::ResultSuccess, failedString() + std::string( " - but was ok" ) );
+-                        else
+-                            printResultType( Colour::Error, failedString() );
+-                        printOriginalExpression();
+-                        printReconstructedExpression();
+-                        printRemainingMessages();
+-                        break;
+-                    case ResultWas::ThrewException:
+-                        printResultType( Colour::Error, failedString() );
+-                        printIssue( "unexpected exception with message:" );
+-                        printMessage();
+-                        printExpressionWas();
+-                        printRemainingMessages();
+-                        break;
+-                    case ResultWas::FatalErrorCondition:
+-                        printResultType( Colour::Error, failedString() );
+-                        printIssue( "fatal error condition with message:" );
+-                        printMessage();
+-                        printExpressionWas();
+-                        printRemainingMessages();
+-                        break;
+-                    case ResultWas::DidntThrowException:
+-                        printResultType( Colour::Error, failedString() );
+-                        printIssue( "expected exception, got none" );
+-                        printExpressionWas();
+-                        printRemainingMessages();
+-                        break;
+-                    case ResultWas::Info:
+-                        printResultType( Colour::None, "info" );
+-                        printMessage();
+-                        printRemainingMessages();
+-                        break;
+-                    case ResultWas::Warning:
+-                        printResultType( Colour::None, "warning" );
+-                        printMessage();
+-                        printRemainingMessages();
+-                        break;
+-                    case ResultWas::ExplicitFailure:
+-                        printResultType( Colour::Error, failedString() );
+-                        printIssue( "explicitly" );
+-                        printRemainingMessages( Colour::None );
+-                        break;
+-                    // These cases are here to prevent compiler warnings
+-                    case ResultWas::Unknown:
+-                    case ResultWas::FailureBit:
+-                    case ResultWas::Exception:
+-                        printResultType( Colour::Error, "** internal error **" );
+-                        break;
+-                }
+-            }
+-
+-        private:
+-            void printSourceInfo() const {
+-                Colour colourGuard( Colour::FileName );
+-                stream << result.getSourceInfo() << ':';
+-            }
+-
+-            void printResultType( Colour::Code colour, std::string const& passOrFail ) const {
+-                if( !passOrFail.empty() ) {
+-                    {
+-                        Colour colourGuard( colour );
+-                        stream << ' ' << passOrFail;
+-                    }
+-                    stream << ':';
+-                }
+-            }
+-
+-            void printIssue( std::string const& issue ) const {
+-                stream << ' ' << issue;
+-            }
+-
+-            void printExpressionWas() {
+-                if( result.hasExpression() ) {
+-                    stream << ';';
+-                    {
+-                        Colour colour( dimColour() );
+-                        stream << " expression was:";
+-                    }
+-                    printOriginalExpression();
+-                }
+-            }
+-
+-            void printOriginalExpression() const {
+-                if( result.hasExpression() ) {
+-                    stream << ' ' << result.getExpression();
+-                }
+-            }
+-
+-            void printReconstructedExpression() const {
+-                if( result.hasExpandedExpression() ) {
+-                    {
+-                        Colour colour( dimColour() );
+-                        stream << " for: ";
+-                    }
+-                    stream << result.getExpandedExpression();
+-                }
+-            }
+-
+-            void printMessage() {
+-                if ( itMessage != messages.end() ) {
+-                    stream << " '" << itMessage->message << '\'';
+-                    ++itMessage;
+-                }
+-            }
+-
+-            void printRemainingMessages( Colour::Code colour = dimColour() ) {
+-                if ( itMessage == messages.end() )
+-                    return;
+-
+-                // using messages.end() directly yields (or auto) compilation error:
+-                std::vector<MessageInfo>::const_iterator itEnd = messages.end();
+-                const std::size_t N = static_cast<std::size_t>( std::distance( itMessage, itEnd ) );
+-
+-                {
+-                    Colour colourGuard( colour );
+-                    stream << " with " << pluralise( N, "message" ) << ':';
+-                }
+-
+-                for(; itMessage != itEnd; ) {
+-                    // If this assertion is a warning ignore any INFO messages
+-                    if( printInfoMessages || itMessage->type != ResultWas::Info ) {
+-                        stream << " '" << itMessage->message << '\'';
+-                        if ( ++itMessage != itEnd ) {
+-                            Colour colourGuard( dimColour() );
+-                            stream << " and";
+-                        }
+-                    }
+-                }
+-            }
+-
+-        private:
+-            std::ostream& stream;
+-            AssertionResult const& result;
+-            std::vector<MessageInfo> messages;
+-            std::vector<MessageInfo>::const_iterator itMessage;
+-            bool printInfoMessages;
+-        };
+-
+-        // Colour, message variants:
+-        // - white: No tests ran.
+-        // -   red: Failed [both/all] N test cases, failed [both/all] M assertions.
+-        // - white: Passed [both/all] N test cases (no assertions).
+-        // -   red: Failed N tests cases, failed M assertions.
+-        // - green: Passed [both/all] N tests cases with M assertions.
+-
+-        void printTotals( const Totals& totals ) const {
+-            if( totals.testCases.total() == 0 ) {
+-                stream << "No tests ran.";
+-            }
+-            else if( totals.testCases.failed == totals.testCases.total() ) {
+-                Colour colour( Colour::ResultError );
+-                const std::string qualify_assertions_failed =
+-                    totals.assertions.failed == totals.assertions.total() ?
+-                        bothOrAll( totals.assertions.failed ) : std::string();
+-                stream <<
+-                    "Failed " << bothOrAll( totals.testCases.failed )
+-                              << pluralise( totals.testCases.failed, "test case"  ) << ", "
+-                    "failed " << qualify_assertions_failed <<
+-                                 pluralise( totals.assertions.failed, "assertion" ) << '.';
+-            }
+-            else if( totals.assertions.total() == 0 ) {
+-                stream <<
+-                    "Passed " << bothOrAll( totals.testCases.total() )
+-                              << pluralise( totals.testCases.total(), "test case" )
+-                              << " (no assertions).";
+-            }
+-            else if( totals.assertions.failed ) {
+-                Colour colour( Colour::ResultError );
+-                stream <<
+-                    "Failed " << pluralise( totals.testCases.failed, "test case"  ) << ", "
+-                    "failed " << pluralise( totals.assertions.failed, "assertion" ) << '.';
+-            }
+-            else {
+-                Colour colour( Colour::ResultSuccess );
+-                stream <<
+-                    "Passed " << bothOrAll( totals.testCases.passed )
+-                              << pluralise( totals.testCases.passed, "test case"  ) <<
+-                    " with "  << pluralise( totals.assertions.passed, "assertion" ) << '.';
+-            }
+-        }
+-    };
+-
+-    CompactReporter::~CompactReporter() {}
++        CompactReporter::~CompactReporter() {}
+ 
+     CATCH_REGISTER_REPORTER( "compact", CompactReporter )
+ 
+@@ -10497,642 +16118,689 @@
+ #if defined(_MSC_VER)
+ #pragma warning(push)
+ #pragma warning(disable:4061) // Not all labels are EXPLICITLY handled in switch
+-                              // Note that 4062 (not all labels are handled
+-                              // and default is missing) is enabled
++ // Note that 4062 (not all labels are handled and default is missing) is enabled
++#endif
++
++#if defined(__clang__)
++#  pragma clang diagnostic push
++// For simplicity, benchmarking-only helpers are always enabled
++#  pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
+ #endif
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+-    namespace {
+-        std::size_t makeRatio( std::size_t number, std::size_t total ) {
+-            std::size_t ratio = total > 0 ? CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH * number/ total : 0;
+-            return ( ratio == 0 && number > 0 ) ? 1 : ratio;
+-        }
++namespace {
+ 
+-        std::size_t& findMax( std::size_t& i, std::size_t& j, std::size_t& k ) {
+-            if( i > j && i > k )
+-                return i;
+-            else if( j > k )
+-                return j;
+-            else
+-                return k;
++// Formatter impl for ConsoleReporter
++class ConsoleAssertionPrinter {
++public:
++    ConsoleAssertionPrinter& operator= (ConsoleAssertionPrinter const&) = delete;
++    ConsoleAssertionPrinter(ConsoleAssertionPrinter const&) = delete;
++    ConsoleAssertionPrinter(std::ostream& _stream, AssertionStats const& _stats, bool _printInfoMessages)
++        : stream(_stream),
++        stats(_stats),
++        result(_stats.assertionResult),
++        colour(Colour::None),
++        message(result.getMessage()),
++        messages(_stats.infoMessages),
++        printInfoMessages(_printInfoMessages) {
++        switch (result.getResultType()) {
++        case ResultWas::Ok:
++            colour = Colour::Success;
++            passOrFail = "PASSED";
++            //if( result.hasMessage() )
++            if (_stats.infoMessages.size() == 1)
++                messageLabel = "with message";
++            if (_stats.infoMessages.size() > 1)
++                messageLabel = "with messages";
++            break;
++        case ResultWas::ExpressionFailed:
++            if (result.isOk()) {
++                colour = Colour::Success;
++                passOrFail = "FAILED - but was ok";
++            } else {
++                colour = Colour::Error;
++                passOrFail = "FAILED";
++            }
++            if (_stats.infoMessages.size() == 1)
++                messageLabel = "with message";
++            if (_stats.infoMessages.size() > 1)
++                messageLabel = "with messages";
++            break;
++        case ResultWas::ThrewException:
++            colour = Colour::Error;
++            passOrFail = "FAILED";
++            messageLabel = "due to unexpected exception with ";
++            if (_stats.infoMessages.size() == 1)
++                messageLabel += "message";
++            if (_stats.infoMessages.size() > 1)
++                messageLabel += "messages";
++            break;
++        case ResultWas::FatalErrorCondition:
++            colour = Colour::Error;
++            passOrFail = "FAILED";
++            messageLabel = "due to a fatal error condition";
++            break;
++        case ResultWas::DidntThrowException:
++            colour = Colour::Error;
++            passOrFail = "FAILED";
++            messageLabel = "because no exception was thrown where one was expected";
++            break;
++        case ResultWas::Info:
++            messageLabel = "info";
++            break;
++        case ResultWas::Warning:
++            messageLabel = "warning";
++            break;
++        case ResultWas::ExplicitFailure:
++            passOrFail = "FAILED";
++            colour = Colour::Error;
++            if (_stats.infoMessages.size() == 1)
++                messageLabel = "explicitly with message";
++            if (_stats.infoMessages.size() > 1)
++                messageLabel = "explicitly with messages";
++            break;
++            // These cases are here to prevent compiler warnings
++        case ResultWas::Unknown:
++        case ResultWas::FailureBit:
++        case ResultWas::Exception:
++            passOrFail = "** internal error **";
++            colour = Colour::Error;
++            break;
+         }
++    }
+ 
+-        struct ColumnInfo {
+-            enum Justification { Left, Right };
+-            std::string name;
+-            int width;
+-            Justification justification;
+-        };
+-        struct ColumnBreak {};
+-        struct RowBreak {};
+-
+-        class TablePrinter {
+-            std::ostream& m_os;
+-            std::vector<ColumnInfo> m_columnInfos;
+-            std::ostringstream m_oss;
+-            int m_currentColumn = -1;
+-            bool m_isOpen = false;
++    void print() const {
++        printSourceInfo();
++        if (stats.totals.assertions.total() > 0) {
++            printResultType();
++            printOriginalExpression();
++            printReconstructedExpression();
++        } else {
++            stream << '\n';
++        }
++        printMessage();
++    }
+ 
+-        public:
+-            TablePrinter( std::ostream& os, std::vector<ColumnInfo> const& columnInfos )
+-            :   m_os( os ),
+-                m_columnInfos( columnInfos )
+-            {}
++private:
++    void printResultType() const {
++        if (!passOrFail.empty()) {
++            Colour colourGuard(colour);
++            stream << passOrFail << ":\n";
++        }
++    }
++    void printOriginalExpression() const {
++        if (result.hasExpression()) {
++            Colour colourGuard(Colour::OriginalExpression);
++            stream << "  ";
++            stream << result.getExpressionInMacro();
++            stream << '\n';
++        }
++    }
++    void printReconstructedExpression() const {
++        if (result.hasExpandedExpression()) {
++            stream << "with expansion:\n";
++            Colour colourGuard(Colour::ReconstructedExpression);
++            stream << Column(result.getExpandedExpression()).indent(2) << '\n';
++        }
++    }
++    void printMessage() const {
++        if (!messageLabel.empty())
++            stream << messageLabel << ':' << '\n';
++        for (auto const& msg : messages) {
++            // If this assertion is a warning ignore any INFO messages
++            if (printInfoMessages || msg.type != ResultWas::Info)
++                stream << Column(msg.message).indent(2) << '\n';
++        }
++    }
++    void printSourceInfo() const {
++        Colour colourGuard(Colour::FileName);
++        stream << result.getSourceInfo() << ": ";
++    }
++
++    std::ostream& stream;
++    AssertionStats const& stats;
++    AssertionResult const& result;
++    Colour::Code colour;
++    std::string passOrFail;
++    std::string messageLabel;
++    std::string message;
++    std::vector<MessageInfo> messages;
++    bool printInfoMessages;
++};
+ 
+-            auto columnInfos() const -> std::vector<ColumnInfo> const& {
+-                return m_columnInfos;
+-            }
++std::size_t makeRatio(std::size_t number, std::size_t total) {
++    std::size_t ratio = total > 0 ? CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH * number / total : 0;
++    return (ratio == 0 && number > 0) ? 1 : ratio;
++}
++
++std::size_t& findMax(std::size_t& i, std::size_t& j, std::size_t& k) {
++    if (i > j && i > k)
++        return i;
++    else if (j > k)
++        return j;
++    else
++        return k;
++}
++
++struct ColumnInfo {
++    enum Justification { Left, Right };
++    std::string name;
++    int width;
++    Justification justification;
++};
++struct ColumnBreak {};
++struct RowBreak {};
+ 
+-            void open() {
+-                if( !m_isOpen ) {
+-                    m_isOpen = true;
+-                    *this << RowBreak();
+-                    for( auto const& info : m_columnInfos )
+-                        *this << info.name << ColumnBreak();
+-                    *this << RowBreak();
+-                    m_os << Catch::getLineOfChars<'-'>() << "\n";
+-                }
+-            }
+-            void close() {
+-                if( m_isOpen ) {
+-                    *this << RowBreak();
+-                    m_os << std::endl;
+-                    m_isOpen = false;
+-                }
+-            }
++class Duration {
++    enum class Unit {
++        Auto,
++        Nanoseconds,
++        Microseconds,
++        Milliseconds,
++        Seconds,
++        Minutes
++    };
++    static const uint64_t s_nanosecondsInAMicrosecond = 1000;
++    static const uint64_t s_nanosecondsInAMillisecond = 1000 * s_nanosecondsInAMicrosecond;
++    static const uint64_t s_nanosecondsInASecond = 1000 * s_nanosecondsInAMillisecond;
++    static const uint64_t s_nanosecondsInAMinute = 60 * s_nanosecondsInASecond;
+ 
+-            template<typename T>
+-            friend TablePrinter& operator << ( TablePrinter& tp, T const& value ) {
+-                tp.m_oss << value;
+-                return tp;
+-            }
+-
+-            friend TablePrinter& operator << ( TablePrinter& tp, ColumnBreak ) {
+-                auto colStr = tp.m_oss.str();
+-                // This takes account of utf8 encodings
+-                auto strSize = Catch::StringRef( colStr ).numberOfCharacters();
+-                tp.m_oss.str("");
+-                tp.open();
+-                if( tp.m_currentColumn == static_cast<int>(tp.m_columnInfos.size()-1) ) {
+-                    tp.m_currentColumn = -1;
+-                    tp.m_os << "\n";
+-                }
+-                tp.m_currentColumn++;
+-
+-                auto colInfo = tp.m_columnInfos[tp.m_currentColumn];
+-                auto padding = ( strSize+2 < static_cast<std::size_t>( colInfo.width ) )
+-                    ? std::string( colInfo.width-(strSize+2), ' ' )
+-                    : std::string();
+-                if( colInfo.justification == ColumnInfo::Left )
+-                    tp.m_os << colStr << padding << " ";
+-                else
+-                    tp.m_os << padding << colStr << " ";
+-                return tp;
+-            }
++    double m_inNanoseconds;
++    Unit m_units;
+ 
+-            friend TablePrinter& operator << ( TablePrinter& tp, RowBreak ) {
+-                if( tp.m_currentColumn > 0 ) {
+-                    tp.m_os << "\n";
+-                    tp.m_currentColumn = -1;
+-                }
+-                return tp;
+-            }
+-        };
++public:
++    explicit Duration(double inNanoseconds, Unit units = Unit::Auto)
++        : m_inNanoseconds(inNanoseconds),
++        m_units(units) {
++        if (m_units == Unit::Auto) {
++            if (m_inNanoseconds < s_nanosecondsInAMicrosecond)
++                m_units = Unit::Nanoseconds;
++            else if (m_inNanoseconds < s_nanosecondsInAMillisecond)
++                m_units = Unit::Microseconds;
++            else if (m_inNanoseconds < s_nanosecondsInASecond)
++                m_units = Unit::Milliseconds;
++            else if (m_inNanoseconds < s_nanosecondsInAMinute)
++                m_units = Unit::Seconds;
++            else
++                m_units = Unit::Minutes;
++        }
+ 
+-        class Duration {
+-            enum class Unit {
+-                Auto,
+-                Nanoseconds,
+-                Microseconds,
+-                Milliseconds,
+-                Seconds,
+-                Minutes
+-            };
+-            static const uint64_t s_nanosecondsInAMicrosecond = 1000;
+-            static const uint64_t s_nanosecondsInAMillisecond = 1000*s_nanosecondsInAMicrosecond;
+-            static const uint64_t s_nanosecondsInASecond = 1000*s_nanosecondsInAMillisecond;
+-            static const uint64_t s_nanosecondsInAMinute = 60*s_nanosecondsInASecond;
++    }
+ 
+-            uint64_t m_inNanoseconds;
+-            Unit m_units;
++    auto value() const -> double {
++        switch (m_units) {
++        case Unit::Microseconds:
++            return m_inNanoseconds / static_cast<double>(s_nanosecondsInAMicrosecond);
++        case Unit::Milliseconds:
++            return m_inNanoseconds / static_cast<double>(s_nanosecondsInAMillisecond);
++        case Unit::Seconds:
++            return m_inNanoseconds / static_cast<double>(s_nanosecondsInASecond);
++        case Unit::Minutes:
++            return m_inNanoseconds / static_cast<double>(s_nanosecondsInAMinute);
++        default:
++            return m_inNanoseconds;
++        }
++    }
++    auto unitsAsString() const -> std::string {
++        switch (m_units) {
++        case Unit::Nanoseconds:
++            return "ns";
++        case Unit::Microseconds:
++            return "us";
++        case Unit::Milliseconds:
++            return "ms";
++        case Unit::Seconds:
++            return "s";
++        case Unit::Minutes:
++            return "m";
++        default:
++            return "** internal error **";
++        }
+ 
+-        public:
+-            Duration( uint64_t inNanoseconds, Unit units = Unit::Auto )
+-            :   m_inNanoseconds( inNanoseconds ),
+-                m_units( units )
+-            {
+-                if( m_units == Unit::Auto ) {
+-                    if( m_inNanoseconds < s_nanosecondsInAMicrosecond )
+-                        m_units = Unit::Nanoseconds;
+-                    else if( m_inNanoseconds < s_nanosecondsInAMillisecond )
+-                        m_units = Unit::Microseconds;
+-                    else if( m_inNanoseconds < s_nanosecondsInASecond )
+-                        m_units = Unit::Milliseconds;
+-                    else if( m_inNanoseconds < s_nanosecondsInAMinute )
+-                        m_units = Unit::Seconds;
+-                    else
+-                        m_units = Unit::Minutes;
+-                }
++    }
++    friend auto operator << (std::ostream& os, Duration const& duration) -> std::ostream& {
++        return os << duration.value() << ' ' << duration.unitsAsString();
++    }
++};
++} // end anon namespace
+ 
+-            }
++class TablePrinter {
++    std::ostream& m_os;
++    std::vector<ColumnInfo> m_columnInfos;
++    std::ostringstream m_oss;
++    int m_currentColumn = -1;
++    bool m_isOpen = false;
+ 
+-            auto value() const -> double {
+-                switch( m_units ) {
+-                    case Unit::Microseconds:
+-                        return m_inNanoseconds / static_cast<double>( s_nanosecondsInAMicrosecond );
+-                    case Unit::Milliseconds:
+-                        return m_inNanoseconds / static_cast<double>( s_nanosecondsInAMillisecond );
+-                    case Unit::Seconds:
+-                        return m_inNanoseconds / static_cast<double>( s_nanosecondsInASecond );
+-                    case Unit::Minutes:
+-                        return m_inNanoseconds / static_cast<double>( s_nanosecondsInAMinute );
+-                    default:
+-                        return static_cast<double>( m_inNanoseconds );
+-                }
+-            }
+-            auto unitsAsString() const -> std::string {
+-                switch( m_units ) {
+-                    case Unit::Nanoseconds:
+-                        return "ns";
+-                    case Unit::Microseconds:
+-                        return "µs";
+-                    case Unit::Milliseconds:
+-                        return "ms";
+-                    case Unit::Seconds:
+-                        return "s";
+-                    case Unit::Minutes:
+-                        return "m";
+-                    default:
+-                        return "** internal error **";
+-                }
++public:
++    TablePrinter( std::ostream& os, std::vector<ColumnInfo> columnInfos )
++    :   m_os( os ),
++        m_columnInfos( std::move( columnInfos ) ) {}
+ 
+-            }
+-            friend auto operator << ( std::ostream& os, Duration const& duration ) -> std::ostream& {
+-                return os << duration.value() << " " << duration.unitsAsString();
+-            }
+-        };
+-    } // end anon namespace
++    auto columnInfos() const -> std::vector<ColumnInfo> const& {
++        return m_columnInfos;
++    }
+ 
+-    struct ConsoleReporter : StreamingReporterBase<ConsoleReporter> {
+-        TablePrinter m_tablePrinter;
++    void open() {
++        if (!m_isOpen) {
++            m_isOpen = true;
++            *this << RowBreak();
+ 
+-        ConsoleReporter( ReporterConfig const& config )
+-        :   StreamingReporterBase( config ),
+-            m_tablePrinter( config.stream(),
+-                            {
+-                                { "benchmark name", CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH-32, ColumnInfo::Left },
+-                                { "iters", 8, ColumnInfo::Right },
+-                                { "elapsed ns", 14, ColumnInfo::Right },
+-                                { "average", 14, ColumnInfo::Right }
+-                            } )
+-        {}
+-        ~ConsoleReporter() override;
+-        static std::string getDescription() {
+-            return "Reports test results as plain lines of text";
+-        }
++			Columns headerCols;
++			Spacer spacer(2);
++			for (auto const& info : m_columnInfos) {
++				headerCols += Column(info.name).width(static_cast<std::size_t>(info.width - 2));
++				headerCols += spacer;
++			}
++			m_os << headerCols << '\n';
+ 
+-        void noMatchingTestCases( std::string const& spec ) override {
+-            stream << "No test cases matched '" << spec << '\'' << std::endl;
++            m_os << Catch::getLineOfChars<'-'>() << '\n';
+         }
+-
+-        void assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& ) override {
++    }
++    void close() {
++        if (m_isOpen) {
++            *this << RowBreak();
++            m_os << std::endl;
++            m_isOpen = false;
+         }
++    }
+ 
+-        bool assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& _assertionStats ) override {
+-            AssertionResult const& result = _assertionStats.assertionResult;
+-
+-            bool includeResults = m_config->includeSuccessfulResults() || !result.isOk();
+-
+-            // Drop out if result was successful but we're not printing them.
+-            if( !includeResults && result.getResultType() != ResultWas::Warning )
+-                return false;
+-
+-            lazyPrint();
++    template<typename T>
++    friend TablePrinter& operator << (TablePrinter& tp, T const& value) {
++        tp.m_oss << value;
++        return tp;
++    }
++
++    friend TablePrinter& operator << (TablePrinter& tp, ColumnBreak) {
++        auto colStr = tp.m_oss.str();
++        const auto strSize = colStr.size();
++        tp.m_oss.str("");
++        tp.open();
++        if (tp.m_currentColumn == static_cast<int>(tp.m_columnInfos.size() - 1)) {
++            tp.m_currentColumn = -1;
++            tp.m_os << '\n';
++        }
++        tp.m_currentColumn++;
++
++        auto colInfo = tp.m_columnInfos[tp.m_currentColumn];
++        auto padding = (strSize + 1 < static_cast<std::size_t>(colInfo.width))
++            ? std::string(colInfo.width - (strSize + 1), ' ')
++            : std::string();
++        if (colInfo.justification == ColumnInfo::Left)
++            tp.m_os << colStr << padding << ' ';
++        else
++            tp.m_os << padding << colStr << ' ';
++        return tp;
++    }
+ 
+-            AssertionPrinter printer( stream, _assertionStats, includeResults );
+-            printer.print();
+-            stream << std::endl;
+-            return true;
++    friend TablePrinter& operator << (TablePrinter& tp, RowBreak) {
++        if (tp.m_currentColumn > 0) {
++            tp.m_os << '\n';
++            tp.m_currentColumn = -1;
+         }
++        return tp;
++    }
++};
+ 
+-        void sectionStarting( SectionInfo const& _sectionInfo ) override {
+-            m_headerPrinted = false;
+-            StreamingReporterBase::sectionStarting( _sectionInfo );
+-        }
+-        void sectionEnded( SectionStats const& _sectionStats ) override {
+-            m_tablePrinter.close();
+-            if( _sectionStats.missingAssertions ) {
+-                lazyPrint();
+-                Colour colour( Colour::ResultError );
+-                if( m_sectionStack.size() > 1 )
+-                    stream << "\nNo assertions in section";
+-                else
+-                    stream << "\nNo assertions in test case";
+-                stream << " '" << _sectionStats.sectionInfo.name << "'\n" << std::endl;
+-            }
+-            if( m_config->showDurations() == ShowDurations::Always ) {
+-                stream << getFormattedDuration(_sectionStats.durationInSeconds) << " s: " << _sectionStats.sectionInfo.name << std::endl;
+-            }
+-            if( m_headerPrinted ) {
+-                m_headerPrinted = false;
+-            }
+-            StreamingReporterBase::sectionEnded( _sectionStats );
++ConsoleReporter::ConsoleReporter(ReporterConfig const& config)
++    : StreamingReporterBase(config),
++    m_tablePrinter(new TablePrinter(config.stream(),
++        [&config]() -> std::vector<ColumnInfo> {
++        if (config.fullConfig()->benchmarkNoAnalysis())
++        {
++            return{
++                { "benchmark name", CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH - 43, ColumnInfo::Left },
++                { "     samples", 14, ColumnInfo::Right },
++                { "  iterations", 14, ColumnInfo::Right },
++                { "        mean", 14, ColumnInfo::Right }
++            };
+         }
++        else
++        {
++            return{
++                { "benchmark name", CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH - 43, ColumnInfo::Left },
++                { "samples      mean       std dev", 14, ColumnInfo::Right },
++                { "iterations   low mean   low std dev", 14, ColumnInfo::Right },
++                { "estimated    high mean  high std dev", 14, ColumnInfo::Right }
++            };
++        }
++    }())) {}
++ConsoleReporter::~ConsoleReporter() = default;
+ 
+-        void benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& info ) override {
+-            lazyPrintWithoutClosingBenchmarkTable();
++std::string ConsoleReporter::getDescription() {
++    return "Reports test results as plain lines of text";
++}
+ 
+-            auto nameCol = Column( info.name ).width( m_tablePrinter.columnInfos()[0].width-2 );
++void ConsoleReporter::noMatchingTestCases(std::string const& spec) {
++    stream << "No test cases matched '" << spec << '\'' << std::endl;
++}
+ 
+-            bool firstLine = true;
+-            for( auto line : nameCol ) {
+-                if( !firstLine )
+-                    m_tablePrinter << ColumnBreak() << ColumnBreak() << ColumnBreak();
+-                else
+-                    firstLine = false;
++void ConsoleReporter::reportInvalidArguments(std::string const&arg){
++    stream << "Invalid Filter: " << arg << std::endl;
++}
+ 
+-                m_tablePrinter << line << ColumnBreak();
+-            }
+-        }
+-        void benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats const& stats ) override {
+-            Duration average( stats.elapsedTimeInNanoseconds/stats.iterations );
+-            m_tablePrinter
+-                    << stats.iterations << ColumnBreak()
+-                    << stats.elapsedTimeInNanoseconds << ColumnBreak()
+-                    << average << ColumnBreak();
+-        }
++void ConsoleReporter::assertionStarting(AssertionInfo const&) {}
+ 
+-        void testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& _testCaseStats ) override {
+-            m_tablePrinter.close();
+-            StreamingReporterBase::testCaseEnded( _testCaseStats );
+-            m_headerPrinted = false;
+-        }
+-        void testGroupEnded( TestGroupStats const& _testGroupStats ) override {
+-            if( currentGroupInfo.used ) {
+-                printSummaryDivider();
+-                stream << "Summary for group '" << _testGroupStats.groupInfo.name << "':\n";
+-                printTotals( _testGroupStats.totals );
+-                stream << '\n' << std::endl;
+-            }
+-            StreamingReporterBase::testGroupEnded( _testGroupStats );
+-        }
+-        void testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& _testRunStats ) override {
+-            printTotalsDivider( _testRunStats.totals );
+-            printTotals( _testRunStats.totals );
+-            stream << std::endl;
+-            StreamingReporterBase::testRunEnded( _testRunStats );
+-        }
++bool ConsoleReporter::assertionEnded(AssertionStats const& _assertionStats) {
++    AssertionResult const& result = _assertionStats.assertionResult;
+ 
+-    private:
++    bool includeResults = m_config->includeSuccessfulResults() || !result.isOk();
+ 
+-        class AssertionPrinter {
+-        public:
+-            AssertionPrinter& operator= ( AssertionPrinter const& ) = delete;
+-            AssertionPrinter( AssertionPrinter const& ) = delete;
+-            AssertionPrinter( std::ostream& _stream, AssertionStats const& _stats, bool _printInfoMessages )
+-            :   stream( _stream ),
+-                stats( _stats ),
+-                result( _stats.assertionResult ),
+-                colour( Colour::None ),
+-                message( result.getMessage() ),
+-                messages( _stats.infoMessages ),
+-                printInfoMessages( _printInfoMessages )
+-            {
+-                switch( result.getResultType() ) {
+-                    case ResultWas::Ok:
+-                        colour = Colour::Success;
+-                        passOrFail = "PASSED";
+-                        //if( result.hasMessage() )
+-                        if( _stats.infoMessages.size() == 1 )
+-                            messageLabel = "with message";
+-                        if( _stats.infoMessages.size() > 1 )
+-                            messageLabel = "with messages";
+-                        break;
+-                    case ResultWas::ExpressionFailed:
+-                        if( result.isOk() ) {
+-                            colour = Colour::Success;
+-                            passOrFail = "FAILED - but was ok";
+-                        }
+-                        else {
+-                            colour = Colour::Error;
+-                            passOrFail = "FAILED";
+-                        }
+-                        if( _stats.infoMessages.size() == 1 )
+-                            messageLabel = "with message";
+-                        if( _stats.infoMessages.size() > 1 )
+-                            messageLabel = "with messages";
+-                        break;
+-                    case ResultWas::ThrewException:
+-                        colour = Colour::Error;
+-                        passOrFail = "FAILED";
+-                        messageLabel = "due to unexpected exception with ";
+-                        if (_stats.infoMessages.size() == 1)
+-                            messageLabel += "message";
+-                        if (_stats.infoMessages.size() > 1)
+-                            messageLabel += "messages";
+-                        break;
+-                    case ResultWas::FatalErrorCondition:
+-                        colour = Colour::Error;
+-                        passOrFail = "FAILED";
+-                        messageLabel = "due to a fatal error condition";
+-                        break;
+-                    case ResultWas::DidntThrowException:
+-                        colour = Colour::Error;
+-                        passOrFail = "FAILED";
+-                        messageLabel = "because no exception was thrown where one was expected";
+-                        break;
+-                    case ResultWas::Info:
+-                        messageLabel = "info";
+-                        break;
+-                    case ResultWas::Warning:
+-                        messageLabel = "warning";
+-                        break;
+-                    case ResultWas::ExplicitFailure:
+-                        passOrFail = "FAILED";
+-                        colour = Colour::Error;
+-                        if( _stats.infoMessages.size() == 1 )
+-                            messageLabel = "explicitly with message";
+-                        if( _stats.infoMessages.size() > 1 )
+-                            messageLabel = "explicitly with messages";
+-                        break;
+-                    // These cases are here to prevent compiler warnings
+-                    case ResultWas::Unknown:
+-                    case ResultWas::FailureBit:
+-                    case ResultWas::Exception:
+-                        passOrFail = "** internal error **";
+-                        colour = Colour::Error;
+-                        break;
+-                }
+-            }
++    // Drop out if result was successful but we're not printing them.
++    if (!includeResults && result.getResultType() != ResultWas::Warning)
++        return false;
+ 
+-            void print() const {
+-                printSourceInfo();
+-                if( stats.totals.assertions.total() > 0 ) {
+-                    if( result.isOk() )
+-                        stream << '\n';
+-                    printResultType();
+-                    printOriginalExpression();
+-                    printReconstructedExpression();
+-                }
+-                else {
+-                    stream << '\n';
+-                }
+-                printMessage();
+-            }
++    lazyPrint();
+ 
+-        private:
+-            void printResultType() const {
+-                if( !passOrFail.empty() ) {
+-                    Colour colourGuard( colour );
+-                    stream << passOrFail << ":\n";
+-                }
+-            }
+-            void printOriginalExpression() const {
+-                if( result.hasExpression() ) {
+-                    Colour colourGuard( Colour::OriginalExpression );
+-                    stream  << "  ";
+-                    stream << result.getExpressionInMacro();
+-                    stream << '\n';
+-                }
+-            }
+-            void printReconstructedExpression() const {
+-                if( result.hasExpandedExpression() ) {
+-                    stream << "with expansion:\n";
+-                    Colour colourGuard( Colour::ReconstructedExpression );
+-                    stream << Column( result.getExpandedExpression() ).indent(2) << '\n';
+-                }
+-            }
+-            void printMessage() const {
+-                if( !messageLabel.empty() )
+-                    stream << messageLabel << ':' << '\n';
+-                for( auto const& msg : messages ) {
+-                    // If this assertion is a warning ignore any INFO messages
+-                    if( printInfoMessages || msg.type != ResultWas::Info )
+-                        stream << Column( msg.message ).indent(2) << '\n';
+-                }
+-            }
+-            void printSourceInfo() const {
+-                Colour colourGuard( Colour::FileName );
+-                stream << result.getSourceInfo() << ": ";
+-            }
++    ConsoleAssertionPrinter printer(stream, _assertionStats, includeResults);
++    printer.print();
++    stream << std::endl;
++    return true;
++}
++
++void ConsoleReporter::sectionStarting(SectionInfo const& _sectionInfo) {
++    m_tablePrinter->close();
++    m_headerPrinted = false;
++    StreamingReporterBase::sectionStarting(_sectionInfo);
++}
++void ConsoleReporter::sectionEnded(SectionStats const& _sectionStats) {
++    m_tablePrinter->close();
++    if (_sectionStats.missingAssertions) {
++        lazyPrint();
++        Colour colour(Colour::ResultError);
++        if (m_sectionStack.size() > 1)
++            stream << "\nNo assertions in section";
++        else
++            stream << "\nNo assertions in test case";
++        stream << " '" << _sectionStats.sectionInfo.name << "'\n" << std::endl;
++    }
++    double dur = _sectionStats.durationInSeconds;
++    if (shouldShowDuration(*m_config, dur)) {
++        stream << getFormattedDuration(dur) << " s: " << _sectionStats.sectionInfo.name << std::endl;
++    }
++    if (m_headerPrinted) {
++        m_headerPrinted = false;
++    }
++    StreamingReporterBase::sectionEnded(_sectionStats);
++}
+ 
+-            std::ostream& stream;
+-            AssertionStats const& stats;
+-            AssertionResult const& result;
+-            Colour::Code colour;
+-            std::string passOrFail;
+-            std::string messageLabel;
+-            std::string message;
+-            std::vector<MessageInfo> messages;
+-            bool printInfoMessages;
+-        };
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING)
++void ConsoleReporter::benchmarkPreparing(std::string const& name) {
++	lazyPrintWithoutClosingBenchmarkTable();
+ 
+-        void lazyPrint() {
++	auto nameCol = Column(name).width(static_cast<std::size_t>(m_tablePrinter->columnInfos()[0].width - 2));
+ 
+-            m_tablePrinter.close();
+-            lazyPrintWithoutClosingBenchmarkTable();
+-        }
++	bool firstLine = true;
++	for (auto line : nameCol) {
++		if (!firstLine)
++			(*m_tablePrinter) << ColumnBreak() << ColumnBreak() << ColumnBreak();
++		else
++			firstLine = false;
+ 
+-        void lazyPrintWithoutClosingBenchmarkTable() {
++		(*m_tablePrinter) << line << ColumnBreak();
++	}
++}
+ 
+-            if( !currentTestRunInfo.used )
+-                lazyPrintRunInfo();
+-            if( !currentGroupInfo.used )
+-                lazyPrintGroupInfo();
++void ConsoleReporter::benchmarkStarting(BenchmarkInfo const& info) {
++    (*m_tablePrinter) << info.samples << ColumnBreak()
++        << info.iterations << ColumnBreak();
++    if (!m_config->benchmarkNoAnalysis())
++        (*m_tablePrinter) << Duration(info.estimatedDuration) << ColumnBreak();
++}
++void ConsoleReporter::benchmarkEnded(BenchmarkStats<> const& stats) {
++    if (m_config->benchmarkNoAnalysis())
++    {
++        (*m_tablePrinter) << Duration(stats.mean.point.count()) << ColumnBreak();
++    }
++    else
++    {
++        (*m_tablePrinter) << ColumnBreak()
++            << Duration(stats.mean.point.count()) << ColumnBreak()
++            << Duration(stats.mean.lower_bound.count()) << ColumnBreak()
++            << Duration(stats.mean.upper_bound.count()) << ColumnBreak() << ColumnBreak()
++            << Duration(stats.standardDeviation.point.count()) << ColumnBreak()
++            << Duration(stats.standardDeviation.lower_bound.count()) << ColumnBreak()
++            << Duration(stats.standardDeviation.upper_bound.count()) << ColumnBreak() << ColumnBreak() << ColumnBreak() << ColumnBreak() << ColumnBreak();
++    }
++}
+ 
+-            if( !m_headerPrinted ) {
+-                printTestCaseAndSectionHeader();
+-                m_headerPrinted = true;
+-            }
+-        }
+-        void lazyPrintRunInfo() {
+-            stream  << '\n' << getLineOfChars<'~'>() << '\n';
+-            Colour colour( Colour::SecondaryText );
+-            stream  << currentTestRunInfo->name
+-                    << " is a Catch v"  << libraryVersion() << " host application.\n"
+-                    << "Run with -? for options\n\n";
++void ConsoleReporter::benchmarkFailed(std::string const& error) {
++	Colour colour(Colour::Red);
++    (*m_tablePrinter)
++        << "Benchmark failed (" << error << ')'
++        << ColumnBreak() << RowBreak();
++}
++#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING
+ 
+-            if( m_config->rngSeed() != 0 )
+-                stream << "Randomness seeded to: " << m_config->rngSeed() << "\n\n";
++void ConsoleReporter::testCaseEnded(TestCaseStats const& _testCaseStats) {
++    m_tablePrinter->close();
++    StreamingReporterBase::testCaseEnded(_testCaseStats);
++    m_headerPrinted = false;
++}
++void ConsoleReporter::testGroupEnded(TestGroupStats const& _testGroupStats) {
++    if (currentGroupInfo.used) {
++        printSummaryDivider();
++        stream << "Summary for group '" << _testGroupStats.groupInfo.name << "':\n";
++        printTotals(_testGroupStats.totals);
++        stream << '\n' << std::endl;
++    }
++    StreamingReporterBase::testGroupEnded(_testGroupStats);
++}
++void ConsoleReporter::testRunEnded(TestRunStats const& _testRunStats) {
++    printTotalsDivider(_testRunStats.totals);
++    printTotals(_testRunStats.totals);
++    stream << std::endl;
++    StreamingReporterBase::testRunEnded(_testRunStats);
++}
++void ConsoleReporter::testRunStarting(TestRunInfo const& _testInfo) {
++    StreamingReporterBase::testRunStarting(_testInfo);
++    printTestFilters();
++}
+ 
+-            currentTestRunInfo.used = true;
+-        }
+-        void lazyPrintGroupInfo() {
+-            if( !currentGroupInfo->name.empty() && currentGroupInfo->groupsCounts > 1 ) {
+-                printClosedHeader( "Group: " + currentGroupInfo->name );
+-                currentGroupInfo.used = true;
+-            }
+-        }
+-        void printTestCaseAndSectionHeader() {
+-            assert( !m_sectionStack.empty() );
+-            printOpenHeader( currentTestCaseInfo->name );
++void ConsoleReporter::lazyPrint() {
+ 
+-            if( m_sectionStack.size() > 1 ) {
+-                Colour colourGuard( Colour::Headers );
++    m_tablePrinter->close();
++    lazyPrintWithoutClosingBenchmarkTable();
++}
+ 
+-                auto
+-                    it = m_sectionStack.begin()+1, // Skip first section (test case)
+-                    itEnd = m_sectionStack.end();
+-                for( ; it != itEnd; ++it )
+-                    printHeaderString( it->name, 2 );
+-            }
++void ConsoleReporter::lazyPrintWithoutClosingBenchmarkTable() {
+ 
+-            SourceLineInfo lineInfo = m_sectionStack.back().lineInfo;
++    if (!currentTestRunInfo.used)
++        lazyPrintRunInfo();
++    if (!currentGroupInfo.used)
++        lazyPrintGroupInfo();
+ 
+-            if( !lineInfo.empty() ){
+-                stream << getLineOfChars<'-'>() << '\n';
+-                Colour colourGuard( Colour::FileName );
+-                stream << lineInfo << '\n';
+-            }
+-            stream << getLineOfChars<'.'>() << '\n' << std::endl;
+-        }
++    if (!m_headerPrinted) {
++        printTestCaseAndSectionHeader();
++        m_headerPrinted = true;
++    }
++}
++void ConsoleReporter::lazyPrintRunInfo() {
++    stream << '\n' << getLineOfChars<'~'>() << '\n';
++    Colour colour(Colour::SecondaryText);
++    stream << currentTestRunInfo->name
++        << " is a Catch v" << libraryVersion() << " host application.\n"
++        << "Run with -? for options\n\n";
+ 
+-        void printClosedHeader( std::string const& _name ) {
+-            printOpenHeader( _name );
+-            stream << getLineOfChars<'.'>() << '\n';
+-        }
+-        void printOpenHeader( std::string const& _name ) {
+-            stream  << getLineOfChars<'-'>() << '\n';
+-            {
+-                Colour colourGuard( Colour::Headers );
+-                printHeaderString( _name );
+-            }
+-        }
++    if (m_config->rngSeed() != 0)
++        stream << "Randomness seeded to: " << m_config->rngSeed() << "\n\n";
+ 
+-        // if string has a : in first line will set indent to follow it on
+-        // subsequent lines
+-        void printHeaderString( std::string const& _string, std::size_t indent = 0 ) {
+-            std::size_t i = _string.find( ": " );
+-            if( i != std::string::npos )
+-                i+=2;
+-            else
+-                i = 0;
+-            stream << Column( _string ).indent( indent+i ).initialIndent( indent ) << '\n';
+-        }
++    currentTestRunInfo.used = true;
++}
++void ConsoleReporter::lazyPrintGroupInfo() {
++    if (!currentGroupInfo->name.empty() && currentGroupInfo->groupsCounts > 1) {
++        printClosedHeader("Group: " + currentGroupInfo->name);
++        currentGroupInfo.used = true;
++    }
++}
++void ConsoleReporter::printTestCaseAndSectionHeader() {
++    assert(!m_sectionStack.empty());
++    printOpenHeader(currentTestCaseInfo->name);
+ 
+-        struct SummaryColumn {
++    if (m_sectionStack.size() > 1) {
++        Colour colourGuard(Colour::Headers);
+ 
+-            SummaryColumn( std::string const& _label, Colour::Code _colour )
+-            :   label( _label ),
+-                colour( _colour )
+-            {}
+-            SummaryColumn addRow( std::size_t count ) {
+-                std::ostringstream oss;
+-                oss << count;
+-                std::string row = oss.str();
+-                for( auto& oldRow : rows ) {
+-                    while( oldRow.size() < row.size() )
+-                        oldRow = ' ' + oldRow;
+-                    while( oldRow.size() > row.size() )
+-                        row = ' ' + row;
+-                }
+-                rows.push_back( row );
+-                return *this;
+-            }
++        auto
++            it = m_sectionStack.begin() + 1, // Skip first section (test case)
++            itEnd = m_sectionStack.end();
++        for (; it != itEnd; ++it)
++            printHeaderString(it->name, 2);
++    }
+ 
+-            std::string label;
+-            Colour::Code colour;
+-            std::vector<std::string> rows;
++    SourceLineInfo lineInfo = m_sectionStack.back().lineInfo;
+ 
+-        };
++    stream << getLineOfChars<'-'>() << '\n';
++    Colour colourGuard(Colour::FileName);
++    stream << lineInfo << '\n';
++    stream << getLineOfChars<'.'>() << '\n' << std::endl;
++}
+ 
+-        void printTotals( Totals const& totals ) {
+-            if( totals.testCases.total() == 0 ) {
+-                stream << Colour( Colour::Warning ) << "No tests ran\n";
+-            }
+-            else if( totals.assertions.total() > 0 && totals.testCases.allPassed() ) {
+-                stream << Colour( Colour::ResultSuccess ) << "All tests passed";
+-                stream << " ("
+-                        << pluralise( totals.assertions.passed, "assertion" ) << " in "
+-                        << pluralise( totals.testCases.passed, "test case" ) << ')'
+-                        << '\n';
+-            }
+-            else {
++void ConsoleReporter::printClosedHeader(std::string const& _name) {
++    printOpenHeader(_name);
++    stream << getLineOfChars<'.'>() << '\n';
++}
++void ConsoleReporter::printOpenHeader(std::string const& _name) {
++    stream << getLineOfChars<'-'>() << '\n';
++    {
++        Colour colourGuard(Colour::Headers);
++        printHeaderString(_name);
++    }
++}
+ 
+-                std::vector<SummaryColumn> columns;
+-                columns.push_back( SummaryColumn( "", Colour::None )
+-                                        .addRow( totals.testCases.total() )
+-                                        .addRow( totals.assertions.total() ) );
+-                columns.push_back( SummaryColumn( "passed", Colour::Success )
+-                                        .addRow( totals.testCases.passed )
+-                                        .addRow( totals.assertions.passed ) );
+-                columns.push_back( SummaryColumn( "failed", Colour::ResultError )
+-                                        .addRow( totals.testCases.failed )
+-                                        .addRow( totals.assertions.failed ) );
+-                columns.push_back( SummaryColumn( "failed as expected", Colour::ResultExpectedFailure )
+-                                        .addRow( totals.testCases.failedButOk )
+-                                        .addRow( totals.assertions.failedButOk ) );
+-
+-                printSummaryRow( "test cases", columns, 0 );
+-                printSummaryRow( "assertions", columns, 1 );
+-            }
+-        }
+-        void printSummaryRow( std::string const& label, std::vector<SummaryColumn> const& cols, std::size_t row ) {
+-            for( auto col : cols ) {
+-                std::string value = col.rows[row];
+-                if( col.label.empty() ) {
+-                    stream << label << ": ";
+-                    if( value != "0" )
+-                        stream << value;
+-                    else
+-                        stream << Colour( Colour::Warning ) << "- none -";
+-                }
+-                else if( value != "0" ) {
+-                    stream  << Colour( Colour::LightGrey ) << " | ";
+-                    stream  << Colour( col.colour )
+-                            << value << ' ' << col.label;
+-                }
+-            }
+-            stream << '\n';
++// if string has a : in first line will set indent to follow it on
++// subsequent lines
++void ConsoleReporter::printHeaderString(std::string const& _string, std::size_t indent) {
++    std::size_t i = _string.find(": ");
++    if (i != std::string::npos)
++        i += 2;
++    else
++        i = 0;
++    stream << Column(_string).indent(indent + i).initialIndent(indent) << '\n';
++}
++
++struct SummaryColumn {
++
++    SummaryColumn( std::string _label, Colour::Code _colour )
++    :   label( std::move( _label ) ),
++        colour( _colour ) {}
++    SummaryColumn addRow( std::size_t count ) {
++        ReusableStringStream rss;
++        rss << count;
++        std::string row = rss.str();
++        for (auto& oldRow : rows) {
++            while (oldRow.size() < row.size())
++                oldRow = ' ' + oldRow;
++            while (oldRow.size() > row.size())
++                row = ' ' + row;
+         }
++        rows.push_back(row);
++        return *this;
++    }
+ 
+-        void printTotalsDivider( Totals const& totals ) {
+-            if( totals.testCases.total() > 0 ) {
+-                std::size_t failedRatio = makeRatio( totals.testCases.failed, totals.testCases.total() );
+-                std::size_t failedButOkRatio = makeRatio( totals.testCases.failedButOk, totals.testCases.total() );
+-                std::size_t passedRatio = makeRatio( totals.testCases.passed, totals.testCases.total() );
+-                while( failedRatio + failedButOkRatio + passedRatio < CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH-1 )
+-                    findMax( failedRatio, failedButOkRatio, passedRatio )++;
+-                while( failedRatio + failedButOkRatio + passedRatio > CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH-1 )
+-                    findMax( failedRatio, failedButOkRatio, passedRatio )--;
+-
+-                stream << Colour( Colour::Error ) << std::string( failedRatio, '=' );
+-                stream << Colour( Colour::ResultExpectedFailure ) << std::string( failedButOkRatio, '=' );
+-                if( totals.testCases.allPassed() )
+-                    stream << Colour( Colour::ResultSuccess ) << std::string( passedRatio, '=' );
+-                else
+-                    stream << Colour( Colour::Success ) << std::string( passedRatio, '=' );
+-            }
+-            else {
+-                stream << Colour( Colour::Warning ) << std::string( CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH-1, '=' );
+-            }
+-            stream << '\n';
+-        }
+-        void printSummaryDivider() {
+-            stream << getLineOfChars<'-'>() << '\n';
+-        }
++    std::string label;
++    Colour::Code colour;
++    std::vector<std::string> rows;
+ 
+-    private:
+-        bool m_headerPrinted = false;
+-    };
++};
++
++void ConsoleReporter::printTotals( Totals const& totals ) {
++    if (totals.testCases.total() == 0) {
++        stream << Colour(Colour::Warning) << "No tests ran\n";
++    } else if (totals.assertions.total() > 0 && totals.testCases.allPassed()) {
++        stream << Colour(Colour::ResultSuccess) << "All tests passed";
++        stream << " ("
++            << pluralise(totals.assertions.passed, "assertion") << " in "
++            << pluralise(totals.testCases.passed, "test case") << ')'
++            << '\n';
++    } else {
++
++        std::vector<SummaryColumn> columns;
++        columns.push_back(SummaryColumn("", Colour::None)
++                          .addRow(totals.testCases.total())
++                          .addRow(totals.assertions.total()));
++        columns.push_back(SummaryColumn("passed", Colour::Success)
++                          .addRow(totals.testCases.passed)
++                          .addRow(totals.assertions.passed));
++        columns.push_back(SummaryColumn("failed", Colour::ResultError)
++                          .addRow(totals.testCases.failed)
++                          .addRow(totals.assertions.failed));
++        columns.push_back(SummaryColumn("failed as expected", Colour::ResultExpectedFailure)
++                          .addRow(totals.testCases.failedButOk)
++                          .addRow(totals.assertions.failedButOk));
++
++        printSummaryRow("test cases", columns, 0);
++        printSummaryRow("assertions", columns, 1);
++    }
++}
++void ConsoleReporter::printSummaryRow(std::string const& label, std::vector<SummaryColumn> const& cols, std::size_t row) {
++    for (auto col : cols) {
++        std::string value = col.rows[row];
++        if (col.label.empty()) {
++            stream << label << ": ";
++            if (value != "0")
++                stream << value;
++            else
++                stream << Colour(Colour::Warning) << "- none -";
++        } else if (value != "0") {
++            stream << Colour(Colour::LightGrey) << " | ";
++            stream << Colour(col.colour)
++                << value << ' ' << col.label;
++        }
++    }
++    stream << '\n';
++}
++
++void ConsoleReporter::printTotalsDivider(Totals const& totals) {
++    if (totals.testCases.total() > 0) {
++        std::size_t failedRatio = makeRatio(totals.testCases.failed, totals.testCases.total());
++        std::size_t failedButOkRatio = makeRatio(totals.testCases.failedButOk, totals.testCases.total());
++        std::size_t passedRatio = makeRatio(totals.testCases.passed, totals.testCases.total());
++        while (failedRatio + failedButOkRatio + passedRatio < CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH - 1)
++            findMax(failedRatio, failedButOkRatio, passedRatio)++;
++        while (failedRatio + failedButOkRatio + passedRatio > CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH - 1)
++            findMax(failedRatio, failedButOkRatio, passedRatio)--;
++
++        stream << Colour(Colour::Error) << std::string(failedRatio, '=');
++        stream << Colour(Colour::ResultExpectedFailure) << std::string(failedButOkRatio, '=');
++        if (totals.testCases.allPassed())
++            stream << Colour(Colour::ResultSuccess) << std::string(passedRatio, '=');
++        else
++            stream << Colour(Colour::Success) << std::string(passedRatio, '=');
++    } else {
++        stream << Colour(Colour::Warning) << std::string(CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH - 1, '=');
++    }
++    stream << '\n';
++}
++void ConsoleReporter::printSummaryDivider() {
++    stream << getLineOfChars<'-'>() << '\n';
++}
+ 
+-    CATCH_REGISTER_REPORTER( "console", ConsoleReporter )
++void ConsoleReporter::printTestFilters() {
++    if (m_config->testSpec().hasFilters()) {
++        Colour guard(Colour::BrightYellow);
++        stream << "Filters: " << serializeFilters(m_config->getTestsOrTags()) << '\n';
++    }
++}
+ 
+-    ConsoleReporter::~ConsoleReporter() {}
++CATCH_REGISTER_REPORTER("console", ConsoleReporter)
+ 
+ } // end namespace Catch
+ 
+ #if defined(_MSC_VER)
+ #pragma warning(pop)
+ #endif
++
++#if defined(__clang__)
++#  pragma clang diagnostic pop
++#endif
+ // end catch_reporter_console.cpp
+ // start catch_reporter_junit.cpp
+ 
+-#include <assert.h>
+-
++#include <cassert>
++#include <sstream>
+ #include <ctime>
+ #include <algorithm>
++#include <iomanip>
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+@@ -11160,7 +16828,7 @@
+ #else
+             std::strftime(timeStamp, timeStampSize, fmt, timeInfo);
+ #endif
+-            return std::string(timeStamp);
++            return std::string(timeStamp, timeStampSize-1);
+         }
+ 
+         std::string fileNameTag(const std::vector<std::string> &tags) {
+@@ -11171,300 +16839,402 @@
+                 return it->substr(1);
+             return std::string();
+         }
+-    }
+ 
+-    class JunitReporter : public CumulativeReporterBase<JunitReporter> {
+-    public:
+-        JunitReporter( ReporterConfig const& _config )
++        // Formats the duration in seconds to 3 decimal places.
++        // This is done because some genius defined Maven Surefire schema
++        // in a way that only accepts 3 decimal places, and tools like
++        // Jenkins use that schema for validation JUnit reporter output.
++        std::string formatDuration( double seconds ) {
++            ReusableStringStream rss;
++            rss << std::fixed << std::setprecision( 3 ) << seconds;
++            return rss.str();
++        }
++
++    } // anonymous namespace
++
++    JunitReporter::JunitReporter( ReporterConfig const& _config )
+         :   CumulativeReporterBase( _config ),
+             xml( _config.stream() )
+         {
+             m_reporterPrefs.shouldRedirectStdOut = true;
++            m_reporterPrefs.shouldReportAllAssertions = true;
+         }
+ 
+-        ~JunitReporter() override;
++    JunitReporter::~JunitReporter() {}
+ 
+-        static std::string getDescription() {
+-            return "Reports test results in an XML format that looks like Ant's junitreport target";
+-        }
++    std::string JunitReporter::getDescription() {
++        return "Reports test results in an XML format that looks like Ant's junitreport target";
++    }
+ 
+-        void noMatchingTestCases( std::string const& /*spec*/ ) override {}
++    void JunitReporter::noMatchingTestCases( std::string const& /*spec*/ ) {}
+ 
+-        void testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& runInfo ) override {
+-            CumulativeReporterBase::testRunStarting( runInfo );
+-            xml.startElement( "testsuites" );
+-        }
++    void JunitReporter::testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& runInfo )  {
++        CumulativeReporterBase::testRunStarting( runInfo );
++        xml.startElement( "testsuites" );
++    }
+ 
+-        void testGroupStarting( GroupInfo const& groupInfo ) override {
+-            suiteTimer.start();
+-            stdOutForSuite.str("");
+-            stdErrForSuite.str("");
+-            unexpectedExceptions = 0;
+-            CumulativeReporterBase::testGroupStarting( groupInfo );
+-        }
++    void JunitReporter::testGroupStarting( GroupInfo const& groupInfo ) {
++        suiteTimer.start();
++        stdOutForSuite.clear();
++        stdErrForSuite.clear();
++        unexpectedExceptions = 0;
++        CumulativeReporterBase::testGroupStarting( groupInfo );
++    }
+ 
+-        void testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testCaseInfo ) override {
+-            m_okToFail = testCaseInfo.okToFail();
+-        }
+-        bool assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) override {
+-            if( assertionStats.assertionResult.getResultType() == ResultWas::ThrewException && !m_okToFail )
+-                unexpectedExceptions++;
+-            return CumulativeReporterBase::assertionEnded( assertionStats );
+-        }
++    void JunitReporter::testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testCaseInfo ) {
++        m_okToFail = testCaseInfo.okToFail();
++    }
+ 
+-        void testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats ) override {
+-            stdOutForSuite << testCaseStats.stdOut;
+-            stdErrForSuite << testCaseStats.stdErr;
+-            CumulativeReporterBase::testCaseEnded( testCaseStats );
+-        }
++    bool JunitReporter::assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) {
++        if( assertionStats.assertionResult.getResultType() == ResultWas::ThrewException && !m_okToFail )
++            unexpectedExceptions++;
++        return CumulativeReporterBase::assertionEnded( assertionStats );
++    }
+ 
+-        void testGroupEnded( TestGroupStats const& testGroupStats ) override {
+-            double suiteTime = suiteTimer.getElapsedSeconds();
+-            CumulativeReporterBase::testGroupEnded( testGroupStats );
+-            writeGroup( *m_testGroups.back(), suiteTime );
+-        }
++    void JunitReporter::testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats ) {
++        stdOutForSuite += testCaseStats.stdOut;
++        stdErrForSuite += testCaseStats.stdErr;
++        CumulativeReporterBase::testCaseEnded( testCaseStats );
++    }
++
++    void JunitReporter::testGroupEnded( TestGroupStats const& testGroupStats ) {
++        double suiteTime = suiteTimer.getElapsedSeconds();
++        CumulativeReporterBase::testGroupEnded( testGroupStats );
++        writeGroup( *m_testGroups.back(), suiteTime );
++    }
++
++    void JunitReporter::testRunEndedCumulative() {
++        xml.endElement();
++    }
++
++    void JunitReporter::writeGroup( TestGroupNode const& groupNode, double suiteTime ) {
++        XmlWriter::ScopedElement e = xml.scopedElement( "testsuite" );
++
++        TestGroupStats const& stats = groupNode.value;
++        xml.writeAttribute( "name", stats.groupInfo.name );
++        xml.writeAttribute( "errors", unexpectedExceptions );
++        xml.writeAttribute( "failures", stats.totals.assertions.failed-unexpectedExceptions );
++        xml.writeAttribute( "tests", stats.totals.assertions.total() );
++        xml.writeAttribute( "hostname", "tbd" ); // !TBD
++        if( m_config->showDurations() == ShowDurations::Never )
++            xml.writeAttribute( "time", "" );
++        else
++            xml.writeAttribute( "time", formatDuration( suiteTime ) );
++        xml.writeAttribute( "timestamp", getCurrentTimestamp() );
+ 
+-        void testRunEndedCumulative() override {
+-            xml.endElement();
++        // Write properties if there are any
++        if (m_config->hasTestFilters() || m_config->rngSeed() != 0) {
++            auto properties = xml.scopedElement("properties");
++            if (m_config->hasTestFilters()) {
++                xml.scopedElement("property")
++                    .writeAttribute("name", "filters")
++                    .writeAttribute("value", serializeFilters(m_config->getTestsOrTags()));
++            }
++            if (m_config->rngSeed() != 0) {
++                xml.scopedElement("property")
++                    .writeAttribute("name", "random-seed")
++                    .writeAttribute("value", m_config->rngSeed());
++            }
+         }
+ 
+-        void writeGroup( TestGroupNode const& groupNode, double suiteTime ) {
+-            XmlWriter::ScopedElement e = xml.scopedElement( "testsuite" );
+-            TestGroupStats const& stats = groupNode.value;
+-            xml.writeAttribute( "name", stats.groupInfo.name );
+-            xml.writeAttribute( "errors", unexpectedExceptions );
+-            xml.writeAttribute( "failures", stats.totals.assertions.failed-unexpectedExceptions );
+-            xml.writeAttribute( "tests", stats.totals.assertions.total() );
+-            xml.writeAttribute( "hostname", "tbd" ); // !TBD
+-            if( m_config->showDurations() == ShowDurations::Never )
+-                xml.writeAttribute( "time", "" );
+-            else
+-                xml.writeAttribute( "time", suiteTime );
+-            xml.writeAttribute( "timestamp", getCurrentTimestamp() );
++        // Write test cases
++        for( auto const& child : groupNode.children )
++            writeTestCase( *child );
++
++        xml.scopedElement( "system-out" ).writeText( trim( stdOutForSuite ), XmlFormatting::Newline );
++        xml.scopedElement( "system-err" ).writeText( trim( stdErrForSuite ), XmlFormatting::Newline );
++    }
++
++    void JunitReporter::writeTestCase( TestCaseNode const& testCaseNode ) {
++        TestCaseStats const& stats = testCaseNode.value;
+ 
+-            // Write test cases
+-            for( auto const& child : groupNode.children )
+-                writeTestCase( *child );
++        // All test cases have exactly one section - which represents the
++        // test case itself. That section may have 0-n nested sections
++        assert( testCaseNode.children.size() == 1 );
++        SectionNode const& rootSection = *testCaseNode.children.front();
+ 
+-            xml.scopedElement( "system-out" ).writeText( trim( stdOutForSuite.str() ), false );
+-            xml.scopedElement( "system-err" ).writeText( trim( stdErrForSuite.str() ), false );
++        std::string className = stats.testInfo.className;
++
++        if( className.empty() ) {
++            className = fileNameTag(stats.testInfo.tags);
++            if ( className.empty() )
++                className = "global";
+         }
+ 
+-        void writeTestCase( TestCaseNode const& testCaseNode ) {
+-            TestCaseStats const& stats = testCaseNode.value;
++        if ( !m_config->name().empty() )
++            className = m_config->name() + "." + className;
+ 
+-            // All test cases have exactly one section - which represents the
+-            // test case itself. That section may have 0-n nested sections
+-            assert( testCaseNode.children.size() == 1 );
+-            SectionNode const& rootSection = *testCaseNode.children.front();
++        writeSection( className, "", rootSection, stats.testInfo.okToFail() );
++    }
+ 
+-            std::string className = stats.testInfo.className;
++    void JunitReporter::writeSection( std::string const& className,
++                                      std::string const& rootName,
++                                      SectionNode const& sectionNode,
++                                      bool testOkToFail) {
++        std::string name = trim( sectionNode.stats.sectionInfo.name );
++        if( !rootName.empty() )
++            name = rootName + '/' + name;
+ 
++        if( !sectionNode.assertions.empty() ||
++            !sectionNode.stdOut.empty() ||
++            !sectionNode.stdErr.empty() ) {
++            XmlWriter::ScopedElement e = xml.scopedElement( "testcase" );
+             if( className.empty() ) {
+-                className = fileNameTag(stats.testInfo.tags);
+-                if ( className.empty() )
+-                    className = "global";
++                xml.writeAttribute( "classname", name );
++                xml.writeAttribute( "name", "root" );
+             }
++            else {
++                xml.writeAttribute( "classname", className );
++                xml.writeAttribute( "name", name );
++            }
++            xml.writeAttribute( "time", formatDuration( sectionNode.stats.durationInSeconds ) );
++            // This is not ideal, but it should be enough to mimic gtest's
++            // junit output.
++            // Ideally the JUnit reporter would also handle `skipTest`
++            // events and write those out appropriately.
++            xml.writeAttribute( "status", "run" );
++
++            if (sectionNode.stats.assertions.failedButOk) {
++                xml.scopedElement("skipped")
++                    .writeAttribute("message", "TEST_CASE tagged with !mayfail");
++            }
++
++            writeAssertions( sectionNode );
++
++            if( !sectionNode.stdOut.empty() )
++                xml.scopedElement( "system-out" ).writeText( trim( sectionNode.stdOut ), XmlFormatting::Newline );
++            if( !sectionNode.stdErr.empty() )
++                xml.scopedElement( "system-err" ).writeText( trim( sectionNode.stdErr ), XmlFormatting::Newline );
++        }
++        for( auto const& childNode : sectionNode.childSections )
++            if( className.empty() )
++                writeSection( name, "", *childNode, testOkToFail );
++            else
++                writeSection( className, name, *childNode, testOkToFail );
++    }
+ 
+-            if ( !m_config->name().empty() )
+-                className = m_config->name() + "." + className;
++    void JunitReporter::writeAssertions( SectionNode const& sectionNode ) {
++        for( auto const& assertion : sectionNode.assertions )
++            writeAssertion( assertion );
++    }
+ 
+-            writeSection( className, "", rootSection );
+-        }
++    void JunitReporter::writeAssertion( AssertionStats const& stats ) {
++        AssertionResult const& result = stats.assertionResult;
++        if( !result.isOk() ) {
++            std::string elementName;
++            switch( result.getResultType() ) {
++                case ResultWas::ThrewException:
++                case ResultWas::FatalErrorCondition:
++                    elementName = "error";
++                    break;
++                case ResultWas::ExplicitFailure:
++                case ResultWas::ExpressionFailed:
++                case ResultWas::DidntThrowException:
++                    elementName = "failure";
++                    break;
+ 
+-        void writeSection(  std::string const& className,
+-                            std::string const& rootName,
+-                            SectionNode const& sectionNode ) {
+-            std::string name = trim( sectionNode.stats.sectionInfo.name );
+-            if( !rootName.empty() )
+-                name = rootName + '/' + name;
++                // We should never see these here:
++                case ResultWas::Info:
++                case ResultWas::Warning:
++                case ResultWas::Ok:
++                case ResultWas::Unknown:
++                case ResultWas::FailureBit:
++                case ResultWas::Exception:
++                    elementName = "internalError";
++                    break;
++            }
+ 
+-            if( !sectionNode.assertions.empty() ||
+-                !sectionNode.stdOut.empty() ||
+-                !sectionNode.stdErr.empty() ) {
+-                XmlWriter::ScopedElement e = xml.scopedElement( "testcase" );
+-                if( className.empty() ) {
+-                    xml.writeAttribute( "classname", name );
+-                    xml.writeAttribute( "name", "root" );
+-                }
+-                else {
+-                    xml.writeAttribute( "classname", className );
+-                    xml.writeAttribute( "name", name );
+-                }
+-                xml.writeAttribute( "time", ::Catch::Detail::stringify( sectionNode.stats.durationInSeconds ) );
++            XmlWriter::ScopedElement e = xml.scopedElement( elementName );
+ 
+-                writeAssertions( sectionNode );
++            xml.writeAttribute( "message", result.getExpression() );
++            xml.writeAttribute( "type", result.getTestMacroName() );
+ 
+-                if( !sectionNode.stdOut.empty() )
+-                    xml.scopedElement( "system-out" ).writeText( trim( sectionNode.stdOut ), false );
+-                if( !sectionNode.stdErr.empty() )
+-                    xml.scopedElement( "system-err" ).writeText( trim( sectionNode.stdErr ), false );
++            ReusableStringStream rss;
++            if (stats.totals.assertions.total() > 0) {
++                rss << "FAILED" << ":\n";
++                if (result.hasExpression()) {
++                    rss << "  ";
++                    rss << result.getExpressionInMacro();
++                    rss << '\n';
++                }
++                if (result.hasExpandedExpression()) {
++                    rss << "with expansion:\n";
++                    rss << Column(result.getExpandedExpression()).indent(2) << '\n';
++                }
++            } else {
++                rss << '\n';
+             }
+-            for( auto const& childNode : sectionNode.childSections )
+-                if( className.empty() )
+-                    writeSection( name, "", *childNode );
+-                else
+-                    writeSection( className, name, *childNode );
+-        }
+ 
+-        void writeAssertions( SectionNode const& sectionNode ) {
+-            for( auto const& assertion : sectionNode.assertions )
+-                writeAssertion( assertion );
+-        }
+-        void writeAssertion( AssertionStats const& stats ) {
+-            AssertionResult const& result = stats.assertionResult;
+-            if( !result.isOk() ) {
+-                std::string elementName;
+-                switch( result.getResultType() ) {
+-                    case ResultWas::ThrewException:
+-                    case ResultWas::FatalErrorCondition:
+-                        elementName = "error";
+-                        break;
+-                    case ResultWas::ExplicitFailure:
+-                        elementName = "failure";
+-                        break;
+-                    case ResultWas::ExpressionFailed:
+-                        elementName = "failure";
+-                        break;
+-                    case ResultWas::DidntThrowException:
+-                        elementName = "failure";
+-                        break;
+-
+-                    // We should never see these here:
+-                    case ResultWas::Info:
+-                    case ResultWas::Warning:
+-                    case ResultWas::Ok:
+-                    case ResultWas::Unknown:
+-                    case ResultWas::FailureBit:
+-                    case ResultWas::Exception:
+-                        elementName = "internalError";
+-                        break;
+-                }
+-
+-                XmlWriter::ScopedElement e = xml.scopedElement( elementName );
+-
+-                xml.writeAttribute( "message", result.getExpandedExpression() );
+-                xml.writeAttribute( "type", result.getTestMacroName() );
+-
+-                std::ostringstream oss;
+-                if( !result.getMessage().empty() )
+-                    oss << result.getMessage() << '\n';
+-                for( auto const& msg : stats.infoMessages )
+-                    if( msg.type == ResultWas::Info )
+-                        oss << msg.message << '\n';
++            if( !result.getMessage().empty() )
++                rss << result.getMessage() << '\n';
++            for( auto const& msg : stats.infoMessages )
++                if( msg.type == ResultWas::Info )
++                    rss << msg.message << '\n';
+ 
+-                oss << "at " << result.getSourceInfo();
+-                xml.writeText( oss.str(), false );
+-            }
++            rss << "at " << result.getSourceInfo();
++            xml.writeText( rss.str(), XmlFormatting::Newline );
+         }
++    }
+ 
+-        XmlWriter xml;
+-        Timer suiteTimer;
+-        std::ostringstream stdOutForSuite;
+-        std::ostringstream stdErrForSuite;
+-        unsigned int unexpectedExceptions = 0;
+-        bool m_okToFail = false;
+-    };
+-
+-    JunitReporter::~JunitReporter() {}
+     CATCH_REGISTER_REPORTER( "junit", JunitReporter )
+ 
+ } // end namespace Catch
+ // end catch_reporter_junit.cpp
+-// start catch_reporter_multi.cpp
++// start catch_reporter_listening.cpp
++
++#include <cassert>
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+ 
+-    void MultipleReporters::add( IStreamingReporterPtr&& reporter ) {
+-        m_reporters.push_back( std::move( reporter ) );
++    ListeningReporter::ListeningReporter() {
++        // We will assume that listeners will always want all assertions
++        m_preferences.shouldReportAllAssertions = true;
+     }
+ 
+-    ReporterPreferences MultipleReporters::getPreferences() const {
+-        return m_reporters[0]->getPreferences();
++    void ListeningReporter::addListener( IStreamingReporterPtr&& listener ) {
++        m_listeners.push_back( std::move( listener ) );
+     }
+ 
+-    std::set<Verbosity> MultipleReporters::getSupportedVerbosities() {
++    void ListeningReporter::addReporter(IStreamingReporterPtr&& reporter) {
++        assert(!m_reporter && "Listening reporter can wrap only 1 real reporter");
++        m_reporter = std::move( reporter );
++        m_preferences.shouldRedirectStdOut = m_reporter->getPreferences().shouldRedirectStdOut;
++    }
++
++    ReporterPreferences ListeningReporter::getPreferences() const {
++        return m_preferences;
++    }
++
++    std::set<Verbosity> ListeningReporter::getSupportedVerbosities() {
+         return std::set<Verbosity>{ };
+     }
+ 
+-    void MultipleReporters::noMatchingTestCases( std::string const& spec ) {
+-        for( auto const& reporter : m_reporters )
+-            reporter->noMatchingTestCases( spec );
++    void ListeningReporter::noMatchingTestCases( std::string const& spec ) {
++        for ( auto const& listener : m_listeners ) {
++            listener->noMatchingTestCases( spec );
++        }
++        m_reporter->noMatchingTestCases( spec );
+     }
+ 
+-    void MultipleReporters::benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& benchmarkInfo ) {
+-        for( auto const& reporter : m_reporters )
+-            reporter->benchmarkStarting( benchmarkInfo );
++    void ListeningReporter::reportInvalidArguments(std::string const&arg){
++        for ( auto const& listener : m_listeners ) {
++            listener->reportInvalidArguments( arg );
++        }
++        m_reporter->reportInvalidArguments( arg );
+     }
+-    void MultipleReporters::benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats const& benchmarkStats ) {
+-        for( auto const& reporter : m_reporters )
+-            reporter->benchmarkEnded( benchmarkStats );
++
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING)
++    void ListeningReporter::benchmarkPreparing( std::string const& name ) {
++		for (auto const& listener : m_listeners) {
++			listener->benchmarkPreparing(name);
++		}
++		m_reporter->benchmarkPreparing(name);
++	}
++    void ListeningReporter::benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& benchmarkInfo ) {
++        for ( auto const& listener : m_listeners ) {
++            listener->benchmarkStarting( benchmarkInfo );
++        }
++        m_reporter->benchmarkStarting( benchmarkInfo );
+     }
++    void ListeningReporter::benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& benchmarkStats ) {
++        for ( auto const& listener : m_listeners ) {
++            listener->benchmarkEnded( benchmarkStats );
++        }
++        m_reporter->benchmarkEnded( benchmarkStats );
++    }
++
++	void ListeningReporter::benchmarkFailed( std::string const& error ) {
++		for (auto const& listener : m_listeners) {
++			listener->benchmarkFailed(error);
++		}
++		m_reporter->benchmarkFailed(error);
++	}
++#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING
+ 
+-    void MultipleReporters::testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& testRunInfo ) {
+-        for( auto const& reporter : m_reporters )
+-            reporter->testRunStarting( testRunInfo );
++    void ListeningReporter::testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& testRunInfo ) {
++        for ( auto const& listener : m_listeners ) {
++            listener->testRunStarting( testRunInfo );
++        }
++        m_reporter->testRunStarting( testRunInfo );
+     }
+ 
+-    void MultipleReporters::testGroupStarting( GroupInfo const& groupInfo ) {
+-        for( auto const& reporter : m_reporters )
+-            reporter->testGroupStarting( groupInfo );
++    void ListeningReporter::testGroupStarting( GroupInfo const& groupInfo ) {
++        for ( auto const& listener : m_listeners ) {
++            listener->testGroupStarting( groupInfo );
++        }
++        m_reporter->testGroupStarting( groupInfo );
+     }
+ 
+-    void MultipleReporters::testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) {
+-        for( auto const& reporter : m_reporters )
+-            reporter->testCaseStarting( testInfo );
++    void ListeningReporter::testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) {
++        for ( auto const& listener : m_listeners ) {
++            listener->testCaseStarting( testInfo );
++        }
++        m_reporter->testCaseStarting( testInfo );
+     }
+ 
+-    void MultipleReporters::sectionStarting( SectionInfo const& sectionInfo ) {
+-        for( auto const& reporter : m_reporters )
+-            reporter->sectionStarting( sectionInfo );
++    void ListeningReporter::sectionStarting( SectionInfo const& sectionInfo ) {
++        for ( auto const& listener : m_listeners ) {
++            listener->sectionStarting( sectionInfo );
++        }
++        m_reporter->sectionStarting( sectionInfo );
+     }
+ 
+-    void MultipleReporters::assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& assertionInfo ) {
+-        for( auto const& reporter : m_reporters )
+-            reporter->assertionStarting( assertionInfo );
++    void ListeningReporter::assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& assertionInfo ) {
++        for ( auto const& listener : m_listeners ) {
++            listener->assertionStarting( assertionInfo );
++        }
++        m_reporter->assertionStarting( assertionInfo );
+     }
+ 
+     // The return value indicates if the messages buffer should be cleared:
+-    bool MultipleReporters::assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) {
+-        bool clearBuffer = false;
+-        for( auto const& reporter : m_reporters )
+-            clearBuffer |= reporter->assertionEnded( assertionStats );
+-        return clearBuffer;
++    bool ListeningReporter::assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) {
++        for( auto const& listener : m_listeners ) {
++            static_cast<void>( listener->assertionEnded( assertionStats ) );
++        }
++        return m_reporter->assertionEnded( assertionStats );
+     }
+ 
+-    void MultipleReporters::sectionEnded( SectionStats const& sectionStats ) {
+-        for( auto const& reporter : m_reporters )
+-            reporter->sectionEnded( sectionStats );
++    void ListeningReporter::sectionEnded( SectionStats const& sectionStats ) {
++        for ( auto const& listener : m_listeners ) {
++            listener->sectionEnded( sectionStats );
++        }
++        m_reporter->sectionEnded( sectionStats );
+     }
+ 
+-    void MultipleReporters::testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats ) {
+-        for( auto const& reporter : m_reporters )
+-            reporter->testCaseEnded( testCaseStats );
++    void ListeningReporter::testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats ) {
++        for ( auto const& listener : m_listeners ) {
++            listener->testCaseEnded( testCaseStats );
++        }
++        m_reporter->testCaseEnded( testCaseStats );
+     }
+ 
+-    void MultipleReporters::testGroupEnded( TestGroupStats const& testGroupStats ) {
+-        for( auto const& reporter : m_reporters )
+-            reporter->testGroupEnded( testGroupStats );
++    void ListeningReporter::testGroupEnded( TestGroupStats const& testGroupStats ) {
++        for ( auto const& listener : m_listeners ) {
++            listener->testGroupEnded( testGroupStats );
++        }
++        m_reporter->testGroupEnded( testGroupStats );
+     }
+ 
+-    void MultipleReporters::testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& testRunStats ) {
+-        for( auto const& reporter : m_reporters )
+-            reporter->testRunEnded( testRunStats );
++    void ListeningReporter::testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& testRunStats ) {
++        for ( auto const& listener : m_listeners ) {
++            listener->testRunEnded( testRunStats );
++        }
++        m_reporter->testRunEnded( testRunStats );
+     }
+ 
+-    void MultipleReporters::skipTest( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) {
+-        for( auto const& reporter : m_reporters )
+-            reporter->skipTest( testInfo );
++    void ListeningReporter::skipTest( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) {
++        for ( auto const& listener : m_listeners ) {
++            listener->skipTest( testInfo );
++        }
++        m_reporter->skipTest( testInfo );
+     }
+ 
+-    bool MultipleReporters::isMulti() const {
++    bool ListeningReporter::isMulti() const {
+         return true;
+     }
+ 
+ } // end namespace Catch
+-// end catch_reporter_multi.cpp
++// end catch_reporter_listening.cpp
+ // start catch_reporter_xml.cpp
+ 
+ #if defined(_MSC_VER)
+@@ -11475,211 +17245,258 @@
+ #endif
+ 
+ namespace Catch {
+-    class XmlReporter : public StreamingReporterBase<XmlReporter> {
+-    public:
+-        XmlReporter( ReporterConfig const& _config )
+-        :   StreamingReporterBase( _config ),
+-            m_xml(_config.stream())
+-        {
+-            m_reporterPrefs.shouldRedirectStdOut = true;
+-        }
+-
+-        ~XmlReporter() override;
+-
+-        static std::string getDescription() {
+-            return "Reports test results as an XML document";
+-        }
+-
+-        virtual std::string getStylesheetRef() const {
+-            return std::string();
+-        }
+-
+-        void writeSourceInfo( SourceLineInfo const& sourceInfo ) {
+-            m_xml
+-                .writeAttribute( "filename", sourceInfo.file )
+-                .writeAttribute( "line", sourceInfo.line );
+-        }
+-
+-    public: // StreamingReporterBase
++    XmlReporter::XmlReporter( ReporterConfig const& _config )
++    :   StreamingReporterBase( _config ),
++        m_xml(_config.stream())
++    {
++        m_reporterPrefs.shouldRedirectStdOut = true;
++        m_reporterPrefs.shouldReportAllAssertions = true;
++    }
+ 
+-        void noMatchingTestCases( std::string const& s ) override {
+-            StreamingReporterBase::noMatchingTestCases( s );
+-        }
++    XmlReporter::~XmlReporter() = default;
+ 
+-        void testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& testInfo ) override {
+-            StreamingReporterBase::testRunStarting( testInfo );
+-            std::string stylesheetRef = getStylesheetRef();
+-            if( !stylesheetRef.empty() )
+-                m_xml.writeStylesheetRef( stylesheetRef );
+-            m_xml.startElement( "Catch" );
+-            if( !m_config->name().empty() )
+-                m_xml.writeAttribute( "name", m_config->name() );
+-        }
+-
+-        void testGroupStarting( GroupInfo const& groupInfo ) override {
+-            StreamingReporterBase::testGroupStarting( groupInfo );
+-            m_xml.startElement( "Group" )
+-                .writeAttribute( "name", groupInfo.name );
+-        }
+-
+-        void testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) override {
+-            StreamingReporterBase::testCaseStarting(testInfo);
+-            m_xml.startElement( "TestCase" )
+-                .writeAttribute( "name", trim( testInfo.name ) )
+-                .writeAttribute( "description", testInfo.description )
+-                .writeAttribute( "tags", testInfo.tagsAsString() );
++    std::string XmlReporter::getDescription() {
++        return "Reports test results as an XML document";
++    }
+ 
+-            writeSourceInfo( testInfo.lineInfo );
++    std::string XmlReporter::getStylesheetRef() const {
++        return std::string();
++    }
+ 
+-            if ( m_config->showDurations() == ShowDurations::Always )
+-                m_testCaseTimer.start();
++    void XmlReporter::writeSourceInfo( SourceLineInfo const& sourceInfo ) {
++        m_xml
++            .writeAttribute( "filename", sourceInfo.file )
++            .writeAttribute( "line", sourceInfo.line );
++    }
++
++    void XmlReporter::noMatchingTestCases( std::string const& s ) {
++        StreamingReporterBase::noMatchingTestCases( s );
++    }
++
++    void XmlReporter::testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& testInfo ) {
++        StreamingReporterBase::testRunStarting( testInfo );
++        std::string stylesheetRef = getStylesheetRef();
++        if( !stylesheetRef.empty() )
++            m_xml.writeStylesheetRef( stylesheetRef );
++        m_xml.startElement( "Catch" );
++        if( !m_config->name().empty() )
++            m_xml.writeAttribute( "name", m_config->name() );
++        if (m_config->testSpec().hasFilters())
++            m_xml.writeAttribute( "filters", serializeFilters( m_config->getTestsOrTags() ) );
++        if( m_config->rngSeed() != 0 )
++            m_xml.scopedElement( "Randomness" )
++                .writeAttribute( "seed", m_config->rngSeed() );
++    }
++
++    void XmlReporter::testGroupStarting( GroupInfo const& groupInfo ) {
++        StreamingReporterBase::testGroupStarting( groupInfo );
++        m_xml.startElement( "Group" )
++            .writeAttribute( "name", groupInfo.name );
++    }
++
++    void XmlReporter::testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) {
++        StreamingReporterBase::testCaseStarting(testInfo);
++        m_xml.startElement( "TestCase" )
++            .writeAttribute( "name", trim( testInfo.name ) )
++            .writeAttribute( "description", testInfo.description )
++            .writeAttribute( "tags", testInfo.tagsAsString() );
++
++        writeSourceInfo( testInfo.lineInfo );
++
++        if ( m_config->showDurations() == ShowDurations::Always )
++            m_testCaseTimer.start();
++        m_xml.ensureTagClosed();
++    }
++
++    void XmlReporter::sectionStarting( SectionInfo const& sectionInfo ) {
++        StreamingReporterBase::sectionStarting( sectionInfo );
++        if( m_sectionDepth++ > 0 ) {
++            m_xml.startElement( "Section" )
++                .writeAttribute( "name", trim( sectionInfo.name ) );
++            writeSourceInfo( sectionInfo.lineInfo );
+             m_xml.ensureTagClosed();
+         }
++    }
+ 
+-        void sectionStarting( SectionInfo const& sectionInfo ) override {
+-            StreamingReporterBase::sectionStarting( sectionInfo );
+-            if( m_sectionDepth++ > 0 ) {
+-                m_xml.startElement( "Section" )
+-                    .writeAttribute( "name", trim( sectionInfo.name ) )
+-                    .writeAttribute( "description", sectionInfo.description );
+-                writeSourceInfo( sectionInfo.lineInfo );
+-                m_xml.ensureTagClosed();
+-            }
+-        }
+-
+-        void assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& ) override { }
++    void XmlReporter::assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& ) { }
+ 
+-        bool assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) override {
++    bool XmlReporter::assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) {
+ 
+-            AssertionResult const& result = assertionStats.assertionResult;
++        AssertionResult const& result = assertionStats.assertionResult;
+ 
+-            bool includeResults = m_config->includeSuccessfulResults() || !result.isOk();
++        bool includeResults = m_config->includeSuccessfulResults() || !result.isOk();
+ 
+-            if( includeResults ) {
+-                // Print any info messages in <Info> tags.
+-                for( auto const& msg : assertionStats.infoMessages ) {
+-                    if( msg.type == ResultWas::Info ) {
+-                        m_xml.scopedElement( "Info" )
+-                                .writeText( msg.message );
+-                    } else if ( msg.type == ResultWas::Warning ) {
+-                        m_xml.scopedElement( "Warning" )
+-                                .writeText( msg.message );
+-                    }
++        if( includeResults || result.getResultType() == ResultWas::Warning ) {
++            // Print any info messages in <Info> tags.
++            for( auto const& msg : assertionStats.infoMessages ) {
++                if( msg.type == ResultWas::Info && includeResults ) {
++                    m_xml.scopedElement( "Info" )
++                            .writeText( msg.message );
++                } else if ( msg.type == ResultWas::Warning ) {
++                    m_xml.scopedElement( "Warning" )
++                            .writeText( msg.message );
+                 }
+             }
++        }
+ 
+-            // Drop out if result was successful but we're not printing them.
+-            if( !includeResults && result.getResultType() != ResultWas::Warning )
+-                return true;
+-
+-            // Print the expression if there is one.
+-            if( result.hasExpression() ) {
+-                m_xml.startElement( "Expression" )
+-                    .writeAttribute( "success", result.succeeded() )
+-                    .writeAttribute( "type", result.getTestMacroName() );
++        // Drop out if result was successful but we're not printing them.
++        if( !includeResults && result.getResultType() != ResultWas::Warning )
++            return true;
+ 
++        // Print the expression if there is one.
++        if( result.hasExpression() ) {
++            m_xml.startElement( "Expression" )
++                .writeAttribute( "success", result.succeeded() )
++                .writeAttribute( "type", result.getTestMacroName() );
++
++            writeSourceInfo( result.getSourceInfo() );
++
++            m_xml.scopedElement( "Original" )
++                .writeText( result.getExpression() );
++            m_xml.scopedElement( "Expanded" )
++                .writeText( result.getExpandedExpression() );
++        }
++
++        // And... Print a result applicable to each result type.
++        switch( result.getResultType() ) {
++            case ResultWas::ThrewException:
++                m_xml.startElement( "Exception" );
+                 writeSourceInfo( result.getSourceInfo() );
+-
+-                m_xml.scopedElement( "Original" )
+-                    .writeText( result.getExpression() );
+-                m_xml.scopedElement( "Expanded" )
+-                    .writeText( result.getExpandedExpression() );
+-            }
+-
+-            // And... Print a result applicable to each result type.
+-            switch( result.getResultType() ) {
+-                case ResultWas::ThrewException:
+-                    m_xml.startElement( "Exception" );
+-                    writeSourceInfo( result.getSourceInfo() );
+-                    m_xml.writeText( result.getMessage() );
+-                    m_xml.endElement();
+-                    break;
+-                case ResultWas::FatalErrorCondition:
+-                    m_xml.startElement( "FatalErrorCondition" );
+-                    writeSourceInfo( result.getSourceInfo() );
+-                    m_xml.writeText( result.getMessage() );
+-                    m_xml.endElement();
+-                    break;
+-                case ResultWas::Info:
+-                    m_xml.scopedElement( "Info" )
+-                        .writeText( result.getMessage() );
+-                    break;
+-                case ResultWas::Warning:
+-                    // Warning will already have been written
+-                    break;
+-                case ResultWas::ExplicitFailure:
+-                    m_xml.startElement( "Failure" );
+-                    writeSourceInfo( result.getSourceInfo() );
+-                    m_xml.writeText( result.getMessage() );
+-                    m_xml.endElement();
+-                    break;
+-                default:
+-                    break;
+-            }
+-
+-            if( result.hasExpression() )
++                m_xml.writeText( result.getMessage() );
+                 m_xml.endElement();
+-
+-            return true;
+-        }
+-
+-        void sectionEnded( SectionStats const& sectionStats ) override {
+-            StreamingReporterBase::sectionEnded( sectionStats );
+-            if( --m_sectionDepth > 0 ) {
+-                XmlWriter::ScopedElement e = m_xml.scopedElement( "OverallResults" );
+-                e.writeAttribute( "successes", sectionStats.assertions.passed );
+-                e.writeAttribute( "failures", sectionStats.assertions.failed );
+-                e.writeAttribute( "expectedFailures", sectionStats.assertions.failedButOk );
+-
+-                if ( m_config->showDurations() == ShowDurations::Always )
+-                    e.writeAttribute( "durationInSeconds", sectionStats.durationInSeconds );
+-
++                break;
++            case ResultWas::FatalErrorCondition:
++                m_xml.startElement( "FatalErrorCondition" );
++                writeSourceInfo( result.getSourceInfo() );
++                m_xml.writeText( result.getMessage() );
+                 m_xml.endElement();
+-            }
++                break;
++            case ResultWas::Info:
++                m_xml.scopedElement( "Info" )
++                    .writeText( result.getMessage() );
++                break;
++            case ResultWas::Warning:
++                // Warning will already have been written
++                break;
++            case ResultWas::ExplicitFailure:
++                m_xml.startElement( "Failure" );
++                writeSourceInfo( result.getSourceInfo() );
++                m_xml.writeText( result.getMessage() );
++                m_xml.endElement();
++                break;
++            default:
++                break;
+         }
+ 
+-        void testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats ) override {
+-            StreamingReporterBase::testCaseEnded( testCaseStats );
+-            XmlWriter::ScopedElement e = m_xml.scopedElement( "OverallResult" );
+-            e.writeAttribute( "success", testCaseStats.totals.assertions.allOk() );
+-
+-            if ( m_config->showDurations() == ShowDurations::Always )
+-                e.writeAttribute( "durationInSeconds", m_testCaseTimer.getElapsedSeconds() );
++        if( result.hasExpression() )
++            m_xml.endElement();
+ 
+-            if( !testCaseStats.stdOut.empty() )
+-                m_xml.scopedElement( "StdOut" ).writeText( trim( testCaseStats.stdOut ), false );
+-            if( !testCaseStats.stdErr.empty() )
+-                m_xml.scopedElement( "StdErr" ).writeText( trim( testCaseStats.stdErr ), false );
++        return true;
++    }
+ 
+-            m_xml.endElement();
+-        }
++    void XmlReporter::sectionEnded( SectionStats const& sectionStats ) {
++        StreamingReporterBase::sectionEnded( sectionStats );
++        if( --m_sectionDepth > 0 ) {
++            XmlWriter::ScopedElement e = m_xml.scopedElement( "OverallResults" );
++            e.writeAttribute( "successes", sectionStats.assertions.passed );
++            e.writeAttribute( "failures", sectionStats.assertions.failed );
++            e.writeAttribute( "expectedFailures", sectionStats.assertions.failedButOk );
+ 
+-        void testGroupEnded( TestGroupStats const& testGroupStats ) override {
+-            StreamingReporterBase::testGroupEnded( testGroupStats );
+-            // TODO: Check testGroupStats.aborting and act accordingly.
+-            m_xml.scopedElement( "OverallResults" )
+-                .writeAttribute( "successes", testGroupStats.totals.assertions.passed )
+-                .writeAttribute( "failures", testGroupStats.totals.assertions.failed )
+-                .writeAttribute( "expectedFailures", testGroupStats.totals.assertions.failedButOk );
+-            m_xml.endElement();
+-        }
++            if ( m_config->showDurations() == ShowDurations::Always )
++                e.writeAttribute( "durationInSeconds", sectionStats.durationInSeconds );
+ 
+-        void testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& testRunStats ) override {
+-            StreamingReporterBase::testRunEnded( testRunStats );
+-            m_xml.scopedElement( "OverallResults" )
+-                .writeAttribute( "successes", testRunStats.totals.assertions.passed )
+-                .writeAttribute( "failures", testRunStats.totals.assertions.failed )
+-                .writeAttribute( "expectedFailures", testRunStats.totals.assertions.failedButOk );
+             m_xml.endElement();
+         }
++    }
+ 
+-    private:
+-        Timer m_testCaseTimer;
+-        XmlWriter m_xml;
+-        int m_sectionDepth = 0;
+-    };
++    void XmlReporter::testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats ) {
++        StreamingReporterBase::testCaseEnded( testCaseStats );
++        XmlWriter::ScopedElement e = m_xml.scopedElement( "OverallResult" );
++        e.writeAttribute( "success", testCaseStats.totals.assertions.allOk() );
++
++        if ( m_config->showDurations() == ShowDurations::Always )
++            e.writeAttribute( "durationInSeconds", m_testCaseTimer.getElapsedSeconds() );
++
++        if( !testCaseStats.stdOut.empty() )
++            m_xml.scopedElement( "StdOut" ).writeText( trim( testCaseStats.stdOut ), XmlFormatting::Newline );
++        if( !testCaseStats.stdErr.empty() )
++            m_xml.scopedElement( "StdErr" ).writeText( trim( testCaseStats.stdErr ), XmlFormatting::Newline );
++
++        m_xml.endElement();
++    }
++
++    void XmlReporter::testGroupEnded( TestGroupStats const& testGroupStats ) {
++        StreamingReporterBase::testGroupEnded( testGroupStats );
++        // TODO: Check testGroupStats.aborting and act accordingly.
++        m_xml.scopedElement( "OverallResults" )
++            .writeAttribute( "successes", testGroupStats.totals.assertions.passed )
++            .writeAttribute( "failures", testGroupStats.totals.assertions.failed )
++            .writeAttribute( "expectedFailures", testGroupStats.totals.assertions.failedButOk );
++        m_xml.scopedElement( "OverallResultsCases")
++            .writeAttribute( "successes", testGroupStats.totals.testCases.passed )
++            .writeAttribute( "failures", testGroupStats.totals.testCases.failed )
++            .writeAttribute( "expectedFailures", testGroupStats.totals.testCases.failedButOk );
++        m_xml.endElement();
++    }
++
++    void XmlReporter::testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& testRunStats ) {
++        StreamingReporterBase::testRunEnded( testRunStats );
++        m_xml.scopedElement( "OverallResults" )
++            .writeAttribute( "successes", testRunStats.totals.assertions.passed )
++            .writeAttribute( "failures", testRunStats.totals.assertions.failed )
++            .writeAttribute( "expectedFailures", testRunStats.totals.assertions.failedButOk );
++        m_xml.scopedElement( "OverallResultsCases")
++            .writeAttribute( "successes", testRunStats.totals.testCases.passed )
++            .writeAttribute( "failures", testRunStats.totals.testCases.failed )
++            .writeAttribute( "expectedFailures", testRunStats.totals.testCases.failedButOk );
++        m_xml.endElement();
++    }
++
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING)
++    void XmlReporter::benchmarkPreparing(std::string const& name) {
++        m_xml.startElement("BenchmarkResults")
++            .writeAttribute("name", name);
++    }
++
++    void XmlReporter::benchmarkStarting(BenchmarkInfo const &info) {
++        m_xml.writeAttribute("samples", info.samples)
++            .writeAttribute("resamples", info.resamples)
++            .writeAttribute("iterations", info.iterations)
++            .writeAttribute("clockResolution", info.clockResolution)
++            .writeAttribute("estimatedDuration", info.estimatedDuration)
++            .writeComment("All values in nano seconds");
++    }
++
++    void XmlReporter::benchmarkEnded(BenchmarkStats<> const& benchmarkStats) {
++        m_xml.startElement("mean")
++            .writeAttribute("value", benchmarkStats.mean.point.count())
++            .writeAttribute("lowerBound", benchmarkStats.mean.lower_bound.count())
++            .writeAttribute("upperBound", benchmarkStats.mean.upper_bound.count())
++            .writeAttribute("ci", benchmarkStats.mean.confidence_interval);
++        m_xml.endElement();
++        m_xml.startElement("standardDeviation")
++            .writeAttribute("value", benchmarkStats.standardDeviation.point.count())
++            .writeAttribute("lowerBound", benchmarkStats.standardDeviation.lower_bound.count())
++            .writeAttribute("upperBound", benchmarkStats.standardDeviation.upper_bound.count())
++            .writeAttribute("ci", benchmarkStats.standardDeviation.confidence_interval);
++        m_xml.endElement();
++        m_xml.startElement("outliers")
++            .writeAttribute("variance", benchmarkStats.outlierVariance)
++            .writeAttribute("lowMild", benchmarkStats.outliers.low_mild)
++            .writeAttribute("lowSevere", benchmarkStats.outliers.low_severe)
++            .writeAttribute("highMild", benchmarkStats.outliers.high_mild)
++            .writeAttribute("highSevere", benchmarkStats.outliers.high_severe);
++        m_xml.endElement();
++        m_xml.endElement();
++    }
++
++    void XmlReporter::benchmarkFailed(std::string const &error) {
++        m_xml.scopedElement("failed").
++            writeAttribute("message", error);
++        m_xml.endElement();
++    }
++#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING
+ 
+-    XmlReporter::~XmlReporter() {}
+     CATCH_REGISTER_REPORTER( "xml", XmlReporter )
+ 
+ } // end namespace Catch
+@@ -11705,7 +17522,7 @@
+ 
+ #ifndef __OBJC__
+ 
+-#if defined(WIN32) && defined(_UNICODE) && !defined(DO_NOT_USE_WMAIN)
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR) && defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS) && defined(_UNICODE) && !defined(DO_NOT_USE_WMAIN)
+ // Standard C/C++ Win32 Unicode wmain entry point
+ extern "C" int wmain (int argc, wchar_t * argv[], wchar_t * []) {
+ #else
+@@ -11739,6 +17556,8 @@
+ // end catch_default_main.hpp
+ #endif
+ 
++#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_IMPL_ONLY)
++
+ #ifdef CLARA_CONFIG_MAIN_NOT_DEFINED
+ #  undef CLARA_CONFIG_MAIN
+ #endif
+@@ -11751,7 +17570,7 @@
+ #define CATCH_REQUIRE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( "CATCH_REQUIRE", Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, __VA_ARGS__ )
+ #define CATCH_REQUIRE_FALSE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( "CATCH_REQUIRE_FALSE", Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal | Catch::ResultDisposition::FalseTest, __VA_ARGS__ )
+ 
+-#define CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS( "CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS", Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, "", __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS( "CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS", Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, __VA_ARGS__ )
+ #define CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS( expr, exceptionType ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_AS( "CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS", exceptionType, Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, expr )
+ #define CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH( expr, matcher ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_STR_MATCHES( "CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH", Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, matcher, expr )
+ #if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_MATCHERS)
+@@ -11765,7 +17584,7 @@
+ #define CATCH_CHECKED_ELSE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_ELSE( "CATCH_CHECKED_ELSE", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, __VA_ARGS__ )
+ #define CATCH_CHECK_NOFAIL( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( "CATCH_CHECK_NOFAIL", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure | Catch::ResultDisposition::SuppressFail, __VA_ARGS__ )
+ 
+-#define CATCH_CHECK_THROWS( ... )  INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS( "CATCH_CHECK_THROWS", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, "", __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define CATCH_CHECK_THROWS( ... )  INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS( "CATCH_CHECK_THROWS", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, __VA_ARGS__ )
+ #define CATCH_CHECK_THROWS_AS( expr, exceptionType ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_AS( "CATCH_CHECK_THROWS_AS", exceptionType, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, expr )
+ #define CATCH_CHECK_THROWS_WITH( expr, matcher ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_STR_MATCHES( "CATCH_CHECK_THROWS_WITH", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, matcher, expr )
+ #if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_MATCHERS)
+@@ -11780,28 +17599,66 @@
+ #endif // CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_MATCHERS
+ 
+ #define CATCH_INFO( msg ) INTERNAL_CATCH_INFO( "CATCH_INFO", msg )
++#define CATCH_UNSCOPED_INFO( msg ) INTERNAL_CATCH_UNSCOPED_INFO( "CATCH_UNSCOPED_INFO", msg )
+ #define CATCH_WARN( msg ) INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( "CATCH_WARN", Catch::ResultWas::Warning, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, msg )
+-#define CATCH_CAPTURE( msg ) INTERNAL_CATCH_INFO( "CATCH_CAPTURE", #msg " := " << ::Catch::Detail::stringify(msg) )
++#define CATCH_CAPTURE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_CAPTURE( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(capturer), "CATCH_CAPTURE",__VA_ARGS__ )
+ 
+ #define CATCH_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+ #define CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+ #define CATCH_METHOD_AS_TEST_CASE( method, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_METHOD_AS_TEST_CASE( method, __VA_ARGS__ )
+ #define CATCH_REGISTER_TEST_CASE( Function, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_REGISTER_TESTCASE( Function, __VA_ARGS__ )
+ #define CATCH_SECTION( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_SECTION( __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( __VA_ARGS__ )
+ #define CATCH_FAIL( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( "CATCH_FAIL", Catch::ResultWas::ExplicitFailure, Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, __VA_ARGS__ )
+ #define CATCH_FAIL_CHECK( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( "CATCH_FAIL_CHECK", Catch::ResultWas::ExplicitFailure, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, __VA_ARGS__ )
+ #define CATCH_SUCCEED( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( "CATCH_SUCCEED", Catch::ResultWas::Ok, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, __VA_ARGS__ )
+ 
+ #define CATCH_ANON_TEST_CASE() INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE()
+ 
++#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#else
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#endif
++
++#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_RUNTIME_STATIC_REQUIRE)
++#define CATCH_STATIC_REQUIRE( ... )       static_assert(   __VA_ARGS__ ,      #__VA_ARGS__ );     CATCH_SUCCEED( #__VA_ARGS__ )
++#define CATCH_STATIC_REQUIRE_FALSE( ... ) static_assert( !(__VA_ARGS__), "!(" #__VA_ARGS__ ")" ); CATCH_SUCCEED( #__VA_ARGS__ )
++#else
++#define CATCH_STATIC_REQUIRE( ... )       CATCH_REQUIRE( __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define CATCH_STATIC_REQUIRE_FALSE( ... ) CATCH_REQUIRE_FALSE( __VA_ARGS__ )
++#endif
++
+ // "BDD-style" convenience wrappers
+ #define CATCH_SCENARIO( ... ) CATCH_TEST_CASE( "Scenario: " __VA_ARGS__ )
+ #define CATCH_SCENARIO_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, "Scenario: " __VA_ARGS__ )
+-#define CATCH_GIVEN( desc )    CATCH_SECTION( std::string( "Given: ") + desc )
+-#define CATCH_WHEN( desc )     CATCH_SECTION( std::string( " When: ") + desc )
+-#define CATCH_AND_WHEN( desc ) CATCH_SECTION( std::string( "  And: ") + desc )
+-#define CATCH_THEN( desc )     CATCH_SECTION( std::string( " Then: ") + desc )
+-#define CATCH_AND_THEN( desc ) CATCH_SECTION( std::string( "  And: ") + desc )
++#define CATCH_GIVEN( desc )     INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "    Given: " << desc )
++#define CATCH_AND_GIVEN( desc ) INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "And given: " << desc )
++#define CATCH_WHEN( desc )      INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "     When: " << desc )
++#define CATCH_AND_WHEN( desc )  INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( " And when: " << desc )
++#define CATCH_THEN( desc )      INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "     Then: " << desc )
++#define CATCH_AND_THEN( desc )  INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "      And: " << desc )
++
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING)
++#define CATCH_BENCHMARK(...) \
++    INTERNAL_CATCH_BENCHMARK(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(C_A_T_C_H_B_E_N_C_H_), INTERNAL_CATCH_GET_1_ARG(__VA_ARGS__,,), INTERNAL_CATCH_GET_2_ARG(__VA_ARGS__,,))
++#define CATCH_BENCHMARK_ADVANCED(name) \
++    INTERNAL_CATCH_BENCHMARK_ADVANCED(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(C_A_T_C_H_B_E_N_C_H_), name)
++#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING
+ 
+ // If CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL is not defined then the CATCH_ prefix is not required
+ #else
+@@ -11838,19 +17695,53 @@
+ #endif // CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_MATCHERS
+ 
+ #define INFO( msg ) INTERNAL_CATCH_INFO( "INFO", msg )
++#define UNSCOPED_INFO( msg ) INTERNAL_CATCH_UNSCOPED_INFO( "UNSCOPED_INFO", msg )
+ #define WARN( msg ) INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( "WARN", Catch::ResultWas::Warning, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, msg )
+-#define CAPTURE( msg ) INTERNAL_CATCH_INFO( "CAPTURE", #msg " := " << ::Catch::Detail::stringify(msg) )
++#define CAPTURE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_CAPTURE( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(capturer), "CAPTURE",__VA_ARGS__ )
+ 
+ #define TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+ #define TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+ #define METHOD_AS_TEST_CASE( method, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_METHOD_AS_TEST_CASE( method, __VA_ARGS__ )
+ #define REGISTER_TEST_CASE( Function, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_REGISTER_TESTCASE( Function, __VA_ARGS__ )
+ #define SECTION( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_SECTION( __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define DYNAMIC_SECTION( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( __VA_ARGS__ )
+ #define FAIL( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( "FAIL", Catch::ResultWas::ExplicitFailure, Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, __VA_ARGS__ )
+ #define FAIL_CHECK( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( "FAIL_CHECK", Catch::ResultWas::ExplicitFailure, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, __VA_ARGS__ )
+ #define SUCCEED( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( "SUCCEED", Catch::ResultWas::Ok, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, __VA_ARGS__ )
+ #define ANON_TEST_CASE() INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE()
+ 
++#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
++#define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE(__VA_ARGS__)
++#define TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#else
++#define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#define TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#define TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#endif
++
++#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_RUNTIME_STATIC_REQUIRE)
++#define STATIC_REQUIRE( ... )       static_assert(   __VA_ARGS__,  #__VA_ARGS__ ); SUCCEED( #__VA_ARGS__ )
++#define STATIC_REQUIRE_FALSE( ... ) static_assert( !(__VA_ARGS__), "!(" #__VA_ARGS__ ")" ); SUCCEED( "!(" #__VA_ARGS__ ")" )
++#else
++#define STATIC_REQUIRE( ... )       REQUIRE( __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define STATIC_REQUIRE_FALSE( ... ) REQUIRE_FALSE( __VA_ARGS__ )
++#endif
++
+ #endif
+ 
+ #define CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION( signature ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION( signature )
+@@ -11859,15 +17750,24 @@
+ #define SCENARIO( ... ) TEST_CASE( "Scenario: " __VA_ARGS__ )
+ #define SCENARIO_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, "Scenario: " __VA_ARGS__ )
+ 
+-#define GIVEN( desc )    SECTION( std::string("   Given: ") + desc )
+-#define WHEN( desc )     SECTION( std::string("    When: ") + desc )
+-#define AND_WHEN( desc ) SECTION( std::string("And when: ") + desc )
+-#define THEN( desc )     SECTION( std::string("    Then: ") + desc )
+-#define AND_THEN( desc ) SECTION( std::string("     And: ") + desc )
++#define GIVEN( desc )     INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "    Given: " << desc )
++#define AND_GIVEN( desc ) INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "And given: " << desc )
++#define WHEN( desc )      INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "     When: " << desc )
++#define AND_WHEN( desc )  INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( " And when: " << desc )
++#define THEN( desc )      INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "     Then: " << desc )
++#define AND_THEN( desc )  INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "      And: " << desc )
++
++#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING)
++#define BENCHMARK(...) \
++    INTERNAL_CATCH_BENCHMARK(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(C_A_T_C_H_B_E_N_C_H_), INTERNAL_CATCH_GET_1_ARG(__VA_ARGS__,,), INTERNAL_CATCH_GET_2_ARG(__VA_ARGS__,,))
++#define BENCHMARK_ADVANCED(name) \
++    INTERNAL_CATCH_BENCHMARK_ADVANCED(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(C_A_T_C_H_B_E_N_C_H_), name)
++#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_BENCHMARKING
+ 
+ using Catch::Detail::Approx;
+ 
+-#else
++#else // CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE
++
+ //////
+ // If this config identifier is defined then all CATCH macros are prefixed with CATCH_
+ #ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL
+@@ -11903,30 +17803,56 @@
+ #define CATCH_REQUIRE_THAT( arg, matcher ) (void)(0)
+ #endif // CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_MATCHERS
+ 
+-#define CATCH_INFO( msg )    (void)(0)
+-#define CATCH_WARN( msg )    (void)(0)
+-#define CATCH_CAPTURE( msg ) (void)(0)
++#define CATCH_INFO( msg )          (void)(0)
++#define CATCH_UNSCOPED_INFO( msg ) (void)(0)
++#define CATCH_WARN( msg )          (void)(0)
++#define CATCH_CAPTURE( msg )       (void)(0)
+ 
+-#define CATCH_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ ))
+-#define CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ ))
++#define CATCH_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_S_T_ ))
++#define CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_S_T_ ))
+ #define CATCH_METHOD_AS_TEST_CASE( method, ... )
+ #define CATCH_REGISTER_TEST_CASE( Function, ... ) (void)(0)
+ #define CATCH_SECTION( ... )
++#define CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( ... )
+ #define CATCH_FAIL( ... ) (void)(0)
+ #define CATCH_FAIL_CHECK( ... ) (void)(0)
+ #define CATCH_SUCCEED( ... ) (void)(0)
+ 
+-#define CATCH_ANON_TEST_CASE() INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ ))
++#define CATCH_ANON_TEST_CASE() INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_S_T_ ))
++
++#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION(__VA_ARGS__)
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(__VA_ARGS__)
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION(className, __VA_ARGS__)
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(className, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( ... ) CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#else
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION(__VA_ARGS__) )
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(__VA_ARGS__) )
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION(className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( ... ) CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#endif
+ 
+ // "BDD-style" convenience wrappers
+-#define CATCH_SCENARIO( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ ))
+-#define CATCH_SCENARIO_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ ), className )
++#define CATCH_SCENARIO( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_S_T_ ))
++#define CATCH_SCENARIO_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_S_T_ ), className )
+ #define CATCH_GIVEN( desc )
++#define CATCH_AND_GIVEN( desc )
+ #define CATCH_WHEN( desc )
+ #define CATCH_AND_WHEN( desc )
+ #define CATCH_THEN( desc )
+ #define CATCH_AND_THEN( desc )
+ 
++#define CATCH_STATIC_REQUIRE( ... )       (void)(0)
++#define CATCH_STATIC_REQUIRE_FALSE( ... ) (void)(0)
++
+ // If CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL is not defined then the CATCH_ prefix is not required
+ #else
+ 
+@@ -11962,28 +17888,54 @@
+ #endif // CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_MATCHERS
+ 
+ #define INFO( msg ) (void)(0)
++#define UNSCOPED_INFO( msg ) (void)(0)
+ #define WARN( msg ) (void)(0)
+ #define CAPTURE( msg ) (void)(0)
+ 
+-#define TEST_CASE( ... )  INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ ))
+-#define TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ ))
++#define TEST_CASE( ... )  INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_S_T_ ))
++#define TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_S_T_ ))
+ #define METHOD_AS_TEST_CASE( method, ... )
+ #define REGISTER_TEST_CASE( Function, ... ) (void)(0)
+ #define SECTION( ... )
++#define DYNAMIC_SECTION( ... )
+ #define FAIL( ... ) (void)(0)
+ #define FAIL_CHECK( ... ) (void)(0)
+ #define SUCCEED( ... ) (void)(0)
+-#define ANON_TEST_CASE() INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ ))
++#define ANON_TEST_CASE() INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_S_T_ ))
++
++#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
++#define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION(__VA_ARGS__)
++#define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(__VA_ARGS__)
++#define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION(className, __VA_ARGS__)
++#define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(className, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( ... ) TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#else
++#define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION(__VA_ARGS__) )
++#define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(__VA_ARGS__) )
++#define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION(className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
++#define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( ... ) TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
++#endif
++
++#define STATIC_REQUIRE( ... )       (void)(0)
++#define STATIC_REQUIRE_FALSE( ... ) (void)(0)
+ 
+ #endif
+ 
+ #define CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION( signature ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION_NO_REG( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( catch_internal_ExceptionTranslator ), signature )
+ 
+ // "BDD-style" convenience wrappers
+-#define SCENARIO( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ ) )
+-#define SCENARIO_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ ), className )
++#define SCENARIO( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_S_T_ ) )
++#define SCENARIO_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( C_A_T_C_H_T_E_S_T_ ), className )
+ 
+ #define GIVEN( desc )
++#define AND_GIVEN( desc )
+ #define WHEN( desc )
+ #define AND_WHEN( desc )
+ #define THEN( desc )
+@@ -11993,6 +17945,8 @@
+ 
+ #endif
+ 
++#endif // ! CATCH_CONFIG_IMPL_ONLY
++
+ // start catch_reenable_warnings.h
+ 
+ 


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